Many women who present with symptoms of bladder dysfunction relate the onset to the operation of simple hysterectomy. A group of 42 women undergoing simple hysterectomy was studied prospectively. Urinary symptoms, urodynamic findings and sacral reflex latencies (SRLs) were assessed pre- and post-operatively. After hysterectomy the incidence of urinary symptoms increased from 58.3 to 75.0%. Vesicourethral dysfunction was altered in 30.6% of patients, 72.7% of whom had evidence of pelvic neuropathy as detected by SRLs. The results show that simple hysterectomy is associated with a significant incidence of post-operative vesicourethral dysfunction and that there is an identifiable neurological abnormality incurred at operation which is pertinent to the subsequent disordered voiding.