Research
Empirical evidence of bias in treatment effect estimates in controlled trials with different interventions and outcomes: meta-epidemiological study
BMJ 2008; 336 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39465.451748.AD (Published 13 March 2008) Cite this as: BMJ 2008;336:601
Related articles
- Editorial Published: 13 September 1997; BMJ 315 doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.617
- Paper Published: 05 May 2005; BMJ 330 doi:10.1136/bmj.38414.422650.8F
- PAPERS Published: 07 April 2005; BMJ doi:10.1136/bmj.38414.422650.8F
- Research Published: 16 September 2010; BMJ 341 doi:10.1136/bmj.c4675
- Paper Published: 01 January 2004; BMJ 328 doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7430.22
- Research Published: 07 September 2009; BMJ 339 doi:10.1136/bmj.b3244
- Research Published: 24 March 2010; BMJ 340 doi:10.1136/bmj.c723
- Research Published: 07 August 2009; BMJ 339 doi:10.1136/bmj.b2981
- Research Published: 16 July 2010; BMJ 341 doi:10.1136/bmj.c3515
- Research Methods & Reporting Published: 24 March 2010; BMJ 340 doi:10.1136/bmj.c869
- Research Published: 29 December 2010; BMJ 341 doi:10.1136/bmj.c7017
- Research Published: 19 October 2009; BMJ 339 doi:10.1136/bmj.b4012
- Research Methods & Reporting Published: 22 July 2011; BMJ 343 doi:10.1136/bmj.d4002
- Research Published: 16 August 2011; BMJ 343 doi:10.1136/bmj.d4909
- Research Methods & Reporting Published: 18 October 2011; BMJ 343 doi:10.1136/bmj.d5928
- Research Published: 11 January 2012; BMJ 344 doi:10.1136/bmj.d7771
- Research Published: 14 February 2012; BMJ 344 doi:10.1136/bmj.e813
- Research Published: 27 February 2012; BMJ 344 doi:10.1136/bmj.e1119
- Research Published: 19 April 2012; BMJ 344 doi:10.1136/bmj.e1771
- Research Published: 12 December 2012; BMJ 345 doi:10.1136/bmj.e7822
- Research Published: 29 January 2013; BMJ 346 doi:10.1136/bmj.f457
- Research Published: 26 February 2013; BMJ 346 doi:10.1136/bmj.f540
- Research Published: 21 March 2013; BMJ 346 doi:10.1136/bmj.f1135
- Research Published: 24 April 2013; BMJ 346 doi:10.1136/bmj.f2304
- Research Published: 01 July 2013; BMJ 347 doi:10.1136/bmj.f3675
- Research Published: 21 May 2014; BMJ 348 doi:10.1136/bmj.g3253
- Views & Reviews Published: 20 August 2014; BMJ 349 doi:10.1136/bmj.g5239
- Research Methods & Reporting Published: 02 January 2015; BMJ 349 doi:10.1136/bmj.g7647
- Research Published: 05 January 2015; BMJ 350 doi:10.1136/bmj.g7635
- Research Published: 05 February 2015; BMJ 350 doi:10.1136/bmj.h217
- Research Published: 12 January 2017; BMJ 356 doi:10.1136/bmj.i6681
- Paper Published: 05 May 2005; BMJ 330 doi:10.1136/bmj.38414.515938.8F
- PAPERS Published: 07 April 2005; BMJ doi:10.1136/bmj.38414.515938.8F
See more
- Ebola: Epidemic in DRC is one of world’s “most complex health emergencies”BMJ June 25, 2019, 365 l4405; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l4405
- Doctors have cut extra work and avoided promotion because of pension changes, poll findsBMJ June 25, 2019, 365 l4400; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l4400
- BMA votes to poll members on its assisted dying stanceBMJ June 25, 2019, 365 l4398; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l4398
- Prenatal and infant exposure to ambient pesticides and autism spectrum disorder in children: population based case-control studyBMJ June 25, 2019, 365 l4032; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l4032
- External validation of clinical prediction models using big datasets from e-health records or IPD meta-analysis: opportunities and challengesBMJ June 25, 2019, 365 l4379; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l4379
Cited by...
- Creation of a database to assess effects of omega-3, omega-6 and total polyunsaturated fats on health: methodology for a set of systematic reviews
- Risk of bias assessment of randomised controlled trials referenced in the 2015 American Heart Association guidelines update for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care: a cross-sectional review
- Sexual rehabilitation for cardiac patients with erectile dysfunction: a randomised clinical trial
- Empirical evidence of the impact of study characteristics on the performance of prediction models: a meta-epidemiological study
- Methodological advantages and disadvantages of parallel and crossover randomised clinical trials on methylphenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analyses
- High intensity exercise for 3 months reduces disease activity in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA): a multicentre randomised trial of 100 patients
- Which treatment is most effective for patients with patellofemoral pain? A protocol for a living systematic review including network meta-analysis
- Effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
- Study protocol for a single-centre, prospective, non-blinded, randomised, 12-month, parallel-group superiority study to compare the efficacy of pharmacist intervention versus usual care for elderly patients hospitalised in orthopaedic wards
- Validation of Exercise Capacity as a Surrogate Endpoint in Exercise-Based Rehabilitation for Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
- Core Outcome Sets
- Standards and Methodological Rigor in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Preclinical and Translational Research
- Electroacupuncture plus standard of care for managing refractory functional dyspepsia: protocol of a pragmatic trial with economic evaluation
- Preparing for what the reporting checklists will not tell you: the PREPARE Trial guide for planning clinical research to avoid research waste
- Influence of allocation concealment and intention-to-treat analysis on treatment effects of physical therapy interventions in low back pain randomised controlled trials: a protocol of a meta-epidemiological study
- Validity of studies suggesting postsurgical chemotherapy for resectable gastric cancer: critical appraisal of randomised trials
- CMV and BKPyV Infections in Renal Transplant Recipients Receiving an mTOR Inhibitor-Based Regimen Versus a CNI-Based Regimen: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Controlled Trials
- The effect of blinding on estimates of mortality in randomised clinical trials of intensive care interventions: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Long-term effect of smartphone-delivered Interval Walking Training on physical activity in patients with type 2 diabetes: protocol for a parallel group single-blinded randomised controlled trial
- Effect of telemedicine on glycated hemoglobin in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials
- SheppHeartCABG trial--comprehensive early rehabilitation after coronary artery bypass grafting: a protocol for a randomised clinical trial
- Effect of characteristics of women on attendance in blind and non-blind randomised trials: analysis of recruitment data from the EPHT Trial
- Ankle Injury Prevention Programs for Soccer Athletes Are Protective: A Level-I Meta-Analysis
- Electroacupuncture and splinting versus splinting alone to treat carpal tunnel syndrome: a randomized controlled trial
- Effect of antenatal education in small classes versus standard auditorium-based lectures on use of pain relief during labour and of obstetric interventions: results from the randomised NEWBORN trial
- Feasibility of surgical randomised controlled trials with a placebo arm: a systematic review
- Metformin versus placebo in combination with insulin analogues in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus--the randomised, blinded Copenhagen Insulin and Metformin Therapy (CIMT) trial
- Effects of biphasic, basal-bolus or basal insulin analogue treatments on carotid intima-media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the randomised Copenhagen Insulin and Metformin Therapy (CIMT) trial
- Professional medical writing support and the quality of randomised controlled trial reporting: a cross-sectional study
- Methylphenidate for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: Cochrane systematic review with meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses of randomised clinical trials
- Simulation-based multiprofessional obstetric anaesthesia training conducted in situ versus off-site leads to similar individual and team outcomes: a randomised educational trial
- Replication and contradiction of highly cited research papers in psychiatry: 10-year follow-up
- What is the influence of randomisation sequence generation and allocation concealment on treatment effects of physical therapy trials? A meta-epidemiological study
- Interpreting Effectiveness Evidence in Pain: Short Tour of Contemporary Issues
- Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation
- Transcatheter Versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With Severe Aortic Valve Stenosis: 1-Year Results From the All-Comers NOTION Randomized Clinical Trial
- A multistudy analysis investigating systematic differences in cardiovascular trial results between Europe and Asia
- Avoidable waste of research related to inadequate methods in clinical trials
- Pain Control After Simultaneous Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Periarticular Injection and Epidural Analgesia
- Labour induction with prostaglandins: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
- How do systematic reviews incorporate risk of bias assessments into the synthesis of evidence? A methodological study
- Clinical effects of blood donor characteristics in transfusion recipients: protocol of a framework to study the blood donor-recipient continuum
- Cerebral near infrared spectroscopy oximetry in extremely preterm infants: phase II randomised clinical trial
- Efficacy of cognitive bias modification interventions in anxiety and depression: meta-analysis
- Impact of Spin in the Abstracts of Articles Reporting Results of Randomized Controlled Trials in the Field of Cancer: The SPIIN Randomized Controlled Trial
- Introduction to the GRADE Approach for Guideline Development: Considerations for Physical Therapist Practice
- Assessing bias in osteoarthritis trials included in Cochrane reviews: protocol for a meta-epidemiological study
- Industry sponsorship bias in research findings: a network meta-analysis of LDL cholesterol reduction in randomised trials of statins
- Interpreting trial results following use of different intention-to-treat approaches for preventing attrition bias: a meta-epidemiological study protocol
- Sulfonylurea versus metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials and trial sequential analysis
- Identifying Items to Assess Methodological Quality in Physical Therapy Trials: A Factor Analysis
- Electronic health records may threaten blinding in trials of statins
- Targeting intensive versus conventional glycaemic control for type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review with meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses of randomised clinical trials
- The effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes: protocol for a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised trials
- Use of placebo controls in the evaluation of surgery: systematic review
- Risk of drug-induced liver injury with the new oral anticoagulants: systematic review and meta-analysis
- Methodological characteristics and treatment effect sizes in oral health randomised controlled trials: Is there a relationship? Protocol for a meta-epidemiological study
- Cognitive-behavioural therapy for the symptoms of schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis with examination of potential bias
- The CopenHeartSF trial--comprehensive sexual rehabilitation programme for male patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator or ischaemic heart disease and impaired sexual function: protocol of a randomised clinical trial
- Should people at low risk of cardiovascular disease take a statin?
- A Stepped Wedge, Cluster-Randomized Trial of a Household UV-Disinfection and Safe Storage Drinking Water Intervention in Rural Baja California Sur, Mexico
- Prospective registration, bias risk and outcome-reporting bias in randomised clinical trials of traditional Chinese medicine: an empirical methodological study
- Analysis of the systematic reviews process in reports of network meta-analyses: methodological systematic review
- Blinding: an essential component in decreasing risk of bias in experimental designs
- Comparative efficacy of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions in fibromyalgia syndrome: network meta-analysis
- Influence of trial sample size on treatment effect estimates: meta-epidemiological study
- Efficacy of preparation solutions and cleansing techniques on contamination of the skin in foot and ankle surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis
- Conservative treatment options for women with stress urinary incontinence: clinical update
- Sample size determinations in original research protocols for randomised clinical trials submitted to UK research ethics committees: review
- The effect of integrated cardiac rehabilitation versus treatment as usual for atrial fibrillation patients treated with ablation: the randomised CopenHeartRFA trial protocol
- Effects of Psycho-Oncologic Interventions on Emotional Distress and Quality of Life in Adult Patients With Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Comparison of treatment effect sizes associated with surrogate and final patient relevant outcomes in randomised controlled trials: meta-epidemiological study
- Skin care education and individual counselling versus treatment as usual in healthcare workers with hand eczema: randomised clinical trial
- Effect of bile acid sequestrants on glycaemic control: protocol for a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
- Antiviral therapy for prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
- Single Mini-Incision Total Hip Replacement for the Management of Arthritic Disease of the Hip: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
- Comparative Efficacy and Safety of New Oral Anticoagulants in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
- Standard 2: Containing Risk of Bias
- A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Plastic-Housing BioSand Filter and Its Impact on Diarrheal Disease in Copan, Honduras
- Comparison of metformin and insulin versus insulin alone for type 2 diabetes: systematic review of randomised clinical trials with meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses
- Observer bias in randomised clinical trials with binary outcomes: systematic review of trials with both blinded and non-blinded outcome assessors
- Impact of single centre status on estimates of intervention effects in trials with continuous outcomes: meta-epidemiological study
- Authors' reply to Yudkin and Lipska
- Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on weight loss: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials
- Comparison of methadone and buprenorphine for opiate detoxification (LEEDS trial): a randomised controlled trial
- The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials
- Inconsistency between direct and indirect comparisons of competing interventions: meta-epidemiological study
- Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials