Research Methods & Reporting
The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials
BMJ 2011; 343 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d5928 (Published 18 October 2011) Cite this as: BMJ 2011;343:d5928
Data supplement
Web Extra
Further details on the items included in risk assessment tool
Files in this Data Supplement:
Related articles
- Research Published: 13 March 2008; BMJ 336 doi:10.1136/bmj.39465.451748.AD
- Research Article Published: 17 October 1992; British Medical Journal 305 doi:10.1136/bmj.305.6859.913
- Education And Debate Published: 07 July 2001; BMJ 323 doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7303.42
- Analysis Published: 24 April 2008; BMJ 336 doi:10.1136/bmj.39489.470347.AD
- Research Published: 19 October 2009; BMJ 339 doi:10.1136/bmj.b4012
- Editor's Choice Published: 26 October 2011; BMJ 343 doi:10.1136/bmj.d6953
- Research Methods & Reporting Published: 03 January 2012; BMJ 344 doi:10.1136/bmj.d8013
- Research Published: 16 January 2013; BMJ 346 doi:10.1136/bmj.f55
- Research Published: 18 January 2013; BMJ 346 doi:10.1136/bmj.f185
- Research Published: 26 February 2013; BMJ 346 doi:10.1136/bmj.f540
- Research Published: 22 April 2013; BMJ 346 doi:10.1136/bmj.f1798
- Research Published: 24 April 2013; BMJ 346 doi:10.1136/bmj.f2304
- Research Published: 20 September 2013; BMJ 347 doi:10.1136/bmj.f5555
- Research Published: 17 October 2013; BMJ 347 doi:10.1136/bmj.f5980
- Research Published: 29 October 2013; BMJ 347 doi:10.1136/bmj.f6234
- Research Published: 04 December 2013; BMJ 347 doi:10.1136/bmj.f6471
- Research Published: 19 March 2014; BMJ 348 doi:10.1136/bmj.g1888
- Research Published: 01 April 2014; BMJ 348 doi:10.1136/bmj.g1903
- Research Published: 21 May 2014; BMJ 348 doi:10.1136/bmj.g3253
- Research Published: 22 July 2014; BMJ 349 doi:10.1136/bmj.g4561
- Research Methods & Reporting Published: 02 January 2015; BMJ 349 doi:10.1136/bmj.g7647
- Research Published: 06 March 2015; BMJ 350 doi:10.1136/bmj.h1088
- Research Published: 31 March 2015; BMJ 350 doi:10.1136/bmj.h1225
- Research Published: 03 June 2015; BMJ 350 doi:10.1136/bmj.h2538
- Research Published: 22 June 2015; BMJ 350 doi:10.1136/bmj.h3163
- Research Published: 21 July 2015; BMJ 351 doi:10.1136/bmj.h3576
- Research Published: 19 August 2015; BMJ 351 doi:10.1136/bmj.h4052
- Research Published: 21 April 2016; BMJ 353 doi:10.1136/bmj.i1777
- Research Published: 03 May 2016; BMJ 353 doi:10.1136/bmj.i2231
- Research Methods & Reporting Published: 20 July 2016; BMJ 354 doi:10.1136/bmj.i3507
- Research Methods & Reporting Published: 12 October 2016; BMJ 355 doi:10.1136/bmj.i4919
- ResearchAssociation of BCG, DTP, and measles containing vaccines with childhood mortality: systematic reviewPublished: 13 October 2016; BMJ 355 doi:10.1136/bmj.i5170
- Research Published: 01 December 2016; BMJ 355 doi:10.1136/bmj.i6112
- Research Published: 21 February 2018; BMJ 360 doi:10.1136/bmj.k504
- Research Methods & Reporting Published: 21 September 2017; BMJ 358 doi:10.1136/bmj.j4008
- Research Published: 14 March 2018; BMJ 360 doi:10.1136/bmj.k793
- Feature Published: 17 August 2018; BMJ 362 doi:10.1136/bmj.k3259
- Research Published: 05 September 2018; BMJ 362 doi:10.1136/bmj.k3519
- Research Published: 10 September 2018; BMJ 362 doi:10.1136/bmj.k3529
- Research Methods & Reporting Published: 28 September 2018; BMJ 362 doi:10.1136/bmj.k3802
- Research Published: 25 October 2018; BMJ 363 doi:10.1136/bmj.k4029
- Research Published: 06 November 2018; BMJ 363 doi:10.1136/bmj.k4388
- Research Published: 21 November 2018; BMJ 363 doi:10.1136/bmj.k4644
- Research Published: 28 November 2018; BMJ 363 doi:10.1136/bmj.k4738
- Research Published: 05 December 2018; BMJ 363 doi:10.1136/bmj.k4823
- Research Published: 30 January 2019; BMJ 364 doi:10.1136/bmj.l42
- Research Published: 28 November 2017; BMJ 359 doi:10.1136/bmj.j5058
- Research Published: 21 February 2019; BMJ 364 doi:10.1136/bmj.l352
- Research Published: 27 March 2019; BMJ 364 doi:10.1136/bmj.l1079
- Research Published: 05 June 2019; BMJ 365 doi:10.1136/bmj.l1842
- Research Published: 08 July 2019; BMJ 366 doi:10.1136/bmj.l4179
- Research Methods & Reporting Published: 28 August 2019; BMJ 366 doi:10.1136/bmj.l4898
- Research Published: 18 September 2019; BMJ 366 doi:10.1136/bmj.l5221
- Research Published: 21 January 2020; BMJ 368 doi:10.1136/bmj.l6802
- Research Published: 11 March 2020; BMJ 368 doi:10.1136/bmj.m540
- Research Published: 25 March 2020; BMJ 368 doi:10.1136/bmj.m689
- Research Published: 18 August 2020; BMJ 370 doi:10.1136/bmj.m2521
- Research Published: 13 January 2021; BMJ 372 doi:10.1136/bmj.m4573
- Research Published: 20 January 2021; BMJ 372 doi:10.1136/bmj.m4825
- Research Published: 10 February 2021; BMJ 372 doi:10.1136/bmj.n189
- Research Published: 24 March 2021; BMJ 372 doi:10.1136/bmj.n532
- Research Published: 28 April 2021; BMJ 373 doi:10.1136/bmj.n808
- Research Published: 08 July 2021; BMJ 374 doi:10.1136/bmj.n1446
- Research Published: 15 July 2021; BMJ 374 doi:10.1136/bmj.n1537
- Research Published: 09 September 2021; BMJ 374 doi:10.1136/bmj.n1034
- Research Published: 09 March 2022; BMJ 376 doi:10.1136/bmj-2021-066785
- Research Published: 06 July 2022; BMJ 378 doi:10.1136/bmj-2022-069722
- Research Published: 01 February 2023; BMJ 380 doi:10.1136/bmj-2022-072415
- Research Published: 29 March 2023; BMJ 380 doi:10.1136/bmj-2022-072003
See more
- Colombia’s government fractures under weight of radical health reformBMJ June 08, 2023, 381 p1315; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.p1315
- Ultraprocessed food: Report calls for action to reduce levels in infant and baby foodBMJ June 08, 2023, 381 p1318; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.p1318
- Covid-19: UK’s pandemic inquiry prepares to hear from witnessesBMJ June 08, 2023, 381 p1314; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.p1314
- England’s 10 000 “missing managers” are holding back the NHS, says think tankBMJ June 08, 2023, 381 p1313; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.p1313
- Dominic Kwiatkowski: paediatrician and far-sighted malaria researcherBMJ June 08, 2023, 381 p1305; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.p1305
Cited by...
- Reduction of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) after Bariatric Surgery in Obese Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Stakeholders views on an institutional dashboard with metrics for responsible research
- Blood biochemical parameters as predictors of disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients- an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
- An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mortality, Need for ICU admission, Use of Mechanical Ventilation, Adverse effects and other Clinical Outcomes of Ivermectin Treatment in COVID-19 Patients
- Development and presentation of an objective risk stratification tool for healthcare workers when dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK: risk modelling based on hospitalisation and mortality statistics compared with epidemiological data
- Can high-intensity interval training improve mental health outcomes in the general population and those with physical illnesses? A systematic review and meta-analysis
- Exploring the appropriate dose of nebulized hypertonic saline for bronchiolitis: a dose-response meta-analysis
- Corneal endothelial cell density loss following glaucoma surgery alone or in combination with cataract surgery: a systematic review protocol
- Potentially effective drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 or MIS-C in children: a systematic review
- Medical cannabis or cannabinoids for chronic non-cancer and cancer related pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials
- Impact of dietary nitrate supplementation on exercise capacity and cardiovascular parameters in chronic respiratory disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Risk of harm in synthetic and biological intervention trials in patients with inflammatory arthritis: protocol for a metaepidemiological study focusing on contextual factors
- Comparison of High-flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) and Conventional Oxygen Therapy in Obese Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
- Comparative efficacy of methods for surfactant administration: a network meta-analysis
- The authors respond:
- Effect of blood pressure lowering drugs and antibiotics on abdominal aortic aneurysm growth: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Effectiveness and perceptions of using templates in long-term condition reviews: a systematic synthesis of quantitative and qualitative studies
- Aerobic performance among healthy (non-asthmatic) adults using beta2-agonists: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
- Pancreatitis associated with azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine use in Crohns disease: a systematic review
- The efficacy and safety of bamlanivimab treatment against COVID-19: A meta-analysis
- Study on acupuncture in the treatment of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy based on rs-fMRI: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
- Issues postoperatoires chez les Autochtones au Canada: revue systematique
- Measuring quality of life in trials including patients on dialysis: how are transplants and mortality incorporated into the analysis? A systematic review protocol
- Comparing the reporting and conduct quality of exercise and pharmacological randomised controlled trials: a systematic review
- Randomised trials of proton pump inhibitors for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in patients with asthma: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
- Sleep, biological rhythms and anxiety in the perinatal period: a systematic review protocol
- Prewarming i-gel laryngeal mask for mechanical ventilation: a meta-analysis of randomised control trials and trial sequential analysis
- Dignity therapy, psycho-spiritual well-being and quality of life in the terminally ill: systematic review and meta-analysis
- Efficacy of perineural versus intravenous dexmedetomidine as a peripheral nerve block adjunct: a systematic review
- Does the addition of iPACK to adductor canal block in the presence or absence of periarticular local anesthetic infiltration improve analgesic and functional outcomes following total knee arthroplasty? A systematic review and meta-analysis
- Opioid-sparing effects of medical cannabis or cannabinoids for chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised and observational studies
- ART initiations following community-based distribution of HIV self-tests: meta-analysis and meta-regression of STAR Initiative data
- Associations between statins and adverse events in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review with pairwise, network, and dose-response meta-analyses
- Effectiveness of physical activity interventions in older adults with frailty or prefrailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Effectiveness of nutrition interventions and combined nutrition and physical activity interventions in older adults with frailty or prefrailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Are probiotics and prebiotics safe for use during pregnancy and lactation? A systematic review and meta-analysis
- Effectiveness of spatially targeted interventions for control of HIV, tuberculosis, leprosy and malaria: a systematic review
- Systematic review of clinician-directed nudges in healthcare contexts
- Interventional treatments for chronic, axial or radicular, non-cancer, spinal pain: a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials
- Efficacy, acceptability, and safety of muscle relaxants for adults with non-specific low back pain: systematic review and meta-analysis
- Comparison of ondansetron and tropisetron in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
- Devices for Administering Ventilation at Birth: A Systematic Review
- How fragile are Mediterranean diet interventions? A research-on-research study of randomised controlled trials
- Effects of mechanical circulatory support devices in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing stent implantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
- Ilioinguinal versus modified Stoppa approach for open reduction and internal fixation of displaced acetabular fractures: A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Systematic review on long-term adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids in the treatment of COPD
- Efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine as pre-and post-exposure prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19. Systematic review and meta-analysis of blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials
- Intravenous liposomal amphotericin B efficacy and safety for cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
- Timing of cholecystectomy after percutaneous cholecystostomy for acute cholecystitis- A systematic review and meta-analysis
- Managing postoperative pain in adult outpatients: a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing codeine with NSAIDs
- Prescribed footwear and orthoses are not prophylactic in preventing lower extremity injuries in military tactical athletes. A systematic review with meta-analysis
- Risk of Bias Assessment in Preclinical Literature using Natural Language Processing
- Sofosbuvir with daclatasvir and the outcomes of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis with GRADE assessment
- Does education of primary care professionals promote patient self-management and improve outcomes in chronic disease? An updated systematic review
- Treating low back pain in athletes: a systematic review with meta-analysis
- 2020 EULAR points to consider for the prevention, screening, assessment and management of non-adherence to treatment in people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases for use in clinical practice
- The analgesic efficacy of liposomal bupivacaine compared with bupivacaine hydrochloride for the prevention of postoperative pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis
- Systematic review of randomised control trial health promotion intervention studies in the fire services: study characteristics, intervention design and impacts on health
- Pharmacologic Treatment in Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders in Children: A Systematic Review
- Is there an association between long-term antibiotics for acne and subsequent infection sequelae and antimicrobial resistance? A systematic review
- Outcomes Measured in Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Measurement Properties of Instruments Considered for the OMERACT Core Outcome Set: A Systematic Review
- Effectiveness of self-management interventions in inflammatory arthritis: a systematic review informing the 2021 EULAR recommendations for the implementation of self-management strategies in patients with inflammatory arthritis
- What is the best evidence for graft choice in ACL reconstruction? Protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis
- Infection-associated biofilms and statins: protocol for systematic review
- Granulocyte and monocyte apheresis as an adjunctive therapy to induce and maintain clinical remission in ulcerative colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Polyethylene glycol versus lactulose in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Postoperative outcomes for Indigenous Peoples in Canada: a systematic review
- Effect of antiamyloid-{beta} drugs on Alzheimers disease: study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Self-management of iron and folic acid supplementation during pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and postnatal periods: a systematic review
- i-CONTENT tool for assessing therapeutic quality of exercise programs employed in randomised clinical trials
- Effectiveness and safety of glibenclamide for stroke: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Use of music to enhance sleep and psychological outcomes in critically ill patients: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Effects of COVID-19 Mental Health Interventions among Community-based Children, Adolescents, and Adults: A Living Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials
- Oral health interventions for older people in residential aged care facilities: a protocol for a realist systematic review
- PEER systematic review of randomized controlled trials: Management of chronic neuropathic pain in primary care
- Psychologic Treatment of Depression Compared With Pharmacotherapy and Combined Treatment in Primary Care: A Network Meta-Analysis
- Sexual health interventions delivered to participants by mobile technology: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
- Comparative Efficacy of Bronchiolitis Interventions in Acute Care: A Network Meta-analysis
- Do Outcomes between Women and Men Differ after Endovascular Thrombectomy? A Meta-analysis
- Promoting physical activity in primary care: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Delayed antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections: individual patient data meta-analysis
- Influence of childhood trauma on the treatment outcomes of pharmacological and/or psychological interventions for adolescents and adults with bipolar disorder: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
- The impact of cash transfers on mental health in children and young people in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Quality of life support in advanced cancer--web and technological interventions: systematic review and narrative synthesis
- Effectiveness of intrapartum fetal surveillance to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
- Clonidine versus tramadol for post spinal anesthesia shivering: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
- Effect of Stem Cell Injections on Osteoarthritis-related Structural Outcomes: A Systematic Review
- Treatment of uncomplicated UTI in males: a systematic review of the literature