Research Methods & Reporting

Adapting interventions to new contexts—the ADAPT guidance

Recommendations for including or reviewing patient reported outcome endpoints in grant applications

CONSORT extension for the reporting of randomised controlled trials conducted using cohorts and routinely collected data (CONSORT-ROUTINE): checklist with explanation and elaboration

Guidance for the design and reporting of studies evaluating the clinical performance of tests for present or past SARS-CoV-2 infection

The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews

PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews

Preferred reporting items for journal and conference abstracts of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of diagnostic test accuracy studies (PRISMA-DTA for Abstracts): checklist, explanation, and elaboration

Designing and undertaking randomised implementation trials: guide for researchers

STaRT-RWE: structured template for planning and reporting on the implementation of real world evidence studies

Methodological standards for qualitative and mixed methods patient centered outcomes research

GRADE approach to drawing conclusions from a network meta-analysis using a minimally contextualised framework

GRADE approach to drawing conclusions from a network meta-analysis using a partially contextualised framework

Use of multiple period, cluster randomised, crossover trial designs for comparative effectiveness research

When to replicate systematic reviews of interventions: consensus checklist

Reporting guidelines for clinical trial reports for interventions involving artificial intelligence: the CONSORT-AI Extension

Guidelines for clinical trial protocols for interventions involving artificial intelligence: the SPIRIT-AI Extension

Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies (PRISMA-DTA): explanation, elaboration, and checklist

Non-adherence in non-inferiority trials: pitfalls and recommendations

The Adaptive designs CONSORT Extension (ACE) statement: a checklist with explanation and elaboration guideline for reporting randomised trials that use an adaptive design

Machine learning and artificial intelligence research for patient benefit: 20 critical questions on transparency, replicability, ethics, and effectiveness

Calculating the sample size required for developing a clinical prediction model

SPIRIT extension and elaboration for n-of-1 trials: SPENT 2019 checklist

Synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) in systematic reviews: reporting guideline

Alternative approaches for confounding adjustment in observational studies using weighting based on the propensity score: a primer for practitioners

A guide to prospective meta-analysis

RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials

CONSORT 2010 statement: extension to randomised crossover trials

When and how to use data from randomised trials to develop or validate prognostic models

Guide to presenting clinical prediction models for use in clinical settings

A guide to systematic review and meta-analysis of prognostic factor studies

When continuous outcomes are measured using different scales: guide for meta-analysis and interpretation

The reporting of studies conducted using observational routinely collected health data statement for pharmacoepidemiology (RECORD-PE)

Reporting of stepped wedge cluster randomised trials: extension of the CONSORT 2010 statement with explanation and elaboration

DELTA,2, guidance on choosing the target difference and undertaking and reporting the sample size calculation for a randomised controlled trial

Outcome reporting bias in trials: a methodological approach for assessment and adjustment in systematic reviews

Reading Mendelian randomisation studies: a guide, glossary, and checklist for clinicians

How to use FDA drug approval documents for evidence syntheses

How to avoid common problems when using ClinicalTrials.gov in research: 10 issues to consider

TIDieR-PHP: a reporting guideline for population health and policy interventions

Analysis of cluster randomised trials with an assessment of outcome at baseline

Key design considerations for adaptive clinical trials: a primer for clinicians

Population attributable fraction

How to estimate the effect of treatment duration on survival outcomes using observational data

Concerns about composite reference standards in diagnostic research

Statistical methods to compare functional outcomes in randomized controlled trials with high mortality

CONSORT-Equity 2017 extension and elaboration for better reporting of health equity in randomised trials

Handling time varying confounding in observational research

Four study design principles for genetic investigations using next generation sequencing

AMSTAR 2: a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions, or both

Multivariate and network meta-analysis of multiple outcomes and multiple treatments: rationale, concepts, and examples

STARD for Abstracts: essential items for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies in journal or conference abstracts

Statistics Notes: Percentage differences, symmetry, and natural logarithms

Statistics Notes: What is a percentage difference?

GRIPP2 reporting checklists: tools to improve reporting of patient and public involvement in research

Enhancing the usability of systematic reviews by improving the consideration and description of interventions

How to design efficient cluster randomised trials

CONSORT 2010 statement: extension checklist for reporting within person randomised trials

Life expectancy difference and life expectancy ratio: two measures of treatment effects in randomised trials with non-proportional hazards

Standards for Reporting Implementation Studies (StaRI) Statement

Meta-analytical methods to identify who benefits most from treatments: daft, deluded, or deft approach?

A guide to systematic review and meta-analysis of prediction model performance

CONSORT 2010 statement: extension to randomised pilot and feasibility trials

ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions

Recommendations to improve adverse event reporting in clinical trial publications: a joint pharmaceutical industry/journal editor perspective

Self controlled case series methods: an alternative to standard epidemiological study designs

Adding tests to risk based guidelines: evaluating improvements in prediction for an intermediate risk group

Timeline cluster: a graphical tool to identify risk of bias in cluster randomised trials

When and how to update systematic reviews: consensus and checklist

GRADE Evidence to Decision (EtD) frameworks: a systematic and transparent approach to making well informed healthcare choices. 2: Clinical practice guidelines

GRADE Evidence to Decision (EtD) frameworks: a systematic and transparent approach to making well informed healthcare choices. 1: Introduction

The spectrum effect in tests for risk prediction, screening, and diagnosis

External validation of clinical prediction models using big datasets from e-health records or IPD meta-analysis: opportunities and challenges

Sparse data bias: a problem hiding in plain sight

How to translate clinical trial results into gain in healthy life expectancy for individual patients

Guidelines for reporting of health interventions using mobile phones: mobile health (mHealth) evidence reporting and assessment (mERA) checklist

Regression discontinuity designs in healthcare research

Analysing indicators of performance, satisfaction, or safety using empirical logit transformation

The AGREE Reporting Checklist: a tool to improve reporting of clinical practice guidelines

Analysis of matched case-control studies

Anticipating missing reference standard data when planning diagnostic accuracy studies

PRISMA harms checklist: improving harms reporting in systematic reviews

Net benefit approaches to the evaluation of prediction models, molecular markers, and diagnostic tests

Inverse probability weighting

How to estimate the health benefits of additional research and changing clinical practice

Three simple rules to ensure reasonably credible subgroup analyses

STARD 2015: an updated list of essential items for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies

How to develop a more accurate risk prediction model when there are few events

The ring vaccination trial: a novel cluster randomised controlled trial design to evaluate vaccine efficacy and effectiveness during outbreaks, with special reference to Ebola

Regression based quasi-experimental approach when randomisation is not an option: interrupted time series analysis

Cluster randomised trials with repeated cross sections: alternatives to parallel group designs

Statistics Notes: Bootstrap resampling methods

CONSORT extension for reporting N-of-1 trials (CENT) 2015 Statement

CONSORT extension for reporting N-of-1 trials (CENT) 2015: Explanation and elaboration

The PRECIS-2 tool: designing trials that are fit for purpose

Setting number of decimal places for reporting risk ratios: rule of four

Development of phenotype algorithms using electronic medical records and incorporating natural language processing

Anonymising and sharing individual patient data

Process evaluation of complex interventions: Medical Research Council guidance

Use of GRADE for assessment of evidence about prognosis: rating confidence in estimates of event rates in broad categories of patients

Under-reporting and case fatality estimates for emerging epidemics