Analysis
Rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations
GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations
BMJ 2008; 336 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39489.470347.AD (Published 24 April 2008) Cite this as: BMJ 2008;336:924
Related articles
- Analysis Published: 08 May 2008; BMJ 336 doi:10.1136/bmj.39493.646875.AE
- Analysis Published: 15 May 2008; BMJ 336 doi:10.1136/bmj.39500.677199.AE
- Analysis Published: 31 July 2008; BMJ 337 doi:10.1136/bmj.a744
- Editor's Choice Published: 24 April 2008; BMJ 336 doi:10.1136/bmj.39559.679155.47
- Research Methods & Reporting Published: 21 July 2009; BMJ 339 doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535
- Research Methods & Reporting Published: 21 July 2009; BMJ 339 doi:10.1136/bmj.b2700
- Practice Published: 25 August 2010; BMJ 341 doi:10.1136/bmj.c4130
- Editorial Published: 11 March 2011; BMJ 342 doi:10.1136/bmj.d1216
- Research Published: 23 September 2011; BMJ 343 doi:10.1136/bmj.d5856
- Research Methods & Reporting Published: 18 October 2011; BMJ 343 doi:10.1136/bmj.d5928
- Research Published: 13 February 2012; BMJ 344 doi:10.1136/bmj.e497
- Research Published: 12 March 2012; BMJ 344 doi:10.1136/bmj.e1369
- Research Published: 17 May 2012; BMJ 344 doi:10.1136/bmj.e2088
- Analysis Published: 04 October 2012; BMJ 345 doi:10.1136/bmj.e6341
- Research Methods & Reporting Published: 14 November 2012; BMJ 345 doi:10.1136/bmj.e7401
- Research Published: 06 December 2012; BMJ 345 doi:10.1136/bmj.e7666
- Research Published: 15 January 2013; BMJ 346 doi:10.1136/bmj.e7492
- Research Published: 04 April 2013; BMJ 346 doi:10.1136/bmj.f1326
- Research Published: 04 April 2013; BMJ 346 doi:10.1136/bmj.f1378
- Research Published: 01 July 2013; BMJ 347 doi:10.1136/bmj.f3675
- Research Published: 07 August 2013; BMJ 347 doi:10.1136/bmj.f4587
- Research Published: 09 August 2013; BMJ 347 doi:10.1136/bmj.f4630
- Research Published: 14 January 2014; BMJ 348 doi:10.1136/bmj.f6932
- Research Published: 22 July 2014; BMJ 349 doi:10.1136/bmj.g4561
- Analysis Published: 10 February 2015; BMJ 350 doi:10.1136/bmj.g7624
- Research Published: 18 February 2015; BMJ 350 doi:10.1136/bmj.h444
- Research Methods & Reporting Published: 16 March 2015; BMJ 350 doi:10.1136/bmj.h870
- Research Published: 31 March 2015; BMJ 350 doi:10.1136/bmj.h1225
- Research Published: 12 August 2015; BMJ 351 doi:10.1136/bmj.h3978
- Letter Published: 11 May 2016; BMJ 353 doi:10.1136/bmj.i2257
- Research Methods & Reporting Published: 28 June 2016; BMJ 353 doi:10.1136/bmj.i2016
- Research Methods & Reporting Published: 20 July 2016; BMJ 354 doi:10.1136/bmj.i3507
- Practice Published: 28 September 2016; BMJ 354 doi:10.1136/bmj.i5085
- Editorial Published: 28 September 2016; BMJ 354 doi:10.1136/bmj.i5191
- Research Published: 28 September 2016; BMJ 354 doi:10.1136/bmj.i5130
- Analysis Published: 28 November 2016; BMJ 355 doi:10.1136/bmj.i6295
- Research Published: 01 December 2016; BMJ 355 doi:10.1136/bmj.i6112
- Practice Published: 21 February 2017; BMJ 356 doi:10.1136/bmj.j576
- Research Published: 22 February 2017; BMJ 356 doi:10.1136/bmj.j656
- Practice Published: 10 May 2017; BMJ 357 doi:10.1136/bmj.j1982
- Practice Published: 11 September 2017; BMJ 358 doi:10.1136/bmj.j3961
- Practice Published: 06 February 2018; BMJ 360 doi:10.1136/bmj.k243
- Editorial Published: 27 February 2009; BMJ 338 doi:10.1136/bmj.b11
- Research Methods & Reporting Published: 25 November 2014; BMJ 349 doi:10.1136/bmj.g7065
- Research Published: 28 February 2018; BMJ 360 doi:10.1136/bmj.k585
- Practice Published: 22 May 2018; BMJ 361 doi:10.1136/bmj.k1920
- Practice Published: 22 June 2018; BMJ 361 doi:10.1136/bmj.k2219
- Practice Published: 25 July 2018; BMJ 362 doi:10.1136/bmj.k2515
- Practice Published: 10 August 2018; BMJ 362 doi:10.1136/bmj.k3284
- Research Published: 05 September 2018; BMJ 362 doi:10.1136/bmj.k3519
- Practice Published: 05 September 2018; BMJ 362 doi:10.1136/bmj.k3581
- Practice Published: 24 October 2018; BMJ 363 doi:10.1136/bmj.k4169
- Practice Published: 18 December 2018; BMJ 363 doi:10.1136/bmj.k5130
- Research Published: 02 January 2019; BMJ 364 doi:10.1136/bmj.k4718
- Practice Published: 06 February 2019; BMJ 364 doi:10.1136/bmj.l294
- Practice Published: 04 April 2019; BMJ 365 doi:10.1136/bmj.l1141
- Student Published: 13 July 2015; BMJ 351 doi:10.1136/sbmj.h2859
- Practice Published: 14 May 2019; BMJ 365 doi:10.1136/bmj.l2006
- Research Published: 12 August 2019; BMJ 366 doi:10.1136/bmj.l4673
- Research Methods & Reporting Published: 28 August 2019; BMJ 366 doi:10.1136/bmj.l4898
- Practice Published: 02 October 2019; BMJ 367 doi:10.1136/bmj.l5515
- Research Published: 02 October 2019; BMJ 367 doi:10.1136/bmj.l5383
- Practice Published: 06 January 2020; BMJ 368 doi:10.1136/bmj.l6722
- Research Published: 06 January 2020; BMJ 368 doi:10.1136/bmj.l6744
- Research Published: 22 January 2020; BMJ 368 doi:10.1136/bmj.l6925
- Research Published: 01 April 2020; BMJ 369 doi:10.1136/bmj.m696
- Research Published: 26 May 2020; BMJ 369 doi:10.1136/bmj.m1936
- Practice Published: 30 July 2020; BMJ 370 doi:10.1136/bmj.m2924
- Research Methods & Reporting Published: 14 August 2020; BMJ 370 doi:10.1136/bmj.m2632
- Research Published: 18 August 2020; BMJ 370 doi:10.1136/bmj.m2521
- Research Published: 09 September 2020; BMJ 370 doi:10.1136/bmj.m3222
- Research Published: 09 December 2020; BMJ 371 doi:10.1136/bmj.m4234
- Clinical Review Published: 04 January 2021; BMJ 372 doi:10.1136/bmj.m4447
- Research Published: 13 January 2021; BMJ 372 doi:10.1136/bmj.m4743
- Research Published: 20 January 2021; BMJ 372 doi:10.1136/bmj.m4825
See more
- All intensive care patients must have access to community rehabilitation, leaders urgeBMJ April 20, 2021, 373 n1037; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1037
- Thailand tightens covid-19 rulesBMJ April 20, 2021, 373 n1016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1016
- East Kent trust pleads guilty to criminal offence of unsafe care over baby’s deathBMJ April 20, 2021, 373 n1021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1021
- Covid-19: public health leaders have been exceptional, but we need a whole new approach to societyBMJ April 20, 2021, 373 n959; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n959
- Midlands trust told to take urgent action over care of young people with mental health needsBMJ April 20, 2021, 373 n1020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1020
Cited by...
- Axial spondyloarthritis: new advances in diagnosis and management
- Acupuncture for biliary colic: a systematic review protocol
- Mortality of Diabetes-related Acute Metabolic Emergencies in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Efficacy of Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Sexual health interventions delivered to participants by mobile technology: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
- Pharmacological class interventions for benzodiazepine withdrawal discontinuation: a meta-analysis
- Efficacy and safety of caudal dexmedetomidine in pediatric infra-umbilical surgery: a meta-analysis and trial-sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials
- Efficacy and safety of low and very low carbohydrate diets for type 2 diabetes remission: systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished randomized trial data
- Symptomatic fever management in children: A systematic review of national and international guidelines
- Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
- Advanced imaging to improve remission rates in patients undergoing transsphenoidal surgery for Cushings disease
- Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of aggregate data from randomised controlled trials
- Prevalence of retinopathy in prediabetes: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Benefits and safety of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate in acute stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials (protocol)
- Emergency department interventions for adult patients with low back pain: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
- Which psychotherapy is effective in panic disorder? And which delivery formats are supported by the evidence? Study protocol for two systematic reviews and network meta-analyses
- Risk factors for mental illness in adults with atopic eczema or psoriasis: protocol for a systematic review
- Efficacy and safety of TiNO-coated stents versus drug-eluting coronary stents. Systematic literature review and meta-analysis
- The effect of calcium and vitamin D on bone mineral density in patients taking glucocorticoid therapies: Protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis
- Remdesivir use in patients with coronavirus COVID-19 disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the Chinese Lancet trial with the NIH trial
- Vitamin C for the treatment of COVID-19: A living systematic review
- Individual interventions to improve adherence to pharmaceutical treatment, diet and physical activity among adults with primary hypertension. A systematic review protocol
- Do smartphone applications and activity trackers increase physical activity in adults? Systematic review, meta-analysis and metaregression
- Efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of patients infected with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
- Acupuncture for neck pain caused by cervical spondylosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
- Reporting of methodological studies in health research: a protocol for the development of the MethodologIcal STudy reportIng Checklist (MISTIC)
- Suicide risk with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and new-generation serotonergic-noradrenergic antidepressants in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
- Association between conflicts of interest and favourable recommendations in clinical guidelines, advisory committee reports, opinion pieces, and narrative reviews: systematic review
- Tuina for spasticity of poststroke: protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Cell-based therapies for COVID-19: A living systematic review
- Comparison of different mobile health applications for intervention in children and adolescent with overweight: a protocol for systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis
- Clinical and historical features associated with severe COVID-19 infection: a systematic review
- Nosocomial Infections Among Patients with COVID-19, SARS and MERS: A Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis
- Breastfeeding of Infants Born to Mothers with COVID-19: A Rapid Review
- Mesenchymal stromal cells for COVID-19: A living systematic review protocol
- Supportive Care for Patient with Respiratory Diseases: An Umbrella Review
- Effects of low-dose hydrocortisone and hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone in adults with septic shock: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data
- Effectiveness of Intravenous Immunoglobulin for Children with Severe COVID-19: A Rapid Review
- Application of Telemedicine During the Coronavirus Disease Epidemics: A Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis
- Establishing thresholds for important benefits considering the harms of screening interventions
- Recent advances in clinical practice: colorectal cancer chemoprevention in the average-risk population
- Clinical practice guideline adaptation methods in resource-constrained settings: four case studies from South Africa
- How does occupational physical activity influence health? An umbrella review of 23 health outcomes across 158 observational studies
- World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour
- Lopinavir/ritonavir for the treatment of COVID-19: A living systematic review protocol
- Beneficial and harmful effects of sacubitril/valsartan in patients with heart failure: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis
- Chest Computed Tomography for the Diagnosis of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis
- Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19: A living systematic review protocol
- Experiences and perceived health benefits of individuals with a disability participating in sport: A systematic review protocol
- SMART Vaccines 2.0 decision-support platform: a tool to facilitate and promote priority setting for sustainable vaccination in resource-limited settings
- Efficacite et innocuite des agents antiviraux contre le SRAS-CoV-2, selon des donnees detudes sur la COVID-19 et dautres infections virales aigues : revue systematique et meta-analyse
- Efficacite et innocuite des corticosteroides dans le traitement de la COVID-19 selon des donnees pour la COVID-19, dautres infections aux coronavirus, linfluenza, la pneumonie extrahospitaliere et le syndrome de detresse respiratoire aigue : revue systematique et meta-analyse
- Optimum duration of adjuvant trastuzumab in treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 positive early breast cancer: protocol for a network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
- Effect of adjunctive glucose-lowering drugs on body weight in people with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol
- Clinical characterization and chest CT findings in laboratory-confirmed COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Efficacy of a spatial repellent for control of malaria in Indonesia: a cluster-randomized controlled trial
- Nutrition and physical activity: French intergroup clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up (SNFGE, FFCD, GERCOR, UNICANCER, SFCD, SFED, SFRO, ACHBT, AFC, SFP-APA, SFNCM, AFSOS)
- Neuromonitoring with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: a systematic review protocol
- Response to 'Correspondence on 'Prevalence and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Shi et al
- EULAR recommendations for a core data set for pregnancy registries in rheumatology
- Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and the risk of mortality in patients with hypertension hospitalised for COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis
- Psychotherapy versus treatment as usual and other control interventions in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity: a protocol for systematic review with meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis
- Corticosteroids for Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Children: A Meta-analysis
- Enough evidence and other endings: a descriptive study of stable Cochrane systematic reviews in 2019
- Comparative effectiveness of treatments for patellofemoral pain: a living systematic review with network meta-analysis
- Traitement des patients atteints dune forme moderee ou grave de maladie a coronavirus 2019: Ligne directrice fondee sur des donnees probantes
- The consistent burden in published estimates of delirium occurrence in medical inpatients over four decades: a systematic review and meta-analysis study
- Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions for reducing transmission of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
- Parental acceptance toward behavior guidance techniques for pediatric dental visits: a meta-analysis
- Cardiovascular drugs and COVID-19 clinical outcomes: a living systematic review and meta-analysis
- Effects of adding ivabradine to usual care in patients with angina pectoris: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials with meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis
- Clinical effectiveness of manipulation and mobilisation interventions for the treatment of non-specific neck pain: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Safety and efficacy of larval therapy on treating leg ulcers: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
- 5-HT3 receptor antagonists for the prevention of perioperative shivering undergoing spinal anaesthesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
- The Route, Dose, and Interval of Epinephrine for Neonatal Resuscitation: A Systematic Review
- Outcomes in randomised controlled trials of multifocal lenses in cataract surgery: the case for development of a core outcome set
- Epinephrine for Neonatal Resuscitation: The Limits of Knowledge
- Traditional Chinese medicine injections for heart failure: a protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
- Effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions to decrease fatigue in people living with HIV/AIDS: a protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis
- Core outcome set for the management of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the COS-AECOPD ERS Task Force study protocol
- Psychological interventions for depression among informal caregivers of older adult populations: protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
- Association between high blood pressure and long term cardiovascular events in young adults: systematic review and meta-analysis
- Immunonutrition for traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Eye health and quality of life: an umbrella review protocol
- Health economic evaluation in ophthalmology