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Prediabetes and associated disorders

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Abstract

Prediabetes represents an elevation of plasma glucose above the normal range but below that of clinical diabetes. Prediabetes includes individuals with IFG, IGT, IFG with IGT and elevated HbA1c levels. Insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction are characteristic of this disorder. The diagnosis of prediabetesis is vital as both IFG and IGT are indeed well-known risk factors for type 2 diabetes with a greater risk in the presence of combined IFG and IGT. Furthermore, as will be illustrated in this review, prediabetes is associated with associated disorders typically only considered in with established diabetes. These include cardiovascular disease, periodontal disease, cognitive dysfunction, microvascular disease, blood pressure abnormalities, obstructive sleep apnea, low testosterone, metabolic syndrome, various biomarkers, fatty liver disease, and cancer. As the vast majority of individuals with prediabetes are unaware of their diagnosis, it is therefore vital that the associated conditions are identified, particularly in the presence of mild hyperglycemia, so they may benefit from early intervention.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Clinic Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium

    Martin Buysschaert

  2. Oporto Medical School, Oporto University, Oporto, Portugal

    José Luís Medina

  3. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, NYU Diabetes and Endocrine Associates, NYU School of Medicine, 530 First Avenue, Schwartz East, Suite 5E, New York, NY, 10016, USA

    Michael Bergman

  4. Internal Medicine, South Shore Hospital, 55 Fogg Road, Box 97, Weymouth, MA, 02190, USA

    Avni Shah

  5. Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, NYU School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA

    Jaqueline Lonier

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  1. Martin Buysschaert
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  2. José Luís Medina
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  3. Michael Bergman
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Buysschaert, M., Medina, J.L., Bergman, M. et al. Prediabetes and associated disorders. Endocrine 48, 371–393 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-014-0436-2

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