COVID-19 Pandemic tragic octad: the evolving conceptual qualitative interventional equation to fight the pandemic
The ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’ is a ‘21st Century Enigma/ Unprecedented Ravaging Public Health Storm’ to be ‘Weathered for Our Common Humanity’ [1]! As a ‘Rapidly Dynamically Transmuting Scourge’, it readily excites ‘Interconnectedness’, as a ‘COVID Phenomenon’, with various ‘Human Existential-Developmental Possibilities’ [2]!! The ‘On-going George Floyd’-induced ‘Global Black Lives Matter Movement’ amplifies ‘Racism’ in several aspects of ‘Human Existential-Developmental Realities’!! Ipso facto, ‘Racism’ is another ‘COVID Phenomenon’ [2]!! Indeed, the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’ and ‘Racism’ are both ‘COVID Phenomena’ and are ‘Intertwined Dyadic Unprecedented Human Devastations’!!! Beyond the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’, ‘Racism’, ‘The Other Pandemic’, is ‘Another 21st Century Pandemic’ [3]; ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’ cannot be tackled without tackling ‘Racism’: Both are ‘COVID Phenomena’-‘Intricately Intertwined’!!!
With the WHO Definitions of Health (1948, 1984), ‘Health’ and ‘Holism’ are amplified for appreciating ‘Global Holistic Health’ for ALL Peoples so that ‘What Affects ONE Affects ALL’! Any ‘Discrimination-Non-Inclusiveness’ against any ‘Segment of Humanity’ implies compromised ‘Global Holistic Health; ‘Ethnic Minorities Issues’ are, therefore, the ‘Arrowheads’ of ‘Global Mass Movements’ against ‘Racism’ in the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Era’!! Indeed, ‘Racism in Medicine’ was the ‘BMJ Special Issue Conversational Thrust’ with a highlighted ‘Case-in-Point’ [4]: ‘Why Equality Matters to Everyone’ in the ‘Racism in Medicine Conversation’!!!
For ‘Programmatic Interventional Expedience’ in the ‘Global Fight’ against the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’, ‘Racism’ is a ‘Public Health Problem’ and ‘Ethnic Minorities’ are located at the ‘Centre’ of the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’[5]! It is apposite to regard ‘Racism’ as ‘Structural/ Systemic Societal Anomaly’! The Public Health England (PHE) has, in fact, been criticized for not amplifying the ‘Determinant Role and Importance’ of ‘Racism’ in its Report on the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’ [6]!! The ‘BMJ Special Issue’ induced the ‘NHS Response’: ‘Launched Race and Health Observatory’ [7]!! It needs to be re-emphasized that to successfully ‘Fight’ the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’, ‘Racism’ MUST be in ‘Inseparable Dyadic Intertwining’ with the ‘Pandemic’!! Thus, the current ‘Communication’ disposes the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Tragic Octad’ and the ‘Conceptual Qualitative Interventional Equation’ to assure ALL ‘Pandemic Dimensions’ are addressed in envisioned ‘Pandemic Interventions’!!!
A previous ‘Communication’ exposed the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Quadruple-barrel Tragedy’ disposing ALL Four Dimensions that MUST be addressed in the ‘Pandemic Fight’ [8]! As the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’ is ‘Rapidly Dynamically Transmuting’ in ‘Various Dimensions’, the ‘Quadruple-barrel Tragedy’ is rapidly transformed to the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Tragic Octad’ disposing the ‘EIGHT Dimensions’ that MUST be similarly addressed!! A ‘Tantalizing Teaser’ will be disposed to amplify the ‘Determinant Role and Importance’ of each of the ‘Eight Dimensions’ in the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Tragic Octad’:
1. SARS-CoV-2 Peculiarities (A, a): The peculiar ‘Unprecedented Rapidly Dynamically Transmuting Novel Coronavirus’, ‘SARS-CoV-2’, was ventilated in previous ‘Communications’ [9-11]! There are ‘Issues’ of ‘Nomenclatural Exactitude’ for the ‘Novel Coronavirus’ and, with ‘Encapsulating Politics’, have implications for ‘Successful Impactful Interventions’ against the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’. Being a ‘Novel Virus’ means there is no ‘Human Immunity’! Other ‘Issues’ are the ‘Origin’, ‘Natural Biological Agent’/ ‘Human Biological or Economic Terrorism Agent’, ‘Genomic Diversity’, ‘Viral Recombination Capacity’, ‘Lethality’, ‘Transmissibility’, ‘Droplet/ Aerosol-mediated Transmission’, ‘Vaccine Production Diversity Challenges’ etc have posited ‘Interventional Difficulties’ in the ‘Pandemic Fight’ [9-11]!!
2. COVID-19 Pandemic (B, b): The ‘Interventional Difficulties’ encountered with the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Fight’ were disposed in previous ‘Communications’ and MUST be addressed in successfully ‘Weathering the Storm’ [1, 12-14]! The peculiar ‘Pandemic Challenges’ include, among others: Analytics, Diagnostics, Therapeutics, Holistics, Changing Manifestations, Differential Population Susceptibilities, Face Masks Use Controversy, Optimal Social Distancing Requirement etc [15-18]!!
3. COVID-19 Infodemic (C, c): With ‘Appropriate Information’, People are empowered to ‘Take Right Decisions’ and ‘Facilitated to Effect Desired Actions’. In contradistinction, the ‘COVID-19 Infodemic’ constitutes ‘Misinformation Pandemic’ that MUST be aggressively countered in the ‘Pandemic Fight’ [12,13]
4. COVID-19 Research Waste (D, d): The ‘Rapidly Dynamically Transmuting Pandemic Specifics’ engender a ‘Deluge of COVID-19 Research’ but, with the ‘Compromised Foundational Pillars/ Principles’ of ‘Research and Data Governance’, dispose ‘Poor Quality Research Output’: ‘COVID-19 Research Waste’ [19-21]! This MUST be addressed in the ‘Pandemic Interventions’!!
5. COVID-19 Pandemic Interventional Precocity in Easing Lockdowns (W, w): In a previous ‘Communication’22, the ‘Disastrous Implications’ of ‘Precocious Easing of Lockdowns’ were explicitly ventilated and are inimical in the ‘Pandemic Fight’!
6. COVID-19 Pandemic Racial Disparities and Other Population Diversity-related Inequalities-Inequities (X, x): The ‘Raging Devastating Storm’ of ‘Racism’ is obvious from previous ‘Communications’ [3-7]! ‘Racial Disparities’ are implicated in the ‘COVID-19 Susceptibilities’, ‘Disease Severity’, ‘Critical Care Prioritization’, ‘COVID-19 Deaths’ etc!! Other ‘Population Diversity’-related Disparities are ‘Age’, ’Sex’, ‘Pre-Existing Medical Conditions’, ‘Economic Status’ etc and MUST be appropriately addressed!!
7. COVID-19 Pandemic Containment-Mitigation Measures Compliance (Y, y): The general level of compliance with the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Containment-Mitigation Measures’ has implications for the ‘Pandemic Fight’! With ‘Politically-motivated Non-Compliance’, the ‘COVID-19 Epidemic Curves’ are being distorted globally with ‘Surges’, ‘Resurgences’ and ‘Failure to Flatten the Curves’ etc!! For ‘Weathering the Storm’, COMPLIANCE with the ‘Containment-Mitigation Measures’ is a Sine Qua Non!!
8. COVID-19 Pandemic-induced Non-COVID-19 Cases Neglect (Z, z): The mandatory forced attention to ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’ implies ‘Less Attention and Care’ for ‘Non-COVID-19 Cases’ with the POTENTIALITY for ‘Surges’ and ‘Resurgences’ of the ‘Other Morbidities’ [23,24]! This MUST be addressed in the overall ‘Population Holistic Health’ in the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Era’!!
The ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Tragic Octad’ is amplified in the ‘Conceptual Qualitative Interventional Equation’ evolved to dispose the ‘Pandemic Dimensions’ that MUST be addressed in the ‘Pandemic Fight’. The ‘Interventional Equation’ also disposes the ‘Total COVID-19 Cases (T) and Deaths (t)’, ‘Specific Dimensions-related COVID-19 Cases (A, B, C, D, W, X, Y) and Deaths (a, b, c, d, w, x, y)’ and ‘COVID-19-induced Non-COVID-19 Cases (Z) and Deaths (z)’ and is disposed hereunder:
1. T = A + B +C + D + W + X + Y + Z (For Total Cases (T) and Specific Dimensions-related Cases)
2. t= a + b + c + d + w + x + y + z (For Total Deaths (t) and Specific Dimensions-related Deaths)
This ‘Communication’ disposes the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Tragic Octad’ to assure that ALL Dimensions of the ‘Pandemic’ are addressed in mounting ‘Pandemic Interventions’ for a ‘Win’ in the ‘War’ against the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic! This is an ‘Appropriate Programmatic Pandemic Interventional Tool’!!
REFERENCES
1. Godlee F. COVID-19: Weathering the storm. BMJ 2020; 368:m1199 of 26th March 2020
2. Eregie CO. COVID Phenomenon: An innovative conceptual coinage in human development and sustainable development in the 21st Century. https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m1199/rr-17 of 9th April 2020
3. Godlee F. Racism: the other pandemic. BMJ 2020; 369:2303
4. Adebowale V, Rao M. Racism in medicine: why equality matters to everyone. BMJ 2020; 368:m530
5. Douglass C, Fyfe M, Lokugamage AU. Structural racism in society and the covid-19 ‘stress test’. https://blogs.bmj.com/2020/06/08/structural-racism-in-society-and-the-co... of 8th June 2020
6. Covid-19: PHE has failed ethnic minorities; leaders tell BMJ. BMJ 2020; 369:m2264
7. Kmietowicz Z. NHS launches Race and Health Observatory after BMJ’s call to end inequalities. BMJ 2020; 369:m2191
8. Eregie CO. COCID-19 and the quadruple-barrel tragedy: matters still evolving for the works. https://www.bmj.com/content/369/bmj.m2197/rr of 19th June 2020
9. Shen Z, Xiao Y, Kang L et al. Genomic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 in Coronavirus Disease 2019 patients. Clin Inf Dis. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa203 of 9th March 2020
10. Ji W, Wang W, Zhao X, Zai J, Li X. Cross-species transmission of the newly identified coronavirus 2019-nCoV. J Med Virol 2020; 92:433-440
11. Eregie C.O. COVID-19 Pandemic: The difficult unresolved increasing challenges in weathering the storm. https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m1199/rr-10 of 31st March 2020
12. Barro R, Ursua J, Weng J. Coronavirus and the lessons we can learn from the 1918-1920 Great Influenza Pandemic. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/03/coronavirus-great-influenza-pande... of 23rd March 2020
13. Eregie C.O. COVID-19 Pandemic: Still on the difficult unresolved increasing challenges in weathering the storm. https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m1199/rr-13 of 2nd April 2020
14. Eregie C.O. COVID-19 Pandemic: Further perspectives on the difficult unresolved increasing challenges in weathering the storm. https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m1199/rr-16 of 5th April 2020
15. Mask WebMD. Coronavirus Face Masks: What You Should Know. https://www.webmd.com/lung/coronavirus-face-masks of 18th May 2020
16. Eregie C.O. COVID-19 Pandemic and face mask use: Limitless matters for extant conversation. https://www.bmj.com/content/369/bmj.m2030/rr-0 of 11th June 2020
17. Schroter RC. Social distancing for covid-19: is 2 meters far enough? BMJ 2020; 369:m2010
18. Eregie CO. COVID-19 and social distancing: more work in the works to be there. https://www.bmj.com/content/369/bmj.m2010/rr-1 of 12th June 2020
19. Clinical Trials.gov. History of changes for study. NCT04280705, 1 May 2020. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/history/NCT04280705?A=10&B=15&C=Side-by-S....
20. Glasziou PP, Sanders S, Hoffmann T. Waste in covid-19 research. BMJ 2020; 369:m1847
21. Eregie CO. COVID-19 Pandemic: The multifaceted picture of compromised COVID-19 research and the ‘COVID Phenomenon’. https://www.bmj.com/content/369/bmj.m1847/rr-12 of 10th June 2020
22. Eregie CO. COVID-19 Pandemic Interventions: Lockdown is not lockout; avoid interventional precocity with easing lockdowns. https://www.bmj.com/content/369/bmj.m2202/rr-4 of 14th June 2020
23. Koltar B. Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic, We Must Remember Maternal Health-Maternal Health Task Force. https://www.mhtf.org/2020/04/18/amidst-the-covid-19-pandemic-we-must-rem...
24. Krubiner C, Keller MD, Kaufman J. Balancing the COVID-19 Response with Wider Health Needs: Key Decision-Making Considerations for Low- and Middle-Income Countries. https://reliefweb.int/report/world/balancing-covid-19-response-wider-hea...
Professor Charles Osayande Eregie,
MBBS, FWACP, FMCPaed, FRCPCH (UK), Cert. ORT (Oxford), MSc (Religious Education),
Professor of Child Health and Neonatology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
Consultant Paediatrician and Neonatologist, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria.
UNICEF-Trained BFHI Master Trainer,
ICDC-Trained in Code Implementation,
*Technical Expert/ Consultant on the FMOH-UNICEF-NAFDAC Code Implementation Project in Nigeria.
*No Competing Interests.
Competing interests:
No competing interests
23 June 2020
CHARLES OSAYANDE EREGIE
MEDICAL DOCTOR
Professor of Child Health and Neonatology, University of Benin and Consultant Paediatrician and Neonatologist, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. Also, UNICEF-Trained BFHI Master Trainer and ICDC-Trained in Code Implementaion. Also a Technical Expert/ Consultant on FMOH-UNICEF-NAFDAC Project on Code Implementation in Nigeria
Institute of Child Health, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
Rapid Response:
COVID-19 Pandemic tragic octad: the evolving conceptual qualitative interventional equation to fight the pandemic
The ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’ is a ‘21st Century Enigma/ Unprecedented Ravaging Public Health Storm’ to be ‘Weathered for Our Common Humanity’ [1]! As a ‘Rapidly Dynamically Transmuting Scourge’, it readily excites ‘Interconnectedness’, as a ‘COVID Phenomenon’, with various ‘Human Existential-Developmental Possibilities’ [2]!! The ‘On-going George Floyd’-induced ‘Global Black Lives Matter Movement’ amplifies ‘Racism’ in several aspects of ‘Human Existential-Developmental Realities’!! Ipso facto, ‘Racism’ is another ‘COVID Phenomenon’ [2]!! Indeed, the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’ and ‘Racism’ are both ‘COVID Phenomena’ and are ‘Intertwined Dyadic Unprecedented Human Devastations’!!! Beyond the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’, ‘Racism’, ‘The Other Pandemic’, is ‘Another 21st Century Pandemic’ [3]; ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’ cannot be tackled without tackling ‘Racism’: Both are ‘COVID Phenomena’-‘Intricately Intertwined’!!!
With the WHO Definitions of Health (1948, 1984), ‘Health’ and ‘Holism’ are amplified for appreciating ‘Global Holistic Health’ for ALL Peoples so that ‘What Affects ONE Affects ALL’! Any ‘Discrimination-Non-Inclusiveness’ against any ‘Segment of Humanity’ implies compromised ‘Global Holistic Health; ‘Ethnic Minorities Issues’ are, therefore, the ‘Arrowheads’ of ‘Global Mass Movements’ against ‘Racism’ in the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Era’!! Indeed, ‘Racism in Medicine’ was the ‘BMJ Special Issue Conversational Thrust’ with a highlighted ‘Case-in-Point’ [4]: ‘Why Equality Matters to Everyone’ in the ‘Racism in Medicine Conversation’!!!
For ‘Programmatic Interventional Expedience’ in the ‘Global Fight’ against the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’, ‘Racism’ is a ‘Public Health Problem’ and ‘Ethnic Minorities’ are located at the ‘Centre’ of the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’[5]! It is apposite to regard ‘Racism’ as ‘Structural/ Systemic Societal Anomaly’! The Public Health England (PHE) has, in fact, been criticized for not amplifying the ‘Determinant Role and Importance’ of ‘Racism’ in its Report on the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’ [6]!! The ‘BMJ Special Issue’ induced the ‘NHS Response’: ‘Launched Race and Health Observatory’ [7]!! It needs to be re-emphasized that to successfully ‘Fight’ the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’, ‘Racism’ MUST be in ‘Inseparable Dyadic Intertwining’ with the ‘Pandemic’!! Thus, the current ‘Communication’ disposes the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Tragic Octad’ and the ‘Conceptual Qualitative Interventional Equation’ to assure ALL ‘Pandemic Dimensions’ are addressed in envisioned ‘Pandemic Interventions’!!!
A previous ‘Communication’ exposed the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Quadruple-barrel Tragedy’ disposing ALL Four Dimensions that MUST be addressed in the ‘Pandemic Fight’ [8]! As the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’ is ‘Rapidly Dynamically Transmuting’ in ‘Various Dimensions’, the ‘Quadruple-barrel Tragedy’ is rapidly transformed to the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Tragic Octad’ disposing the ‘EIGHT Dimensions’ that MUST be similarly addressed!! A ‘Tantalizing Teaser’ will be disposed to amplify the ‘Determinant Role and Importance’ of each of the ‘Eight Dimensions’ in the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Tragic Octad’:
1. SARS-CoV-2 Peculiarities (A, a): The peculiar ‘Unprecedented Rapidly Dynamically Transmuting Novel Coronavirus’, ‘SARS-CoV-2’, was ventilated in previous ‘Communications’ [9-11]! There are ‘Issues’ of ‘Nomenclatural Exactitude’ for the ‘Novel Coronavirus’ and, with ‘Encapsulating Politics’, have implications for ‘Successful Impactful Interventions’ against the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’. Being a ‘Novel Virus’ means there is no ‘Human Immunity’! Other ‘Issues’ are the ‘Origin’, ‘Natural Biological Agent’/ ‘Human Biological or Economic Terrorism Agent’, ‘Genomic Diversity’, ‘Viral Recombination Capacity’, ‘Lethality’, ‘Transmissibility’, ‘Droplet/ Aerosol-mediated Transmission’, ‘Vaccine Production Diversity Challenges’ etc have posited ‘Interventional Difficulties’ in the ‘Pandemic Fight’ [9-11]!!
2. COVID-19 Pandemic (B, b): The ‘Interventional Difficulties’ encountered with the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Fight’ were disposed in previous ‘Communications’ and MUST be addressed in successfully ‘Weathering the Storm’ [1, 12-14]! The peculiar ‘Pandemic Challenges’ include, among others: Analytics, Diagnostics, Therapeutics, Holistics, Changing Manifestations, Differential Population Susceptibilities, Face Masks Use Controversy, Optimal Social Distancing Requirement etc [15-18]!!
3. COVID-19 Infodemic (C, c): With ‘Appropriate Information’, People are empowered to ‘Take Right Decisions’ and ‘Facilitated to Effect Desired Actions’. In contradistinction, the ‘COVID-19 Infodemic’ constitutes ‘Misinformation Pandemic’ that MUST be aggressively countered in the ‘Pandemic Fight’ [12,13]
4. COVID-19 Research Waste (D, d): The ‘Rapidly Dynamically Transmuting Pandemic Specifics’ engender a ‘Deluge of COVID-19 Research’ but, with the ‘Compromised Foundational Pillars/ Principles’ of ‘Research and Data Governance’, dispose ‘Poor Quality Research Output’: ‘COVID-19 Research Waste’ [19-21]! This MUST be addressed in the ‘Pandemic Interventions’!!
5. COVID-19 Pandemic Interventional Precocity in Easing Lockdowns (W, w): In a previous ‘Communication’22, the ‘Disastrous Implications’ of ‘Precocious Easing of Lockdowns’ were explicitly ventilated and are inimical in the ‘Pandemic Fight’!
6. COVID-19 Pandemic Racial Disparities and Other Population Diversity-related Inequalities-Inequities (X, x): The ‘Raging Devastating Storm’ of ‘Racism’ is obvious from previous ‘Communications’ [3-7]! ‘Racial Disparities’ are implicated in the ‘COVID-19 Susceptibilities’, ‘Disease Severity’, ‘Critical Care Prioritization’, ‘COVID-19 Deaths’ etc!! Other ‘Population Diversity’-related Disparities are ‘Age’, ’Sex’, ‘Pre-Existing Medical Conditions’, ‘Economic Status’ etc and MUST be appropriately addressed!!
7. COVID-19 Pandemic Containment-Mitigation Measures Compliance (Y, y): The general level of compliance with the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Containment-Mitigation Measures’ has implications for the ‘Pandemic Fight’! With ‘Politically-motivated Non-Compliance’, the ‘COVID-19 Epidemic Curves’ are being distorted globally with ‘Surges’, ‘Resurgences’ and ‘Failure to Flatten the Curves’ etc!! For ‘Weathering the Storm’, COMPLIANCE with the ‘Containment-Mitigation Measures’ is a Sine Qua Non!!
8. COVID-19 Pandemic-induced Non-COVID-19 Cases Neglect (Z, z): The mandatory forced attention to ‘COVID-19 Pandemic’ implies ‘Less Attention and Care’ for ‘Non-COVID-19 Cases’ with the POTENTIALITY for ‘Surges’ and ‘Resurgences’ of the ‘Other Morbidities’ [23,24]! This MUST be addressed in the overall ‘Population Holistic Health’ in the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Era’!!
The ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Tragic Octad’ is amplified in the ‘Conceptual Qualitative Interventional Equation’ evolved to dispose the ‘Pandemic Dimensions’ that MUST be addressed in the ‘Pandemic Fight’. The ‘Interventional Equation’ also disposes the ‘Total COVID-19 Cases (T) and Deaths (t)’, ‘Specific Dimensions-related COVID-19 Cases (A, B, C, D, W, X, Y) and Deaths (a, b, c, d, w, x, y)’ and ‘COVID-19-induced Non-COVID-19 Cases (Z) and Deaths (z)’ and is disposed hereunder:
1. T = A + B +C + D + W + X + Y + Z (For Total Cases (T) and Specific Dimensions-related Cases)
2. t= a + b + c + d + w + x + y + z (For Total Deaths (t) and Specific Dimensions-related Deaths)
This ‘Communication’ disposes the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic Tragic Octad’ to assure that ALL Dimensions of the ‘Pandemic’ are addressed in mounting ‘Pandemic Interventions’ for a ‘Win’ in the ‘War’ against the ‘COVID-19 Pandemic! This is an ‘Appropriate Programmatic Pandemic Interventional Tool’!!
REFERENCES
1. Godlee F. COVID-19: Weathering the storm. BMJ 2020; 368:m1199 of 26th March 2020
2. Eregie CO. COVID Phenomenon: An innovative conceptual coinage in human development and sustainable development in the 21st Century. https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m1199/rr-17 of 9th April 2020
3. Godlee F. Racism: the other pandemic. BMJ 2020; 369:2303
4. Adebowale V, Rao M. Racism in medicine: why equality matters to everyone. BMJ 2020; 368:m530
5. Douglass C, Fyfe M, Lokugamage AU. Structural racism in society and the covid-19 ‘stress test’. https://blogs.bmj.com/2020/06/08/structural-racism-in-society-and-the-co... of 8th June 2020
6. Covid-19: PHE has failed ethnic minorities; leaders tell BMJ. BMJ 2020; 369:m2264
7. Kmietowicz Z. NHS launches Race and Health Observatory after BMJ’s call to end inequalities. BMJ 2020; 369:m2191
8. Eregie CO. COCID-19 and the quadruple-barrel tragedy: matters still evolving for the works. https://www.bmj.com/content/369/bmj.m2197/rr of 19th June 2020
9. Shen Z, Xiao Y, Kang L et al. Genomic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 in Coronavirus Disease 2019 patients. Clin Inf Dis. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa203 of 9th March 2020
10. Ji W, Wang W, Zhao X, Zai J, Li X. Cross-species transmission of the newly identified coronavirus 2019-nCoV. J Med Virol 2020; 92:433-440
11. Eregie C.O. COVID-19 Pandemic: The difficult unresolved increasing challenges in weathering the storm. https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m1199/rr-10 of 31st March 2020
12. Barro R, Ursua J, Weng J. Coronavirus and the lessons we can learn from the 1918-1920 Great Influenza Pandemic. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/03/coronavirus-great-influenza-pande... of 23rd March 2020
13. Eregie C.O. COVID-19 Pandemic: Still on the difficult unresolved increasing challenges in weathering the storm. https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m1199/rr-13 of 2nd April 2020
14. Eregie C.O. COVID-19 Pandemic: Further perspectives on the difficult unresolved increasing challenges in weathering the storm. https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m1199/rr-16 of 5th April 2020
15. Mask WebMD. Coronavirus Face Masks: What You Should Know. https://www.webmd.com/lung/coronavirus-face-masks of 18th May 2020
16. Eregie C.O. COVID-19 Pandemic and face mask use: Limitless matters for extant conversation. https://www.bmj.com/content/369/bmj.m2030/rr-0 of 11th June 2020
17. Schroter RC. Social distancing for covid-19: is 2 meters far enough? BMJ 2020; 369:m2010
18. Eregie CO. COVID-19 and social distancing: more work in the works to be there. https://www.bmj.com/content/369/bmj.m2010/rr-1 of 12th June 2020
19. Clinical Trials.gov. History of changes for study. NCT04280705, 1 May 2020. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/history/NCT04280705?A=10&B=15&C=Side-by-S....
20. Glasziou PP, Sanders S, Hoffmann T. Waste in covid-19 research. BMJ 2020; 369:m1847
21. Eregie CO. COVID-19 Pandemic: The multifaceted picture of compromised COVID-19 research and the ‘COVID Phenomenon’. https://www.bmj.com/content/369/bmj.m1847/rr-12 of 10th June 2020
22. Eregie CO. COVID-19 Pandemic Interventions: Lockdown is not lockout; avoid interventional precocity with easing lockdowns. https://www.bmj.com/content/369/bmj.m2202/rr-4 of 14th June 2020
23. Koltar B. Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic, We Must Remember Maternal Health-Maternal Health Task Force. https://www.mhtf.org/2020/04/18/amidst-the-covid-19-pandemic-we-must-rem...
24. Krubiner C, Keller MD, Kaufman J. Balancing the COVID-19 Response with Wider Health Needs: Key Decision-Making Considerations for Low- and Middle-Income Countries. https://reliefweb.int/report/world/balancing-covid-19-response-wider-hea...
Professor Charles Osayande Eregie,
MBBS, FWACP, FMCPaed, FRCPCH (UK), Cert. ORT (Oxford), MSc (Religious Education),
Professor of Child Health and Neonatology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
Consultant Paediatrician and Neonatologist, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria.
UNICEF-Trained BFHI Master Trainer,
ICDC-Trained in Code Implementation,
*Technical Expert/ Consultant on the FMOH-UNICEF-NAFDAC Code Implementation Project in Nigeria.
*No Competing Interests.
Competing interests: No competing interests