Advance Care Planning in terminally ill and frail older persons

Patient Educ Couns. 2013 Mar;90(3):323-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2011.07.008. Epub 2011 Aug 2.

Abstract

Objective: Advance Care Planning (ACP) - the communication process by which patients establish goals and preferences for future care - is encouraged to improve the quality of end-of-life care. Gaining insight into the views of elderly on ACP was the aim of this study, as most studies concern younger patients.

Methods: We conducted and analysed 38 semi-structured interviews in elderly patients with limited prognosis.

Results: The majority of participants were willing to talk about dying. In some elderly, however, non-acceptance of their nearing death made ACP conversations impossible. Most of the participants wanted to plan those issues of end-of-life care related to personal experiences and fears. They were less interested in planning other end-of-life situations being outside of their power of imagination. Other factors determining if patients proceed to ACP were trust in family and/or physician and the need for control.

Conclusions: ACP is considered important by most elderly. However, there is a risk of pseudo-participation in case of non-acceptance of the nearing death or planning end-of-life situations outside the patient's power of imagination. This may result in end-of-life decisions not reflecting the patient's true wishes.

Practice implications: Before engaging in ACP conversations, physicians should explore if the patient accepts dying as a likely outcome. Also the experiences and fears concerning death and dying, trust and the need for control should be assessed.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Advance Care Planning / statistics & numerical data*
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Decision Making
  • Female
  • Frail Elderly / psychology*
  • Frail Elderly / statistics & numerical data*
  • Health Services for the Aged*
  • Humans
  • Interviews as Topic
  • Male
  • Physician-Patient Relations
  • Quality of Health Care
  • Quality of Life
  • Terminally Ill* / psychology
  • Terminally Ill* / statistics & numerical data