Wealth inequality and health: observational study
BMJ 2008; 336 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/sbmj.0801038 (Published 01 January 2008) Cite this as: BMJ 2008;336:0801038
- Hazel Inskip, professor of statistical epidemiology1
- Epidemiology Resource Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD
This month's paper
“The global impact of income inequality on health by age: an observational study” by Danny Dorling and colleagues (BMJ 2007;335:873 doi: 10.1136/bmj.39349.507315.DE).
Abstract
Objectives—To explore whether the apparent impact of income inequality on health, which has been shown for wealthier nations, is replicated worldwide, and whether the impact varies by age.
Design—Observational study.
Setting—126 countries of the world for which complete data on income inequality and mortality by age and sex were available around the year 2002 (including 94.4% of world human population).
Data sources—Data on mortality were from the World Health Organization and income data were taken from the annual reports of the United Nations Development Programme.
Main outcome measures—Mortality in 5-year age bands for each sex by income inequality and income level.
Results—At ages 15-29 and 25-39 variations in income inequality seem more closely correlated with mortality worldwide than do variations in material wealth. This relation is especially strong among the poorest countries in Africa. Mortality is higher for a given level of overall income in more unequal nations.
Conclusions—Income inequality seems to have an influence worldwide, especially for younger adults. Social inequality seems to have a universal negative impact on health.
Being poor is bad enough in itself, but is it worse for your health if there are far richer people around you than if everyone is poor? There is evidence for this in developed countries, where being poor is not at the level of starvation, but is it true worldwide?
What did the authors do?
The authors set out to assess whether national mortality varies more by wealth or by inequality. In other words, which leads to the higher national death rate: living in a poor county or living in …
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