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BMJ 2006; 333 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/sbmj.0610396 (Published 01 October 2006) Cite this as: BMJ 2006;333:0610396

Biomolecular researchers have been long accused of playing god, and, for a change, they may actually be on the verge of doing so. DNA is prodigious in its ability to encode genetic information, but scientists wonder if a code based on a four-letter alphabet is enough. Apparently not. Researchers in Japan have prepared “unnatural” DNA bases that can be incorporated into “natural” DNA. They do act unnaturally in vitro, forming base pairs via hydrophobic bonds, instead of the usual hydrogen bonds. What's more, enzymes involved in DNA metabolism can recognise and act on these unnatural bases as well (Nature Methods 2006;3:729-35).

Would human sexual organs lose their raison d'être if pleasure were removed from the equation? In raising this question, perhaps, was the peculiar case of a man who had two fully functional penises-a condition known as penile duplication or diphallus. The odds of this happening are 5.5 million to one, and only 100 cases have been reported since 1609. And rarely does this condition come with two complete, functional and fully perfused organs, which makes corrective surgery extremely challenging (Times of …

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