Heart sounds and murmurs

The University of Dundee's human Heart Sounds and Murmurs website (www.dundee.ac.uk/medther/Cardiology/hsmur.html) is ideal for a basic introduction or a quick refresher of heart sounds and murmurs. It includes audio files of examples of S3, S4, gallop rhythm, aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, mitral stenosis, mitral regurgitation, pulmonary stenosis, atrial fibrillation, and pericardial rubs. Each sound is accompanied by a brief description of the physiology behind it, where to hear it, and what else might be found on examination.

For more detail about auscultation findings visit Blaufuss Multimedia (www.blaufuss.org). Each …