Cannabis and the increased incidence and persistence of psychosis
BMJ 2011; 342 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d719 (Published 01 March 2011) Cite this as: BMJ 2011;342:d719- Wayne Hall, NHMRC Australia fellow and professor1,
- Louisa Degenhardt, principal for adolescent health and professor2
- 1UQ Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Herston QLD 4029, Australia
- 2Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
- w.hall{at}uq.edu.au
Prospective studies in Australia, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and Sweden have found that regular use of cannabis is associated with an increased risk of psychotic symptoms and disorders in the general population.1 Some people have interpreted this as evidence that cannabis use is a contributory cause of psychoses.2 More sceptical researchers have argued that the association might be the result of residual confounding by—for example, the use of other drugs or genetic factors.3 Another possibility is that the association arises because people with psychosis use cannabis to self medicate their symptoms,2 even though evidence suggests that they use cannabis for much the same reasons as their peers without psychosis⇓.2
The results of the linked prospective study by Kuepper and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.d738) argue against these two alternative explanations.4 The authors excluded anyone who reported cannabis use or psychotic symptoms in the baseline survey so that they could examine the relation between incident cannabis use and incident psychotic …
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