Striking off Dr Squiers from the GMC deprives patients of her invaluable contribution to developmental neuropathology. On the occasion of her appeal
On 21st March Dr Waney Squier, an internationally respected paediatric and perinatal neuropathologist who has published seminal work on hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (lack of oxygen in the brain) in neonates, was struck off by the GMC. She was found to have been dishonest in her dealing with cases in the Family Court. She was not reported to the GMC by any judge but by the National Policing Improvement Agency. We are concerned that the assessment of whether she was misquoting or misusing expert literature in this area in which there are genuine and significant differences of opinion amongst experts working in the field is extremely difficult, if not impossible. Dr Squier is appealing this judgement. Even if it is found to be true that her role as an expert witness in cases of Shaken Baby Syndrome was inadequate, surely the penalty for this should not be to strike her off the register, disregarding her expertise in the wider field of paediatric and perinatal neuropathology, in which very few people have her experience.
This action is depriving patients of her valuable diagnostic ability. We urge the GMC to reconsider its judgement.
Dr Irene Scheimberg Consultant Paediatric and Perinatal Pathologist, The Royal London Hospital, London UK (has acted as expert witness)
Prof. Peter Fleming, professor of Infant health and developmental physiology, Bristol. UK (has acted as expert witness)
Dr Miguel Reyes-Múgica, M.D. Marjory K. Harmer Endowed Chair in Pediatric Pathology Chief of Pathology and Head of Laboratories Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC Professor of Pathology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Editor-in-Chief Pediatric and Developmental Pathology
Dr Marta Cohen, Consultant Paediatric Pathologist, Sheffield Children’s Hospital UK
Sir Iain Chalmers, co founder of Cochrane collaboration
Prof J. Bruce Beckwith, Retired Pediatric Pathologist, Montana, USA
Dr Don B. Singer, MD, Professor Emeritus of Pathology, Brown University Providence, RI USA
Prof. Liliane Boccon-Gibod Hopital d'Enfants Armand Trousseau, Paris Paediatric Pathology Society Past President International Paediatric Pathology Association Past President
Dr Catherine Cullinane, Consultant Paediatric Pathologist, Leeds, UK
Dr Pauline Chou, Professor Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Dr Carlos A Galliani, Medical Director and Chief pathologist, Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, US
Dr Rita Alaggio, Histopathologist, Padova, Italy
Dr Helen Wainwright Consultant Perinatal pathologist, Groote Schuur hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
Prof. TP Dawson BSc(hons) MB BCh PhD FRCPath, Clinical Professor and Consultant in Neuropathology Lancashire Teaching Hospitals, Preston UK
Dr Maria Thom, Professor and Honorary Consultant in Neuropathology Depts. Neuropathology and Clinical& Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London UK
Dr Esin Kotiloglu-Karaa Consultant Paediatric Pathologist Royal London Hospital, London, UK
Dr Isabel Colmenero Consultant Pediatric pathologist, Hospital del Niño Jesus, Madrid and Birmingham Children’s Hospital UK
Dr Ina Nicklaus-Wollenteit Consultant Paediatric Histopathologist Birmingham Children’s Hospital UK
Dr Cesar Peres Consultant Paediatric Pathologist, Sheffield Children’s Hospital UK
Dr Samantha Holden, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
Dr Srinivas Annavarapu, Consultant perinatal Pathologist, Newcastle, UK
Dr Chitra Sethuraman, Manchester Children’s Hospital, UK
Dr Jens Stahlschmidt, Consultant Paediatric Pathologist, Leeds, UK
Dr Caroline Gannon MA, Consultant Paediatric Pathologist, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
Dr David O’Neil, Consultant Paediatric Pathologist, Nottingham, UK
Dr Tamas Marton, consultant perinatal pathologist, Birmingham, UK
Dr Beata Hargitai, consultant perinatal pathologist, Birmingham, UK
Dr Kerry Turner, Consultant Paediatric Pathologist, Leeds, UK
Dr Clair Evans, Consultant Paediatric pathologist, Glasgow children’s Hospital. Scotland UK
Dr Mudher Al-Adnani, Consultant Paediatric pathologist, St Thomas Hospital, London, UK
Dr Colene Bowker, Consultant Paediatric Pathologist, Oxford, UK
Dr Margaret Evans Consultant Perinatal Pathologist, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Scotland, UK
Dr Andree Coetzee, FRCPath, Sheffield, UK
Dr Philip Cox, Consultant Perinatal Pathologist, Birmingham UK
Dr Andrea Nemeth, Professor of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, UK
Professor Ilana Ariel Head, Perinatal Pathology Unit Department of Pathology Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center and Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
Dr Paula Borralho, Histopathology, Lisbon, Portugal
Dr Vijay V Joshi, MD, PhD, FRCPath. Freelance Consultant in Pediatric Pathology USA
Dr Mariana Cajaiba MD, Assistant Professor Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, IL USA
Dr Alba Greco, Clinical Professor Pediatric Pathology, NY, USA
Dr Edna M Quintero C Patóloga Pediatra. Bogotá, Colombia
Dr María T G de Davila Consultant Pathologist Garrahan Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Dra. Yolanda Rocío Peña Alonso, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos D. F. Mexico
Dr Beatriz de León-Bojorge, MD Anatomopatóloga Ciudad de México, México
Dr David Grynspan, Consultant Paediatric Pathologist, Canada
Dr Nicole Graf, Head of Histopathology, The Children’s Hospital, Sydney NSW, Australia
Dr Susan Arbuckle, Consultant Histopathologist, The Children’s Hospital, Sydney NSW, Australia
Dr Derek De Sa, Retired Paediatric Pathologist, Vancouver, Canada
Dr Niels Graem, paediatric Pathologist, Righospitalet, Denmark
Dr Charlotte Mechler, Necker Infants Malads Hospital, Paris. France
Dr Yee Khong, Professor, Department of Pathology, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
Dr Dafydd G. Thomas, Department of Pathology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Dr Jeff Bonadio, Medical Director, Perinatal Pathology Sand Diego, CA. USA
Dr Carolyn M Salafia MD MS, Institute for Basic research, Staten Island, NY, USA
Dr Kelley Capocelli Medical Director of Anatomic Pathology and Pediatric Pathologist, Children’s Hospital Colorado, USA
Prof. Dr. med Annette Müller Head of Center of Pediatric Pathology, University Clinic Bonn, Germany
Dr Jill Lipsett, Consultant Pathologist, head of Service, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
Dr Diane Payton, Senior Anatomical Pathologist, Royal Brisbane and Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
Dr Nicholas Manton, Consultant Pathologist, North Adelaide, Australia
Dr Camelia Stefanovici, Consultant Pathologist, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Dr Jeff Goldstein, Chief of Clinical Pediatric Pathology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Dr Ona M Faye-Petersen, Professor of Pathology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Birmingham Alabama, USA
Professor Seth Love, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Paula Borralho Nunes, President of Portuguese Society of Pathology, Professor of Pathology, FMUL, ESTEsL
Sanjay M Sisodiya MA PhD FRCP FRCPE Professor of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
Prof Ronald O C Kaschula, A past president of International Paedaitric Pathology Association. A past president of Paediatric pathology Society. A past vice president of International Academy of Pathology
Dr Anastasia Konstantinidou, Perinatal pathologist and Associate Professor of Pathology, Athens, Greece
Dr Fausto Rodriguez, Associate professor of pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA
Dr Benjamin Jacobs, Consultant Paediatrician , Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, UK
Dr Claire Blesing, Consultant Clinical Oncologist, Oxford, UK
Dr Astrid Petersen, Consultant Pathologist, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark
Dr Eduardo Zambrano, Vice Chair of Pediatric Pathology Stanford University, CA, USA
Professor Philip Batman Consultant Pathologist (Retired)
Dr A S Knisely, Consultant in Histopathology, Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital, London (ret’d); at present, Institut für Pathologie, Medizinische Universitát Graz, Graz, Austria
Dr Zsuzsanna Nagy, Senior Lecturer College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
Ian Scott, Consultant Neuropathologist, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, UK
Dr Rosalind King, Dept. of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
Dr Andrew Dean, neuropathologist, Cambridge Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, UK
Dr Caroline Sewry, Professor of Muscular Pathology, Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, GOSH, London UK
Dominic G O'Donovan MBChB, FRCPath, Consultant Neuropathologist Addenbrooks Hospital, Cambridge UK
Dr Svetlana Galitzine, Consultant Anaesthetist, Oxford, UK
Dr Malcolm Galloway, Consultant neuropathologist University College Hospitals London and the Royal Free Hospitals, London UK
Dr Jennian Geddes MB BS, MA, FRCPath Retired Reader in Clinical Neuropathology, Queen Mary, University of London (has acted as expert witness)
Dr Carol McGuinness FRCA, Retired Consultant Anesthetist, oxford UK
Dr Rachel Phillips Consultant Radiologist, The Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, UK
Dr David A. Ramsay MB ChB, DPhil (Oxon), FRCPC, FRCPath, MRCP (UK) Neuropathologist, Department of Pathology, University Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre (has acted as expert witness)
Dr Catherine Fallet-Bianco, Neuropathologist, CHU Sainte Justine, Montreal, Canada
Dr Patrick Shannon FRCPC Neuropathology, Perinatal pathologist, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Dr Clayton A. Wiley, Professor of Pathology, Director of Neuropathology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Dr Charles Duyckaerts, Laboratoire de Neuropathologie, Hôpital de La Salpêtrière, Paris, France
Dr Roland Auer, Neuropathologist, Saskatchewan, Canada
Dr Eva Løbner Lund, Consultant Neuropathologist, Righospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Dr Marta C. Jones, Chief Neuropathology Unit, Children’s Hospital. La Plata. Argentina
Dr Jan E. Leestma, MD, neuropathologist USA (has acted as expert witness)
Dr Isidro Ferrer, Professor of Neuropathology, University of Barcelona, Spain
Dr Herbert Budka MD, neuropathologist Consultant University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland and Professor and Institute Director, ret Medical University Viena, Austria
Dr Rohini Rattihalli, Paediatric neurology Registrar
Prof. John B P Stephenson Rtd, founder member BPNA, Consultant Paediatric Neurologist Emeritus, Royal hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, UK
Dr Karen Pysden, consultant Paediatric Neurologist, Leed General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
Dr Tony McShane, Consultant paediatric Neurologist, Children’s Hospital Oxford, UK
Dr Jean-Pierre Lin, Consultant Paediatric Neurologist, Evelina Children’s Hospital, London UK
Dr Peggy Frith Retired Consultant Ophthalmologist, Oxford, UK
Dr Dora Steel, Paediatric Registrar
Dr Heinz Jungbluth, Consultant Paediatric Neurologist, St Thomas Hospital London UK
Dr Anirban Majumdar, Consultant Paediatric neurologist, Bristol Royal Children’s Hospital, Bristol UK
Dr Evangeline Wassmer Consultant Paediatric Neurologist, Birmingham Children Hospital, Birmingham UK
Dr Karen Horridge, Consultant Paediatrician (Disability), Sunderland Royal Hospital, Sunderland UK
Dr Richard Newton, Honorary Consultant Paediatric neurologist, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester UK
Dr Lewis Rosenbloom, Consultant Paediatric Neurologist, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Liverpool, UK
Dr David Webb, Consultant Paediatric neurologist, Our Lady’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
Dr Christopher Verity, Consultant Paediatric Neurologist, Addenbrooks Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Dr Rajeeva Singh, Consultant Paediatrician, Mid Yorkshore Hospitals, UK
Dr Paul Carter, Consultant Paediatrician (Community)
Dr Frances Cowan Hon. Senior Lecturer In Perinatal Neurology, Imperial college, London, UK
Dr Jiayi Leow, ST4 Paediatrics
Prof Paola Domizio, Senior Lecturer and Consultant Pathologist, London, UK
Dr Deirdre Ryan, Consultant Pathologist, London, UK
Dr Luis Beltran, consultant pathologist, London, UK
Dr Hasan Rizvi, Consultant Histopathologist Royal London Hospital, London, UK
Dr Marie Calaminici Consultant Histopathologist Royal London Hospital, London, UK
Dr Andrzej Karmolinski, Consultant Histopathologist, Taunton & Somerset NHS Trust UK
Dr Michael Sheaff Consultant Histopathologist Royal London Hospital, London, UK
Dr Daniel Berney, Consultant Histopathologist Royal London Hospital, London, UK
Dr John Nottingham, Retired Histopathologist, Northamptonshire, UK
Dr Peter Millard Consultant Histopathologist (Rtd), John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
Dr Mary Anthony, Retired Consultant Neonatologist, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford UK
Dr Rupert McShane, Consultant Psychiatrist, Oxford, UK
Dr David Davies, Retired Consultant Histopathologist, Oxford, UK
Dr Peter Gonda, Consultant Pathologist, University Hospital Southampton, Portsmouth, UK
Dr Patrick E. Lantz, MD Professor of Pathology Winston Salem, NC, USA
Dr Douglas Smith Professor of Pathology at the University of Michigan until 2009, USA
Dr John Plunkett Diplomate, American Board of Pathology in Anatomic, Clinical, and Forensic Pathology, Welch, MN USA. (has acted as expert witness)
Dr James T. Eastman, MD, FCAP Retired, Honorary Fellow Dept. of Pathology and Lab Medicine University of Wisconsin – Madison WI USA
Dr Charles J. Hyman, MD General and Forensic Pediatrics (has acted as expert witness)
Dr George R Nichols, MD, consulting forensic pathologist and retired Chief Medical Examiner (has acted as expert witness)
Dr Edward N Willey, MD Independent Consultant in Forensic medicine (has acted as expert witness)
Dr Dimitri L. Contostavlos, M.B. B.Ch. Retired forensic pathologist, medical examiner (Dade County Florida, Philadelphia Pennsylvania, USA (has acted as expert witness)
Dr Steven C. Gabaeff, MD, FAAEM, FACEP, AMAAFS Clinical Forensic Medicine Diplomat Emeritus American Board of Emergency Medicine Fellow of the American Academy of Emergency Medicine Fellow of the American College of Emergency Physicians Associate Member the American Academy of Forensic Sciences
Dr Janice Ophoven, Forensic pathologist, MN, USA (has acted as expert witness)
Dr Ronald Wright, Forensic Pathologist, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA (has acted as expert witness)
Dr David Fowler, Forensic Pathologist and Chief Medical Examiner, Baltimore, MD USA(has acted as expert witness)
Dr Charles M Harvey, MD Forensic Pathology Consultant Boerne, Texas US (has acted as expert witness)
Dr Shaku Teas, Forensic Pathologist, River Islands, Illinois, USA (has acted as expert witness)
Dr Robert H. Garman, President Consultants in Veterinary Pathology, Murrysville, PA, USA
Dr Thomas L Bohan, PhD, JD President 2015-2017 Forensic Specialties Accreditation Board President 2009-2010 American Academy of Forensic Sciences USA (has acted as expert witness)
Dr John D. Lloyd, PhD., CPE, CBIS Director of Traumatic Brain Injury Research Lab, James A. Haley Veterans’ Hospital, Tampa, FL (retired) Assistant Professor, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida College of Engineering, Tampa, FL Research Director, BRAINS Inc., San Antonio, FL USA (has acted as expert witness)
Dr Denson G. Fujiokawa, Clinical Professor of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Dr Anne Nesbitt, Retired Consultant Community paediatrician, London UK
Prof Sufin Yap, Consultant Paediatrician in Metabolic Medicine, Sheffield Children’s Hospital, Sheffield, UK
Dr Joanna Garstang, Consultant Community Paediatrician, Honorary Clinical Associate Professor Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK
Dr Helen Salisbury, GP and Honoarary Clinical Senior Lecturer, Nuffield Department of Primary Care health Science, Oxford, UK
Dr Stephen Kempley, Consultant Neonatologist, London, UK
Dr Lina Davidsson MD, Specialist GM and Nephrology. Stockholm Sweden
Prof. Peter Blair, Reader in Medical Statistics, University of Bristol, UK
Dr Marvin Miller, MD Dayton Children's Department of Medical Genetics Dayton, Ohio (has acted as expert witness)
Dr David Ayoub, MD Clinical Radiologists, SC, Springfield, Illinois USA (has acted as expert witness)
Dr John Galaznik, M.D., FAAP Pediatrician, USA (has acted as expert witness)
Dr Joseph Scheller Child neurologist Baltimore MD USA (has acted as expert witness)
Dr Yevgeniy Trufanov, Associate Professor Department of Neurology, Kiev, Ukraine
Dr Horace B Gardner MD Ophthalmologist (retired) USA (has acted as expert witness)
Dr Göran Högberg MD PhD Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist. Sweden
Dr Elizabeth Shanson, Retired Microbiologist UK
Dr Ulf Högberg, MD, PhD, Senior Professor in obstetrics and gynecology Uppsala, Sweden
Dr Stephen Watkins, Stockport, UK
Dr Philip Lingard, GP, London UK
Dr David Shlugman, UK
Dr Helena McKeown FRCGP, GP partner, The Three Swans Surgery, Salisbury
Dr Pam Wortley, Retired GP, Sunderland UK
Elisa Groff Forensic Anthropologist, Exeter, UK
David Weidner, Clinical Psychologist,
Dr Michael J Powers Barrister QC BSc MB BS DA FFFLM LLD (Hon)
Michael Mansfield Barrister QC London UK
Michael Turner Barrister QC London UK
Judy Khan Barrister QC, London UK
Peter Wilcock Barrister QC, London UK
Stephen Kamlish Barrister QC, London UK
Henry Blaxland Barrister QC, London UK
Rajiv Menon Barrister QC Garden Court, London UK
Ian Peddie Barrister QC Garden Court, London UK
Icah Peart QC, London UK
David Hislop QC Barrister London, UK
Marguerite Russell Barrister , London UK
Martin Hussein Barrister, London UK
Sean Horstead Barrister, London UK
Anya Lewis Barrister , London UK
Beth O'Reilly Barrister , London UK
James Mehigan Barrister, London UK
Abigail Bache, London UK
Nerida Harford-Bell Barrister, London UK
Michael House Barrister, London UK
Mark Gatley Barrister, London UK
Chris McWatters Garden Court, London UK
Sarah Forster Barrister, London UK
Christian Wasunna Barrister, London UK
Keir Monteith Barrister, London UK
Dinah Loeb Barrister, London UK
Rebekah Wilson Barrister, London UK
Sharon Love Barrister, London UK
Jo Cecil Barrister, London UK
Catherine Oborne Barrister, London UK
Alistair Polson Barrister London UK
Terry Mcguinness Barrister, London UK
Henry Drayton Barrister, London UK
Amina Ahmed Barrister, London UK
Stephen Lue Barrister, London UK
Celia Graves Barrister London UK
Francis Cassidy Barrister, London UK
Kathy Thorne, Barrister, London UK
Charles Charalambous, Solicitor, London, UK
William Bache, Solicitor London UK
Sarah Panizzo, Solicitor London UK
Claire Richards, ex member of RCPath Lay Advisory Committee
Clive-Stafford Smith, Director Reprieve, Louisiana, USA
Linda Starr Clinical Professor of Law and Legal Director Northern California Innocence Project at Santa Clara University School of Law Santa Clara, CA USA
Keith A Findley Assistant Professor Co-Director, Wisconsin Innocence Project, University of Wisconsin Law School, Madison, WI USA
Adele Bernhard Adjunct Professor and Supervising Attorney New York Law School Post-Conviction Innocence Clinic
Barry Schek Professor of Law, Cardozo School of law, Co-director Innocence Project, NY, USA
Julie Jonas, Legal Director Minnesota Innocence Project St. Paul, MN 55104
David Hirsch, Lawyer New Hampshire NH USA
Paige Kaneb Northern California Innocence Project, CA USA
Valena Beety Associate Professor, West Virginia University College of Law, VI USA
Maddy deLone, Executive Director, Innocence Project, NY, USA
Peter J Neufeld, Co-Director Innocence Project, NY, USA
Doug Olson Assistant Federal Defender District of Minnesota USA
Tucker Carrington, Director George C. Cochran Innocence Project University of Mississippi School of Law USA
M. Chris Fabricant, director Strategic Litigation, Innocence Project New York, USA
Katherine Judson SBS/AHT Litigation Coordinator Wisconsin Innocence Project, WI USA
Marna M. Lake Attorney at law Colorado, USA
Bill Oberly Executive Director Alaska Innocence Project, USAQ
Aaron Meyer Law Laguna Hills, California, USA
Ulf Davidsson, System developer, Sweden
Darah Roland, Lawyer Texas, USA
Sarah Port, KPT Solicitors, Bridgend, UK
Sarah Pope, Albion Chambers, Bristol UK
Margaret Gardener, Director False allegations support, UK
Michael Nott LLB GDLP Lawyer Katoomba NSW, Australia
Charles Pragnell, Executive Chairman, National Child Protection Alliance & National Council for Children Post-separation, Australia
Anthony J Sassan, lawyer, Crystal Lake, IL, USA
Bruce Anton, Innocence Project, TX, USA
Gary Udashen, Innocence Project, TXC, USA
Suranya Aiyar, Attorney, New Dehli, India
Jeffrey S Brown, Fierst, Kane & Bloomberg Lawyer, MA, USA
Jennifer Fitzgerald, Lawyer, Rhode Island, USA Attorney
Melissa Staas, Attorney, Family Defense Center, Chicago, IL, USA
David J. Lansner, Lansner & Kubitschek, New York, USA
Timothy J. Rensch, Rensch Law Rapid City, South Dakota USA
Russell Lane, consultant neurologist
Bergina Brickhouse
Zhongxue Hua, MD-PhD, Forensic Pathologist & Neuropathologist, New York, New York, USA
Sue Luttner
Dr. Michael Farrell FRCPI, FRCPath, FRCPC, Neuropathologist, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Republic of Ireland
Dr Ana Alarcon Allen PhD FRCPCH, Consultant Neonatologist, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
And 83 more signatories whose competing interests were not received at the time of posting.
Competing interests:
Some doctors act as expert witnesses in court. Some lawyers have defended people accused of shaking babies. See attached file for competing interests of authors.
07 October 2016
Irene Scheimberg
Paediatric Pathologist
Prof. Peter Fleming, professor of Infant health and developmental physiology, Bristol, UK (has acted as expert witness); Dr Miguel Reyes-Múgica, M.D. Marjory K. Harmer Endowed Chair in Pediatric Pathology, Chief of Pathology and Head of Laboratories, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Professor of Pathology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Editor-in-Chief, Pediatric and Developmental Pathology; Dr Marta Cohen, Consultant Paediatric Pathologist, Sheffield Children’s Hospital, UK; Sir Iain Chalmers, co founder of Cochrane collaboration; Prof J. Bruce Beckwith, Retired Pediatric Pathologist, Montana, USA; Dr Don B. Singer, MD, Professor Emeritus of Pathology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; 247 others listed in the text; 83 more signatories
Rapid Response:
Striking off Dr Squiers from the GMC deprives patients of her invaluable contribution to developmental neuropathology. On the occasion of her appeal
On 21st March Dr Waney Squier, an internationally respected paediatric and perinatal neuropathologist who has published seminal work on hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (lack of oxygen in the brain) in neonates, was struck off by the GMC. She was found to have been dishonest in her dealing with cases in the Family Court. She was not reported to the GMC by any judge but by the National Policing Improvement Agency. We are concerned that the assessment of whether she was misquoting or misusing expert literature in this area in which there are genuine and significant differences of opinion amongst experts working in the field is extremely difficult, if not impossible. Dr Squier is appealing this judgement. Even if it is found to be true that her role as an expert witness in cases of Shaken Baby Syndrome was inadequate, surely the penalty for this should not be to strike her off the register, disregarding her expertise in the wider field of paediatric and perinatal neuropathology, in which very few people have her experience.
This action is depriving patients of her valuable diagnostic ability. We urge the GMC to reconsider its judgement.
Dr Irene Scheimberg Consultant Paediatric and Perinatal Pathologist, The Royal London Hospital, London UK (has acted as expert witness)
Prof. Peter Fleming, professor of Infant health and developmental physiology, Bristol. UK (has acted as expert witness)
Dr Miguel Reyes-Múgica, M.D. Marjory K. Harmer Endowed Chair in Pediatric Pathology Chief of Pathology and Head of Laboratories Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC Professor of Pathology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Editor-in-Chief Pediatric and Developmental Pathology
Dr Marta Cohen, Consultant Paediatric Pathologist, Sheffield Children’s Hospital UK
Sir Iain Chalmers, co founder of Cochrane collaboration
Prof J. Bruce Beckwith, Retired Pediatric Pathologist, Montana, USA
Dr Don B. Singer, MD, Professor Emeritus of Pathology, Brown University Providence, RI USA
Prof. Liliane Boccon-Gibod Hopital d'Enfants Armand Trousseau, Paris Paediatric Pathology Society Past President International Paediatric Pathology Association Past President
Dr Catherine Cullinane, Consultant Paediatric Pathologist, Leeds, UK
Dr Pauline Chou, Professor Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Dr Carlos A Galliani, Medical Director and Chief pathologist, Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, US
Dr Rita Alaggio, Histopathologist, Padova, Italy
Dr Helen Wainwright Consultant Perinatal pathologist, Groote Schuur hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
Prof. TP Dawson BSc(hons) MB BCh PhD FRCPath, Clinical Professor and Consultant in Neuropathology Lancashire Teaching Hospitals, Preston UK
Dr Maria Thom, Professor and Honorary Consultant in Neuropathology Depts. Neuropathology and Clinical& Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London UK
Dr Esin Kotiloglu-Karaa Consultant Paediatric Pathologist Royal London Hospital, London, UK
Dr Isabel Colmenero Consultant Pediatric pathologist, Hospital del Niño Jesus, Madrid and Birmingham Children’s Hospital UK
Dr Ina Nicklaus-Wollenteit Consultant Paediatric Histopathologist Birmingham Children’s Hospital UK
Dr Cesar Peres Consultant Paediatric Pathologist, Sheffield Children’s Hospital UK
Dr Samantha Holden, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
Dr Srinivas Annavarapu, Consultant perinatal Pathologist, Newcastle, UK
Dr Chitra Sethuraman, Manchester Children’s Hospital, UK
Dr Jens Stahlschmidt, Consultant Paediatric Pathologist, Leeds, UK
Dr Caroline Gannon MA, Consultant Paediatric Pathologist, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
Dr David O’Neil, Consultant Paediatric Pathologist, Nottingham, UK
Dr Tamas Marton, consultant perinatal pathologist, Birmingham, UK
Dr Beata Hargitai, consultant perinatal pathologist, Birmingham, UK
Dr Kerry Turner, Consultant Paediatric Pathologist, Leeds, UK
Dr Clair Evans, Consultant Paediatric pathologist, Glasgow children’s Hospital. Scotland UK
Dr Mudher Al-Adnani, Consultant Paediatric pathologist, St Thomas Hospital, London, UK
Dr Colene Bowker, Consultant Paediatric Pathologist, Oxford, UK
Dr Margaret Evans Consultant Perinatal Pathologist, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Scotland, UK
Dr Andree Coetzee, FRCPath, Sheffield, UK
Dr Philip Cox, Consultant Perinatal Pathologist, Birmingham UK
Dr Andrea Nemeth, Professor of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, UK
Professor Ilana Ariel Head, Perinatal Pathology Unit Department of Pathology Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center and Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
Dr Paula Borralho, Histopathology, Lisbon, Portugal
Dr Vijay V Joshi, MD, PhD, FRCPath. Freelance Consultant in Pediatric Pathology USA
Dr Mariana Cajaiba MD, Assistant Professor Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, IL USA
Dr Alba Greco, Clinical Professor Pediatric Pathology, NY, USA
Dr Edna M Quintero C Patóloga Pediatra. Bogotá, Colombia
Dr María T G de Davila Consultant Pathologist Garrahan Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Dra. Yolanda Rocío Peña Alonso, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos D. F. Mexico
Dr Beatriz de León-Bojorge, MD Anatomopatóloga Ciudad de México, México
Dr David Grynspan, Consultant Paediatric Pathologist, Canada
Dr Nicole Graf, Head of Histopathology, The Children’s Hospital, Sydney NSW, Australia
Dr Susan Arbuckle, Consultant Histopathologist, The Children’s Hospital, Sydney NSW, Australia
Dr Derek De Sa, Retired Paediatric Pathologist, Vancouver, Canada
Dr Niels Graem, paediatric Pathologist, Righospitalet, Denmark
Dr Charlotte Mechler, Necker Infants Malads Hospital, Paris. France
Dr Yee Khong, Professor, Department of Pathology, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
Dr Dafydd G. Thomas, Department of Pathology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Dr Jeff Bonadio, Medical Director, Perinatal Pathology Sand Diego, CA. USA
Dr Carolyn M Salafia MD MS, Institute for Basic research, Staten Island, NY, USA
Dr Kelley Capocelli Medical Director of Anatomic Pathology and Pediatric Pathologist, Children’s Hospital Colorado, USA
Prof. Dr. med Annette Müller Head of Center of Pediatric Pathology, University Clinic Bonn, Germany
Dr Jill Lipsett, Consultant Pathologist, head of Service, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
Dr Diane Payton, Senior Anatomical Pathologist, Royal Brisbane and Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
Dr Nicholas Manton, Consultant Pathologist, North Adelaide, Australia
Dr Camelia Stefanovici, Consultant Pathologist, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Dr Jeff Goldstein, Chief of Clinical Pediatric Pathology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Dr Ona M Faye-Petersen, Professor of Pathology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Birmingham Alabama, USA
Professor Seth Love, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Paula Borralho Nunes, President of Portuguese Society of Pathology, Professor of Pathology, FMUL, ESTEsL
Sanjay M Sisodiya MA PhD FRCP FRCPE Professor of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
Prof Ronald O C Kaschula, A past president of International Paedaitric Pathology Association. A past president of Paediatric pathology Society. A past vice president of International Academy of Pathology
Dr Anastasia Konstantinidou, Perinatal pathologist and Associate Professor of Pathology, Athens, Greece
Dr Fausto Rodriguez, Associate professor of pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA
Dr Benjamin Jacobs, Consultant Paediatrician , Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, UK
Dr Claire Blesing, Consultant Clinical Oncologist, Oxford, UK
Dr Astrid Petersen, Consultant Pathologist, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark
Dr Eduardo Zambrano, Vice Chair of Pediatric Pathology Stanford University, CA, USA
Professor Philip Batman Consultant Pathologist (Retired)
Dr A S Knisely, Consultant in Histopathology, Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital, London (ret’d); at present, Institut für Pathologie, Medizinische Universitát Graz, Graz, Austria
Dr Zsuzsanna Nagy, Senior Lecturer College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
Ian Scott, Consultant Neuropathologist, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, UK
Dr Rosalind King, Dept. of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
Dr Andrew Dean, neuropathologist, Cambridge Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, UK
Dr Caroline Sewry, Professor of Muscular Pathology, Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, GOSH, London UK
Dominic G O'Donovan MBChB, FRCPath, Consultant Neuropathologist Addenbrooks Hospital, Cambridge UK
Dr Svetlana Galitzine, Consultant Anaesthetist, Oxford, UK
Dr Malcolm Galloway, Consultant neuropathologist University College Hospitals London and the Royal Free Hospitals, London UK
Dr Jennian Geddes MB BS, MA, FRCPath Retired Reader in Clinical Neuropathology, Queen Mary, University of London (has acted as expert witness)
Dr Carol McGuinness FRCA, Retired Consultant Anesthetist, oxford UK
Dr Rachel Phillips Consultant Radiologist, The Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, UK
Dr David A. Ramsay MB ChB, DPhil (Oxon), FRCPC, FRCPath, MRCP (UK) Neuropathologist, Department of Pathology, University Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre (has acted as expert witness)
Dr Catherine Fallet-Bianco, Neuropathologist, CHU Sainte Justine, Montreal, Canada
Dr Patrick Shannon FRCPC Neuropathology, Perinatal pathologist, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Dr Clayton A. Wiley, Professor of Pathology, Director of Neuropathology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Dr Charles Duyckaerts, Laboratoire de Neuropathologie, Hôpital de La Salpêtrière, Paris, France
Dr Roland Auer, Neuropathologist, Saskatchewan, Canada
Dr Eva Løbner Lund, Consultant Neuropathologist, Righospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Dr Marta C. Jones, Chief Neuropathology Unit, Children’s Hospital. La Plata. Argentina
Dr Jan E. Leestma, MD, neuropathologist USA (has acted as expert witness)
Dr Isidro Ferrer, Professor of Neuropathology, University of Barcelona, Spain
Dr Herbert Budka MD, neuropathologist Consultant University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland and Professor and Institute Director, ret Medical University Viena, Austria
Dr Rohini Rattihalli, Paediatric neurology Registrar
Prof. John B P Stephenson Rtd, founder member BPNA, Consultant Paediatric Neurologist Emeritus, Royal hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, UK
Dr Karen Pysden, consultant Paediatric Neurologist, Leed General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
Dr Tony McShane, Consultant paediatric Neurologist, Children’s Hospital Oxford, UK
Dr Jean-Pierre Lin, Consultant Paediatric Neurologist, Evelina Children’s Hospital, London UK
Dr Peggy Frith Retired Consultant Ophthalmologist, Oxford, UK
Dr Dora Steel, Paediatric Registrar
Dr Heinz Jungbluth, Consultant Paediatric Neurologist, St Thomas Hospital London UK
Dr Anirban Majumdar, Consultant Paediatric neurologist, Bristol Royal Children’s Hospital, Bristol UK
Dr Evangeline Wassmer Consultant Paediatric Neurologist, Birmingham Children Hospital, Birmingham UK
Dr Karen Horridge, Consultant Paediatrician (Disability), Sunderland Royal Hospital, Sunderland UK
Dr Richard Newton, Honorary Consultant Paediatric neurologist, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester UK
Dr Lewis Rosenbloom, Consultant Paediatric Neurologist, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Liverpool, UK
Dr David Webb, Consultant Paediatric neurologist, Our Lady’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
Dr Christopher Verity, Consultant Paediatric Neurologist, Addenbrooks Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Dr Rajeeva Singh, Consultant Paediatrician, Mid Yorkshore Hospitals, UK
Dr Paul Carter, Consultant Paediatrician (Community)
Dr Frances Cowan Hon. Senior Lecturer In Perinatal Neurology, Imperial college, London, UK
Dr Jiayi Leow, ST4 Paediatrics
Prof Paola Domizio, Senior Lecturer and Consultant Pathologist, London, UK
Dr Deirdre Ryan, Consultant Pathologist, London, UK
Dr Luis Beltran, consultant pathologist, London, UK
Dr Hasan Rizvi, Consultant Histopathologist Royal London Hospital, London, UK
Dr Marie Calaminici Consultant Histopathologist Royal London Hospital, London, UK
Dr Andrzej Karmolinski, Consultant Histopathologist, Taunton & Somerset NHS Trust UK
Dr Michael Sheaff Consultant Histopathologist Royal London Hospital, London, UK
Dr Daniel Berney, Consultant Histopathologist Royal London Hospital, London, UK
Dr John Nottingham, Retired Histopathologist, Northamptonshire, UK
Dr Peter Millard Consultant Histopathologist (Rtd), John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
Dr Mary Anthony, Retired Consultant Neonatologist, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford UK
Dr Rupert McShane, Consultant Psychiatrist, Oxford, UK
Dr David Davies, Retired Consultant Histopathologist, Oxford, UK
Dr Peter Gonda, Consultant Pathologist, University Hospital Southampton, Portsmouth, UK
Dr Patrick E. Lantz, MD Professor of Pathology Winston Salem, NC, USA
Dr Douglas Smith Professor of Pathology at the University of Michigan until 2009, USA
Dr John Plunkett Diplomate, American Board of Pathology in Anatomic, Clinical, and Forensic Pathology, Welch, MN USA. (has acted as expert witness)
Dr James T. Eastman, MD, FCAP Retired, Honorary Fellow Dept. of Pathology and Lab Medicine University of Wisconsin – Madison WI USA
Dr Charles J. Hyman, MD General and Forensic Pediatrics (has acted as expert witness)
Dr George R Nichols, MD, consulting forensic pathologist and retired Chief Medical Examiner (has acted as expert witness)
Dr Edward N Willey, MD Independent Consultant in Forensic medicine (has acted as expert witness)
Dr Dimitri L. Contostavlos, M.B. B.Ch. Retired forensic pathologist, medical examiner (Dade County Florida, Philadelphia Pennsylvania, USA (has acted as expert witness)
Dr Steven C. Gabaeff, MD, FAAEM, FACEP, AMAAFS Clinical Forensic Medicine Diplomat Emeritus American Board of Emergency Medicine Fellow of the American Academy of Emergency Medicine Fellow of the American College of Emergency Physicians Associate Member the American Academy of Forensic Sciences
Dr Janice Ophoven, Forensic pathologist, MN, USA (has acted as expert witness)
Dr Ronald Wright, Forensic Pathologist, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA (has acted as expert witness)
Dr David Fowler, Forensic Pathologist and Chief Medical Examiner, Baltimore, MD USA(has acted as expert witness)
Dr Charles M Harvey, MD Forensic Pathology Consultant Boerne, Texas US (has acted as expert witness)
Dr Shaku Teas, Forensic Pathologist, River Islands, Illinois, USA (has acted as expert witness)
Dr Robert H. Garman, President Consultants in Veterinary Pathology, Murrysville, PA, USA
Dr Thomas L Bohan, PhD, JD President 2015-2017 Forensic Specialties Accreditation Board President 2009-2010 American Academy of Forensic Sciences USA (has acted as expert witness)
Dr John D. Lloyd, PhD., CPE, CBIS Director of Traumatic Brain Injury Research Lab, James A. Haley Veterans’ Hospital, Tampa, FL (retired) Assistant Professor, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida College of Engineering, Tampa, FL Research Director, BRAINS Inc., San Antonio, FL USA (has acted as expert witness)
Dr Denson G. Fujiokawa, Clinical Professor of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Dr Anne Nesbitt, Retired Consultant Community paediatrician, London UK
Prof Sufin Yap, Consultant Paediatrician in Metabolic Medicine, Sheffield Children’s Hospital, Sheffield, UK
Dr Joanna Garstang, Consultant Community Paediatrician, Honorary Clinical Associate Professor Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK
Dr Helen Salisbury, GP and Honoarary Clinical Senior Lecturer, Nuffield Department of Primary Care health Science, Oxford, UK
Dr Stephen Kempley, Consultant Neonatologist, London, UK
Dr Lina Davidsson MD, Specialist GM and Nephrology. Stockholm Sweden
Prof. Peter Blair, Reader in Medical Statistics, University of Bristol, UK
Dr Marvin Miller, MD Dayton Children's Department of Medical Genetics Dayton, Ohio (has acted as expert witness)
Dr David Ayoub, MD Clinical Radiologists, SC, Springfield, Illinois USA (has acted as expert witness)
Dr John Galaznik, M.D., FAAP Pediatrician, USA (has acted as expert witness)
Dr Joseph Scheller Child neurologist Baltimore MD USA (has acted as expert witness)
Dr Yevgeniy Trufanov, Associate Professor Department of Neurology, Kiev, Ukraine
Dr Horace B Gardner MD Ophthalmologist (retired) USA (has acted as expert witness)
Dr Göran Högberg MD PhD Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist. Sweden
Dr Elizabeth Shanson, Retired Microbiologist UK
Dr Ulf Högberg, MD, PhD, Senior Professor in obstetrics and gynecology Uppsala, Sweden
Dr Stephen Watkins, Stockport, UK
Dr Philip Lingard, GP, London UK
Dr David Shlugman, UK
Dr Helena McKeown FRCGP, GP partner, The Three Swans Surgery, Salisbury
Dr Pam Wortley, Retired GP, Sunderland UK
Elisa Groff Forensic Anthropologist, Exeter, UK
David Weidner, Clinical Psychologist,
Dr Michael J Powers Barrister QC BSc MB BS DA FFFLM LLD (Hon)
Michael Mansfield Barrister QC London UK
Michael Turner Barrister QC London UK
Judy Khan Barrister QC, London UK
Peter Wilcock Barrister QC, London UK
Stephen Kamlish Barrister QC, London UK
Henry Blaxland Barrister QC, London UK
Rajiv Menon Barrister QC Garden Court, London UK
Ian Peddie Barrister QC Garden Court, London UK
Icah Peart QC, London UK
David Hislop QC Barrister London, UK
Marguerite Russell Barrister , London UK
Martin Hussein Barrister, London UK
Sean Horstead Barrister, London UK
Anya Lewis Barrister , London UK
Beth O'Reilly Barrister , London UK
James Mehigan Barrister, London UK
Abigail Bache, London UK
Nerida Harford-Bell Barrister, London UK
Michael House Barrister, London UK
Mark Gatley Barrister, London UK
Chris McWatters Garden Court, London UK
Sarah Forster Barrister, London UK
Christian Wasunna Barrister, London UK
Keir Monteith Barrister, London UK
Dinah Loeb Barrister, London UK
Rebekah Wilson Barrister, London UK
Sharon Love Barrister, London UK
Jo Cecil Barrister, London UK
Catherine Oborne Barrister, London UK
Alistair Polson Barrister London UK
Terry Mcguinness Barrister, London UK
Henry Drayton Barrister, London UK
Amina Ahmed Barrister, London UK
Stephen Lue Barrister, London UK
Celia Graves Barrister London UK
Francis Cassidy Barrister, London UK
Kathy Thorne, Barrister, London UK
Charles Charalambous, Solicitor, London, UK
William Bache, Solicitor London UK
Sarah Panizzo, Solicitor London UK
Claire Richards, ex member of RCPath Lay Advisory Committee
Clive-Stafford Smith, Director Reprieve, Louisiana, USA
Linda Starr Clinical Professor of Law and Legal Director Northern California Innocence Project at Santa Clara University School of Law Santa Clara, CA USA
Keith A Findley Assistant Professor Co-Director, Wisconsin Innocence Project, University of Wisconsin Law School, Madison, WI USA
Adele Bernhard Adjunct Professor and Supervising Attorney New York Law School Post-Conviction Innocence Clinic
Barry Schek Professor of Law, Cardozo School of law, Co-director Innocence Project, NY, USA
Craig Trocino Director, Miami Law Innocence Clinic Coral Gables, FL 33146
Julie Jonas, Legal Director Minnesota Innocence Project St. Paul, MN 55104
David Hirsch, Lawyer New Hampshire NH USA
Paige Kaneb Northern California Innocence Project, CA USA
Valena Beety Associate Professor, West Virginia University College of Law, VI USA
Maddy deLone, Executive Director, Innocence Project, NY, USA
Peter J Neufeld, Co-Director Innocence Project, NY, USA
Doug Olson Assistant Federal Defender District of Minnesota USA
Tucker Carrington, Director George C. Cochran Innocence Project University of Mississippi School of Law USA
M. Chris Fabricant, director Strategic Litigation, Innocence Project New York, USA
Katherine Judson SBS/AHT Litigation Coordinator Wisconsin Innocence Project, WI USA
Marna M. Lake Attorney at law Colorado, USA
Bill Oberly Executive Director Alaska Innocence Project, USAQ
Aaron Meyer Law Laguna Hills, California, USA
Ulf Davidsson, System developer, Sweden
Darah Roland, Lawyer Texas, USA
Sarah Port, KPT Solicitors, Bridgend, UK
Sarah Pope, Albion Chambers, Bristol UK
Margaret Gardener, Director False allegations support, UK
Michael Nott LLB GDLP Lawyer Katoomba NSW, Australia
Charles Pragnell, Executive Chairman, National Child Protection Alliance & National Council for Children Post-separation, Australia
Anthony J Sassan, lawyer, Crystal Lake, IL, USA
Bruce Anton, Innocence Project, TX, USA
Gary Udashen, Innocence Project, TXC, USA
Suranya Aiyar, Attorney, New Dehli, India
Jeffrey S Brown, Fierst, Kane & Bloomberg Lawyer, MA, USA
Jennifer Fitzgerald, Lawyer, Rhode Island, USA Attorney
Melissa Staas, Attorney, Family Defense Center, Chicago, IL, USA
David J. Lansner, Lansner & Kubitschek, New York, USA
Timothy J. Rensch, Rensch Law Rapid City, South Dakota USA
Russell Lane, consultant neurologist
Bergina Brickhouse
Zhongxue Hua, MD-PhD, Forensic Pathologist & Neuropathologist, New York, New York, USA
Sue Luttner
Dr. Michael Farrell FRCPI, FRCPath, FRCPC, Neuropathologist, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Republic of Ireland
Dr Ana Alarcon Allen PhD FRCPCH, Consultant Neonatologist, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
And 83 more signatories whose competing interests were not received at the time of posting.
Competing interests: Some doctors act as expert witnesses in court. Some lawyers have defended people accused of shaking babies. See attached file for competing interests of authors.