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The ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’ is a ‘Novel 21st Century Global Public Health Assault’ that is increasingly stretching the limits of the ‘Intellectual-Professional Armoury of Our Common Humanity’! As the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Information-Specifics’ are ‘Rapidly Dynamically Transmuting’ by the day, the World is also challenged to ‘Rapidly and Innovatively’ rise up daily to the ‘Pandemic’!! This undergirds the ‘Avalanche of COVID-19 Pandemic Innovative Outpourings’!!! As a ‘COVID Phenomenon’, the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’ affects ‘Virtually ALL Aspects of Our Humanity’ [1]. The ‘Unprecedented Ravaging Devastations’ of the ‘Pandemic’ have been previously exposed [2-4]! Equally, several other ‘Communications’ have disposed the increasing plethora of the ‘Positive Harvests’ [5-7]!! The ‘Pandemic’ is not all DOOM but also possible ‘Pandemic BOOM’ for ‘Our Improved Humanity’ [5]!!!
The reported ‘Epistemic Gap’ in ‘Professionals-Patients Interface’ for ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’ excites our ‘Professional-Intellectual Armoury’ to match the ‘Rapidly Transmuting Scourge’ [8]! The ‘Epistemic Gap’ in the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’-related ‘Professionals-Patients Interactions’ necessitates this ‘Communication’ disposing the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Determinant Nonad’ which MUST be considered to ‘Globally Extinguish’ the ‘21st Century Storm’ [2]!!
To ‘Weather the Scourge’, the ‘Programmatic Interventional Approach’ MUST focus ‘Strategies-Resources’ to the ‘NINE Components’ of the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Determinant Nonad’:
1. IGNORANCE: For the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’, both ‘Patients’ and ‘Professionals’ MUST manifest some ‘Ignorance’ as the ‘Novel Scourge’ unearths ‘New Discoveries’ outside the ‘Normal Knowns’ and, therefore, equivalent to ‘Ignorance Gap’ [8]! Doctors are polite and skillful when not addressing ‘Patient Issues’ beyond their pre-existent ‘Knowledge’-‘Competence’ [9]!! ‘Ignorance’: ‘Lack of the Knowledge/ Awareness’ of the ‘Existence of Objects-Categories-Ideas’, and in this circumstance, concerning ‘New Concepts’ re: ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Information-Specifics’ [10]!!
2. EPISTEMIC GAP: While ‘Epistemology’ is ‘Study of Knowledge, its Methods, Scope and Validity’, the ‘Novel Pandemic’ brings in its wake ‘New Concepts’ evolving from ‘COVID-19 Research Output’ outpacing the ‘Capacity/ Ability’ of ‘Professionals’ to be consistently abreast with the ‘Rapidly Transmuting Pandemic Possibilities’ creating the ‘Epistemic Gap’ [8,11]!
3. HYPOCOGNITION: This ‘Knowledge State’ MUST be distinguished from ‘Ignorance’ that is a ‘Function of Knowledge and its Lack’! ‘Hypocognition’: ‘Inability to Grasp the Objects-Categories-Ideas’ and ‘No Words Exist’ to express the ‘Associated New Concepts’; A ‘Function of Culture and Experience’ [10]!! The ‘Tudor’s Ice Tale’-‘Island of Martinique’ is instructive in disposing ‘Hypocognition’!! Also, ‘Hypocognition’ among the ‘Hasidic Jews Community’ re: Peculiar predisposition to the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’/ failure of the Rabbis to communicate ‘Pandemic New Concepts’ appropriately to the Jews [10]!! This is ‘Unknown Unknowns’ and being ‘Unaware of What is not Known’!! ‘Hypocognition’: ‘Lack of Linguistic or Cognitive Representations for Object-Category-Idea’ and ‘No Words to Express the Associated Concepts’ [12]!!! For the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Fight’, ‘Hypocognition’ implies ‘Knowledge Gaps’ or ‘Blind Spots’ that compromise ‘Effective and Efficient’ deployment of ‘Pandemic Interventions’; We MUST be aware of what we do not know [12]!!! Not Knowing what we do not Know is not an Option for the ‘Pandemic’!!!
4. HYPERCOGNITION: The diametric opposite to ‘Hypocognition’ is ‘Hypercognition’: ‘Over-Application of Concepts to the Circumstances that they do not really Apply’ [10-12]! For example, for the ‘Same Patient’, different ‘Doctors with different Expertise-Specialism’ may possibly diagnose different ‘Clinical Conditions’ reflecting their peculiar ‘Expertise-Specialism’!! This should be anticipated and appropriately addressed in ‘Patient Care’ in the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Era’!!!
5. TRAINED INCAPACITY: ‘Experts are confined in Knowledge by their Expertise’ [10]! ‘Expertise Development’ may significantly limit the appreciation of other ‘Human Expertise Spheres’ relevant to their ‘Robust Holistic Functioning’; May also inadvertently court ‘Insularity’ possibly inimical to the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Fight’ [10]!! It is conjectured that the failure to completely comply with the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic-related Lockdowns’ is due to ‘Experts’ Recommendations’ not deeply considering the ‘Burden-Costs’ to the Citizenry!! Therefore, ‘Experts’ need much broader ‘Training’ to AVOID ‘Trained Incapacity’ [10]!!
6. NEW NORMALS: With the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’, the World is exposed to an increasingly ‘Enlarged Lexical Pandemic Quantum’ with the ‘Pandemic New Normals’ which now dominate ‘Topical Conversations’ [13,14]! They are occasioned by the ‘Pandemic Realities’ and seemingly attempt to address the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Hypocognitive State’ but do not satisfactorily obviate the effects of the extant ‘Hypocognition’ which MUST be systematically addressed!! The ‘New Normals Repertoire’ is daunting and legion [14]!
7. HUMILITY: For the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’, ‘Humility’ is a scarce but necessarily required ‘Attribute’ for both ‘Patients’ and ‘Professionals’ for the ‘Pandemic Realities’ to enable the ‘Professionals’-‘Pandemic Interventional Prescriptions’ and complementary ‘Patients’-‘Pandemic Interventions Compliance’! Without ‘Humility’, ‘Arrogance’ undergirds ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Denialism’ and birth of illimitable ‘Pandemic Difficulties/ Failures’!! ‘Humility’ is necessary for ‘Improved Spirituality’ which is part of ‘WHO Holistic Health’ and a Panacea for the ‘Composite COVID-19 Pandemic Fight’ [15,16]!!!
8. MULTIPARAMETER-BASED MEDICINE (MBM): The ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’ is a ‘Matter’ for ‘Science-Facts-Best Available Research Evidence (BARE)’ and the WHO recommends ‘Politics’ is ‘Quarantined’ in ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’! From the unfolding and evolving ‘Global Events and Pandemic Picture’, we need to go beyond ‘Evidence-based Medicine (EBM)’ and move to ‘Multiparameter-based Medicine (MBM)’ to seek and address ALL ‘Relevant Spheres of Influence’ in ‘Best Decision-making Process’ and ‘Optimal Patient Care’ in the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Era’ 17-20]!! This will insulate the EBM against ‘Politics’ in the desired impactful ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Interventions’ [21]!!
9. MEDICAL SOCIOECONOSOPHY (MSE): The ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’ has exposed several ‘Programmatic Interventional Determinants’ that MUST be identified and addressed in the ‘Pandemic Fight’: Ignorance Gap, Epistemic Gap, Hypocognition etc! The ‘Basic Medical Education Improvement (BMEI) Intervention’ with the ‘Medical Socioeconosophy (MSE)’ has been reported previously [22-25]!! With the MSE, the World will be guaranteed the ‘Formation and Production’ of ‘Medical Doctors’: Knowledgeable and skilled as ‘Fit-for-Purpose’ and ‘Work-in-Teams’-compliant for the ‘Pandemic Fight’!!!
With the ‘Pandemic Interventions Determinants’ exposed in the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Determinant Nonad’, it is imperative for the World to rekindle the ‘Medical Reformation Interventions’ with the ‘Twin Interventions’ of MSE and MBM! These ‘Determinants’, when appropriately addressed will assure and guarantee the desired ‘Pool’ of ‘Informed and Competent Doctors’ that will be capable of eclipsing the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’-related Ignorance Gap, Epistemic Gap, Hypocognition, Trained Incapacity etc!!
This ‘Communication’ is a modest ‘Contribution’ to the enlarging extant ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Interventions Determinants Conversation’! The ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Determinant Nonad’ is proposed to guide seeking and addressing the ‘Determinants’ to assure a more productive ‘Pandemic Interventional Approach’ for ‘Winning’ the ‘War’ against the ‘Pandemic’ with the ‘Unseen Enemy’!!
REFERENCES
1. Eregie C.O. COVID Phenomenon: An innovative conceptual coinage in Human Development and Sustainable Development in the 21st Century. https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m1199/rr-17 of 9th April 2020
2. Godlee F. COVID-19: Weathering the storm. BMJ 2020; 368:m1199 of 26th March 2020
3. Eregie C.O. COVID-19 Pandemic: Still on the difficult unresolved increasing challenges in weathering the storm. https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m1199/rr-13 of 2nd April 2020
4. Eregie C.O. COVID-19 Pandemic: Further perspectives on the difficult unresolved increasing challenges in weathering the storm. https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m1199/rr-16 of 5th April 2020
5. Kickbusch I, Leung GM, Bhutta ZA, Matsoso MP, Ihekweazu C, Abbasi K. Covid-19: how a virus is turning the world upside down. BMJ 2020; 369:m1336 of 3rd April 2020
6. Eregie C.O. COVID-19 Pandemic: The daunting challenges of assuring sustainable benefits from weathering the storm. https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m1199/rr-14 of 8th April 2020
7. Nelson B. The positive effects of Covid-19. BMJ 2020; 369:m1785
8. Goldbeck-Wood SJ. Minding the epistemic gap in covid-19 and beyond. BMJ 2020; 369:m2379A=
9. Agledahl KM, Gulbrandsen P, Forde R, Wifstad A. Courteous but not curious: how doctors’ politeness masks their existential neglect. A qualitative study of video-recorded patient consultations. J Med Ethics 2011; 37:650-4
10. McIntyre R. Hypocognition, Trained Incapacity and the Cost of Not Knowing. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/mood-and-culture/202004/hypocogn... of 24th April 2020
11. Wicks P, Richards T, Denegri S, Godlee F. Patients’ role and rights in research. BMJ 2018; 362:k3193
12. Wu K, Dunning D. Hypocognition: Making sense of the world beyond one’s conceptual reach. Review of General Psychology 2018; 22(1):25-35
13. Lakhani M, Lakhani S, Lakhani P. Reimagining healthcare after Covid-19. BMJ 2020; 369:2220
14. Eregie CO. COVID-19 Pandemic and the increasingly evolving ‘new normals’ for today and beyond: Rekindling the imperative to optimize the ‘pandemic positive harvests’ for the challenges ahead. https://www.bmj.com/content/369/bml.m2220/rr of 3rd July 2020
15. Koenig GH. Religion, Spirituality and Medicine: application to clinical practice. JAMA 2000; 284:1708-1709.
16. Eregie C.O. Religion, spirituality and medicine: a further imperative for ‘medical socioeconosophy (MSE)’ in medical education improvement. https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m106/rr-5 of 29th January 2020
17. Evidence-based Medicine Working Group Evidence-based Medicine: A new approach to teaching practice of medicine. JAMA 1992; 268 (17):2420-2425
18. Sackett DL, Rosenberg WM, Gray JA, Haynes RB, Richardson WS. Evidence-based Medicine: What it is and what it isn’t. BMJ 1996; 312:71-72
19. Eregie C.O. Beyond Evidence-based Medicine (EBM) as ‘Work In Progress’: An Innovative Proposal for ‘Multiparameter-based Medicine (MBM). https://www.bmj.com/content/366/bmj.l5395/rr of 4th October 2019
20. Eregie C.O. Commercial influence and conflicts of interest on research evidence, medical education and patient care: Rekindling the imperative for transparency independence with medical socioeconosophy (MSE) and multiparameter-based medicine (MBM). https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m471/rr of 12th February 2020
21. Eregie C.O. COVID-19 Pandemic, ‘COVID Phenomenon’ and the politics of the science, facts, research evidence and ‘evidence-based medicine (EBM): the imperative for rekindling the ‘multiparameter-based medicine (MBM) in the 21st Century. https://www.bmj.com/content/369/bmj.m1336/rr-20 of 17th April 2020
22. Cooke M, Irby D.M., O’Brien B.C. A Summary of Educating Physicians: A Call for Reform of Medical School and Residency. 2010
23. Worley P et al. Emperical evidence for symbiotic medical education: a comparative analysis of community and tertiary programs. Medical Education 2000; 40:109-116
24. Eregie C.O. The NHS Health Workforce Crisis and the Modern Firm: Considering an Additional Role for ‘Medical Socioeconosophy’ in Basic Medical Education Curriculum Improvement. https://www.bmj.com/content/365/bmj.l4173/rr-3 of 26th June 2019
25. Eregie C.O. ’Fit-for-Purpose’ Medical Doctors in Today’s Globalized World: Further Imperative for ‘Medical Socioeconosophy’ in Basic Medical Education Improvement. https://www.bmj.com/content/366/bmj.l4997/rr-1 of 30th August 2019
Professor Charles Osayande Eregie,
MBBS, FWACP, FMCPaed, FRCPCH (UK), Cert. ORT (Oxford), MSc (Religious Education),
Professor of Child Health and Neonatology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
Consultant Paediatrician and Neonatologist, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria.
UNICEF-Trained BFHI Master Trainer,
ICDC-Trained in Code Implementation,
*Technical Expert/ Consultant on the FMOH-UNICEF-NAFDAC Code Implementation Project in Nigeria.
*No Competing Interests.
Competing interests:
No competing interests
07 July 2020
Charles Osayande Eregie
Medical doctor
Professor of Child Health and Neonatology, University of Benin and Consultant Paediatrician and Neonatologist, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. Also, UNICEF-Trained BFHI Master Trainer and ICDC-Trained in Code Implementaion. Also a Technical Expert/ Consultant on FMOH-UNICEF-NAFDAC Project on Code Implementation in Nigeria
Institute of Child Health, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
COVID-19 Pandemic and the ‘Determinant Nonad’: Rekindling the imperative of the twin medical reformation interventions of ‘Multiparameter-Based Medicine' (MBM) and ‘Medical Socioeconosophy’ (MSE)
The ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’ is a ‘Novel 21st Century Global Public Health Assault’ that is increasingly stretching the limits of the ‘Intellectual-Professional Armoury of Our Common Humanity’! As the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Information-Specifics’ are ‘Rapidly Dynamically Transmuting’ by the day, the World is also challenged to ‘Rapidly and Innovatively’ rise up daily to the ‘Pandemic’!! This undergirds the ‘Avalanche of COVID-19 Pandemic Innovative Outpourings’!!! As a ‘COVID Phenomenon’, the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’ affects ‘Virtually ALL Aspects of Our Humanity’ [1]. The ‘Unprecedented Ravaging Devastations’ of the ‘Pandemic’ have been previously exposed [2-4]! Equally, several other ‘Communications’ have disposed the increasing plethora of the ‘Positive Harvests’ [5-7]!! The ‘Pandemic’ is not all DOOM but also possible ‘Pandemic BOOM’ for ‘Our Improved Humanity’ [5]!!!
The reported ‘Epistemic Gap’ in ‘Professionals-Patients Interface’ for ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’ excites our ‘Professional-Intellectual Armoury’ to match the ‘Rapidly Transmuting Scourge’ [8]! The ‘Epistemic Gap’ in the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’-related ‘Professionals-Patients Interactions’ necessitates this ‘Communication’ disposing the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Determinant Nonad’ which MUST be considered to ‘Globally Extinguish’ the ‘21st Century Storm’ [2]!!
To ‘Weather the Scourge’, the ‘Programmatic Interventional Approach’ MUST focus ‘Strategies-Resources’ to the ‘NINE Components’ of the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Determinant Nonad’:
1. IGNORANCE: For the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’, both ‘Patients’ and ‘Professionals’ MUST manifest some ‘Ignorance’ as the ‘Novel Scourge’ unearths ‘New Discoveries’ outside the ‘Normal Knowns’ and, therefore, equivalent to ‘Ignorance Gap’ [8]! Doctors are polite and skillful when not addressing ‘Patient Issues’ beyond their pre-existent ‘Knowledge’-‘Competence’ [9]!! ‘Ignorance’: ‘Lack of the Knowledge/ Awareness’ of the ‘Existence of Objects-Categories-Ideas’, and in this circumstance, concerning ‘New Concepts’ re: ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Information-Specifics’ [10]!!
2. EPISTEMIC GAP: While ‘Epistemology’ is ‘Study of Knowledge, its Methods, Scope and Validity’, the ‘Novel Pandemic’ brings in its wake ‘New Concepts’ evolving from ‘COVID-19 Research Output’ outpacing the ‘Capacity/ Ability’ of ‘Professionals’ to be consistently abreast with the ‘Rapidly Transmuting Pandemic Possibilities’ creating the ‘Epistemic Gap’ [8,11]!
3. HYPOCOGNITION: This ‘Knowledge State’ MUST be distinguished from ‘Ignorance’ that is a ‘Function of Knowledge and its Lack’! ‘Hypocognition’: ‘Inability to Grasp the Objects-Categories-Ideas’ and ‘No Words Exist’ to express the ‘Associated New Concepts’; A ‘Function of Culture and Experience’ [10]!! The ‘Tudor’s Ice Tale’-‘Island of Martinique’ is instructive in disposing ‘Hypocognition’!! Also, ‘Hypocognition’ among the ‘Hasidic Jews Community’ re: Peculiar predisposition to the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’/ failure of the Rabbis to communicate ‘Pandemic New Concepts’ appropriately to the Jews [10]!! This is ‘Unknown Unknowns’ and being ‘Unaware of What is not Known’!! ‘Hypocognition’: ‘Lack of Linguistic or Cognitive Representations for Object-Category-Idea’ and ‘No Words to Express the Associated Concepts’ [12]!!! For the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Fight’, ‘Hypocognition’ implies ‘Knowledge Gaps’ or ‘Blind Spots’ that compromise ‘Effective and Efficient’ deployment of ‘Pandemic Interventions’; We MUST be aware of what we do not know [12]!!! Not Knowing what we do not Know is not an Option for the ‘Pandemic’!!!
4. HYPERCOGNITION: The diametric opposite to ‘Hypocognition’ is ‘Hypercognition’: ‘Over-Application of Concepts to the Circumstances that they do not really Apply’ [10-12]! For example, for the ‘Same Patient’, different ‘Doctors with different Expertise-Specialism’ may possibly diagnose different ‘Clinical Conditions’ reflecting their peculiar ‘Expertise-Specialism’!! This should be anticipated and appropriately addressed in ‘Patient Care’ in the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Era’!!!
5. TRAINED INCAPACITY: ‘Experts are confined in Knowledge by their Expertise’ [10]! ‘Expertise Development’ may significantly limit the appreciation of other ‘Human Expertise Spheres’ relevant to their ‘Robust Holistic Functioning’; May also inadvertently court ‘Insularity’ possibly inimical to the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Fight’ [10]!! It is conjectured that the failure to completely comply with the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic-related Lockdowns’ is due to ‘Experts’ Recommendations’ not deeply considering the ‘Burden-Costs’ to the Citizenry!! Therefore, ‘Experts’ need much broader ‘Training’ to AVOID ‘Trained Incapacity’ [10]!!
6. NEW NORMALS: With the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’, the World is exposed to an increasingly ‘Enlarged Lexical Pandemic Quantum’ with the ‘Pandemic New Normals’ which now dominate ‘Topical Conversations’ [13,14]! They are occasioned by the ‘Pandemic Realities’ and seemingly attempt to address the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Hypocognitive State’ but do not satisfactorily obviate the effects of the extant ‘Hypocognition’ which MUST be systematically addressed!! The ‘New Normals Repertoire’ is daunting and legion [14]!
7. HUMILITY: For the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’, ‘Humility’ is a scarce but necessarily required ‘Attribute’ for both ‘Patients’ and ‘Professionals’ for the ‘Pandemic Realities’ to enable the ‘Professionals’-‘Pandemic Interventional Prescriptions’ and complementary ‘Patients’-‘Pandemic Interventions Compliance’! Without ‘Humility’, ‘Arrogance’ undergirds ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Denialism’ and birth of illimitable ‘Pandemic Difficulties/ Failures’!! ‘Humility’ is necessary for ‘Improved Spirituality’ which is part of ‘WHO Holistic Health’ and a Panacea for the ‘Composite COVID-19 Pandemic Fight’ [15,16]!!!
8. MULTIPARAMETER-BASED MEDICINE (MBM): The ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’ is a ‘Matter’ for ‘Science-Facts-Best Available Research Evidence (BARE)’ and the WHO recommends ‘Politics’ is ‘Quarantined’ in ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’! From the unfolding and evolving ‘Global Events and Pandemic Picture’, we need to go beyond ‘Evidence-based Medicine (EBM)’ and move to ‘Multiparameter-based Medicine (MBM)’ to seek and address ALL ‘Relevant Spheres of Influence’ in ‘Best Decision-making Process’ and ‘Optimal Patient Care’ in the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Era’ 17-20]!! This will insulate the EBM against ‘Politics’ in the desired impactful ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Interventions’ [21]!!
9. MEDICAL SOCIOECONOSOPHY (MSE): The ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’ has exposed several ‘Programmatic Interventional Determinants’ that MUST be identified and addressed in the ‘Pandemic Fight’: Ignorance Gap, Epistemic Gap, Hypocognition etc! The ‘Basic Medical Education Improvement (BMEI) Intervention’ with the ‘Medical Socioeconosophy (MSE)’ has been reported previously [22-25]!! With the MSE, the World will be guaranteed the ‘Formation and Production’ of ‘Medical Doctors’: Knowledgeable and skilled as ‘Fit-for-Purpose’ and ‘Work-in-Teams’-compliant for the ‘Pandemic Fight’!!!
With the ‘Pandemic Interventions Determinants’ exposed in the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Determinant Nonad’, it is imperative for the World to rekindle the ‘Medical Reformation Interventions’ with the ‘Twin Interventions’ of MSE and MBM! These ‘Determinants’, when appropriately addressed will assure and guarantee the desired ‘Pool’ of ‘Informed and Competent Doctors’ that will be capable of eclipsing the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’-related Ignorance Gap, Epistemic Gap, Hypocognition, Trained Incapacity etc!!
This ‘Communication’ is a modest ‘Contribution’ to the enlarging extant ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Interventions Determinants Conversation’! The ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Determinant Nonad’ is proposed to guide seeking and addressing the ‘Determinants’ to assure a more productive ‘Pandemic Interventional Approach’ for ‘Winning’ the ‘War’ against the ‘Pandemic’ with the ‘Unseen Enemy’!!
REFERENCES
1. Eregie C.O. COVID Phenomenon: An innovative conceptual coinage in Human Development and Sustainable Development in the 21st Century. https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m1199/rr-17 of 9th April 2020
2. Godlee F. COVID-19: Weathering the storm. BMJ 2020; 368:m1199 of 26th March 2020
3. Eregie C.O. COVID-19 Pandemic: Still on the difficult unresolved increasing challenges in weathering the storm. https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m1199/rr-13 of 2nd April 2020
4. Eregie C.O. COVID-19 Pandemic: Further perspectives on the difficult unresolved increasing challenges in weathering the storm. https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m1199/rr-16 of 5th April 2020
5. Kickbusch I, Leung GM, Bhutta ZA, Matsoso MP, Ihekweazu C, Abbasi K. Covid-19: how a virus is turning the world upside down. BMJ 2020; 369:m1336 of 3rd April 2020
6. Eregie C.O. COVID-19 Pandemic: The daunting challenges of assuring sustainable benefits from weathering the storm. https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m1199/rr-14 of 8th April 2020
7. Nelson B. The positive effects of Covid-19. BMJ 2020; 369:m1785
8. Goldbeck-Wood SJ. Minding the epistemic gap in covid-19 and beyond. BMJ 2020; 369:m2379A=
9. Agledahl KM, Gulbrandsen P, Forde R, Wifstad A. Courteous but not curious: how doctors’ politeness masks their existential neglect. A qualitative study of video-recorded patient consultations. J Med Ethics 2011; 37:650-4
10. McIntyre R. Hypocognition, Trained Incapacity and the Cost of Not Knowing. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/mood-and-culture/202004/hypocogn... of 24th April 2020
11. Wicks P, Richards T, Denegri S, Godlee F. Patients’ role and rights in research. BMJ 2018; 362:k3193
12. Wu K, Dunning D. Hypocognition: Making sense of the world beyond one’s conceptual reach. Review of General Psychology 2018; 22(1):25-35
13. Lakhani M, Lakhani S, Lakhani P. Reimagining healthcare after Covid-19. BMJ 2020; 369:2220
14. Eregie CO. COVID-19 Pandemic and the increasingly evolving ‘new normals’ for today and beyond: Rekindling the imperative to optimize the ‘pandemic positive harvests’ for the challenges ahead. https://www.bmj.com/content/369/bml.m2220/rr of 3rd July 2020
15. Koenig GH. Religion, Spirituality and Medicine: application to clinical practice. JAMA 2000; 284:1708-1709.
16. Eregie C.O. Religion, spirituality and medicine: a further imperative for ‘medical socioeconosophy (MSE)’ in medical education improvement. https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m106/rr-5 of 29th January 2020
17. Evidence-based Medicine Working Group Evidence-based Medicine: A new approach to teaching practice of medicine. JAMA 1992; 268 (17):2420-2425
18. Sackett DL, Rosenberg WM, Gray JA, Haynes RB, Richardson WS. Evidence-based Medicine: What it is and what it isn’t. BMJ 1996; 312:71-72
19. Eregie C.O. Beyond Evidence-based Medicine (EBM) as ‘Work In Progress’: An Innovative Proposal for ‘Multiparameter-based Medicine (MBM). https://www.bmj.com/content/366/bmj.l5395/rr of 4th October 2019
20. Eregie C.O. Commercial influence and conflicts of interest on research evidence, medical education and patient care: Rekindling the imperative for transparency independence with medical socioeconosophy (MSE) and multiparameter-based medicine (MBM). https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m471/rr of 12th February 2020
21. Eregie C.O. COVID-19 Pandemic, ‘COVID Phenomenon’ and the politics of the science, facts, research evidence and ‘evidence-based medicine (EBM): the imperative for rekindling the ‘multiparameter-based medicine (MBM) in the 21st Century. https://www.bmj.com/content/369/bmj.m1336/rr-20 of 17th April 2020
22. Cooke M, Irby D.M., O’Brien B.C. A Summary of Educating Physicians: A Call for Reform of Medical School and Residency. 2010
23. Worley P et al. Emperical evidence for symbiotic medical education: a comparative analysis of community and tertiary programs. Medical Education 2000; 40:109-116
24. Eregie C.O. The NHS Health Workforce Crisis and the Modern Firm: Considering an Additional Role for ‘Medical Socioeconosophy’ in Basic Medical Education Curriculum Improvement. https://www.bmj.com/content/365/bmj.l4173/rr-3 of 26th June 2019
25. Eregie C.O. ’Fit-for-Purpose’ Medical Doctors in Today’s Globalized World: Further Imperative for ‘Medical Socioeconosophy’ in Basic Medical Education Improvement. https://www.bmj.com/content/366/bmj.l4997/rr-1 of 30th August 2019
Professor Charles Osayande Eregie,
MBBS, FWACP, FMCPaed, FRCPCH (UK), Cert. ORT (Oxford), MSc (Religious Education),
Professor of Child Health and Neonatology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
Consultant Paediatrician and Neonatologist, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria.
UNICEF-Trained BFHI Master Trainer,
ICDC-Trained in Code Implementation,
*Technical Expert/ Consultant on the FMOH-UNICEF-NAFDAC Code Implementation Project in Nigeria.
*No Competing Interests.
Competing interests: No competing interests