Racial inequality: five minutes with . . . Michael Marmot

“During the pandemic I knew we had to look at ethnic differences in health because of the high mortality among people from black African, black Caribbean, Bangladeshi, Pakistani, and Indian backgrounds. That was statistically, in some measure, accounted for by geography—where people lived, level of deprivation of the area, other socioeconomic characteristics—but only in some measure. Racism was, in a sense, the cause of the causes of the causes. Why should people of …