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Quality of care delivered by general internists in US hospitals who graduated from foreign versus US medical schools

BMJ 2017; 357 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/sbmj.j1453 (Published 31 May 2017) Cite this as: BMJ 2017;357:j1453
  1. Neil Chanchlani, specialist trainee in paediatrics
  1. Whittington Hospital NHS Trust

An observational study

The paper

“Quality of care delivered by general internists in US hospitals who graduated from foreign versus US medical schools: observational study” by Yusuke Tsugawa and colleagues. (BMJ 2017;356:j273)

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether patient outcomes differ between general internists who graduated from a medical school outside the United States and those who graduated from a US medical school.

Design—Observational study.

Setting—Medicare, USA.

Participants—20% national sample of data for Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged 65 years or older admitted to hospital with a medical condition in 2011-14 and treated by international or US medical graduates who were general internists. The study sample for mortality analysis included 1 215 490 admissions to the hospital treated by 44 227 general internists.

Main outcome measures—Patients’ 30 day mortality and readmission rates, and costs of care per hospital admission, with adjustment for patient and physician characteristics and hospital fixed effects (effectively comparing physicians within the same hospital). As a sensitivity analysis, we focused on physicians who specialise in the care of patients admitted to hospital (“hospitalists”), who typically work in shifts and whose patients are plausibly quasi-randomized based on the physicians’ work schedules.

Results—Compared with patients treated by US graduates, patients treated by international graduates had slightly more chronic conditions. After adjustment for patient and physician characteristics and hospital fixed effects, patients treated by international graduates had lower mortality (adjusted mortality 11.2% v 11.6%; adjusted odds ratio 0.95, 95% confidence interval 0.93 to 0.96; P<0.001) and slightly higher costs of care per admission (adjusted costs $1145 (£950; €1080) v $1098; adjusted difference $47, 95% confidence interval $39 to $55, P<0.001). Readmission rates did not differ between the two types of graduates. Similar differences in patient outcomes were observed among hospitalists. Differences in patient …

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