Infertility, infertility treatment, and congenital malformations: Danish national birth cohort

ICD10 code

No (%) singletons born of fertile couples (TTP£ 12 months) (group A; n=50 897)

Singletons born of infertile couples who conceived naturally (TTP>12 months) (group B; n=5764)

Singletons born of infertile couples who received infertility treatment (group C; n=4588)

No (%)

Hazard ratio (95% CI) with group A as reference*

No (%)

Hazard ratio (95% CI) with group A as reference*

Hazard ratio (95% CI) with group B as reference*†

Crude

Adjusted‡

Crude

Adjusted‡

Crude

Adjusted‡

Nervous system (Q00-Q07)

Q00

0

0

-

-

0

-

-

-

-

Q01

2 (0.0)

0

-

-

0

-

-

-

-

Q02

17 (0.3)

5 (0.9)

2.60

2.20 (0.80-6.05)

3 (0.7)

1.96

1.79 (0.51-6.25)

0.75

0.88 (0.20-3.80)

Q03

21 (0.4)

9 (1.6)

3.79

3.91 (1.76-8.66)

3 (0.7)

1.59

1.89 (0.55-6.49)

0.42

0.54 (0.14-2.02)

Q04

19 (0.4)

4 (0.7)

1.86

1.69 (0.56-5.03)

5 (1.1)

2.93

2.87 (1.04-7.89)

1.58

2.28 (0.58-9.06)

Q05

20 (0.4)

4 (0.7)

1.77

1.60 (0.54-4.75)

3 (0.7)

1.66

1.61 (0.47-5.50)

0.94

0.92 (0.20-4.18)

Q06

5 (0.1)

2 (0.3)

-

-

0

-

-

-

-

Q07

8 (0.2)

0

-

-

3 (0.7)

4.16

3.64 (0.92-14.42)

-

-

Eye, ear, face and neck (Q10-Q18)

Q10

51 (1.0)

6 (1.0)

1.04

1.07 (0.46-2.52)

7 (1.5)

1.55

1.58 (0.71-3.53)

1.48

1.62 (0.53-4.94)

Q11

2 (0.0)

1 (0.2)

-

-

1 (0.2)

-

-

-

-

Q12

14 (0.3)

1 (0.2)

-

-

1 (0.2)

-

-

-

-

Q13

22 (0.4)

5 (0.9)

2.01

2.04 (0.76-5.46)

0

-

-

-

-

Q14

12 (0.2)

2 (0.3)

-

-

0

-

-

-

-

Q15

7 (0.1)

1 (0.2)

-

-

0

-

-

-

-

Q16

8 (0.2)

1 (0.2)

-

-

1 (0.2)

-

-

-

-

Q17

30 (0.6)

8 (1.4)

2.38

2.11 (0.95-4.65)

3 (0.7)

1.15

1.04 (0.31-3.46)

0.49

0.50 (0.13-1.91)

Q18

52 (1.0)

8 (1.4)

1.37

1.36 (0.64-2.90)

6 (1.3)

1.32

1.45 (0.62-3.42)

0.96

1.12 (0.38-3.30)

Circulatory system (Q20-Q28)

Q20

36 (0.7)

4 (0.7)

0.98

0.92 (0.33-2.61)

5 (1.1)

1.55

1.45 (0.56-3.74)

1.57

1.39 (0.37-5.29)

Q21

319 (6.3)

53 (9.2)

1.47

1.43 (1.06-1.91)

39 (8.5)

1.36

1.37 (0.97-1.91)

0.93

0.91 (0.60-1.39)

Q22

41 (0.8)

3 (0.5)

0.65

0.59 (0.18-1.91)

3 (0.7)

0.82

0.75 (0.23-2.46)

1.26

1.28 (0.25-6.43)

Q23

34 (0.7)

3 (0.5)

0.78

0.75 (0.23-2.46)

2 (0.4)

-

-

-

-

Q24

138 (2.7)

12 (2.1)

0.77

0.77 (0.42-1.39)

15 (3.3)

1.22

1.29 (0.75-2.21)

1.58

1.51 (0.70-3.25)

Q25

62 (1.2)

7 (1.2)

1.00

1.02 (0.46-2.24)

8 (1.7)

1.44

1.48 (0.70-3.12)

1.44

1.48 (0.53-4.13)

Q26

12 (0.2)

1 (0.2)

-

-

2 (0.4)

-

-

-

-

Q27

13 (0.3)

0

-

-

1 (0.2)

-

-

-

-

Q28

18 (0.4)

5 (0.9)

2.46

2.22 (0.81-6.07)

0

-

-

-

-

Respiratory system (Q30-Q34)

Q30

18 (0.4)

1 (0.2)

-

-

4 (0.9)

2.47

2.21 (0.73-6.72)

-

-

Q31

37 (0.7)

4 (0.7)

0.96

0.77 (0.27-2.18)

5 (1.1)

1.50

1.32 (0.51-3.40)

1.57

1.97 (0.52-7.52)

Q32

22 (0.4)

2 (0.3)

-

-

2 (0.4)

-

-

-

-

Q33

16 (0.3)

2 (0.3)

-

-

1 (0.2)

-

-

-

-

Q34

5 (0.1)

0

-

-

0

-

-

-

-

Cleft lip/palate (Q35-Q37)

Q35

34 (0.7)

9 (1.6)

2.34

2.37 (1.12-5.00)

3 (0.7)

0.98

0.98 (0.30-3.23)

0.42

0.37 (0.10-1.40)

Q36

35 (0.7)

3 (0.5)

0.76

0.70 (0.21-2.30)

1 (0.2)

-

-

-

-

Q37

64 (1.3)

9 (1.6)

1.24

1.14 (0.56-2.31)

3 (0.7)

0.52

0.49 (0.15-1.59)

0.42

0.40 (0.11-1.52)

Digestive system (Q38-Q45)

Q38

49 (1.0)

9 (1.6)

1.62

1.41 (0.69-2.90)

3 (0.7)

0.68

0.63 (0.19-2.04)

0.42

0.39 (0.10-1.46)

Q39

24 (0.5)

5 (0.9)

1.84

2.10 (0.79-5.57)

5 (1.1)

2.31

2.65 (0.98-7.12)

1.26

1.26 (0.36-4.45)

Q40

46 (0.9)

6 (1.0)

1.15

1.15 (0.49-2.72)

6 (1.3)

1.45

1.62 (0.68-3.84)

1.26

1.46 (0.46-4.65)

Q41

17 (0.3)

2 (0.3)

-

-

2 (0.4)

-

-

-

-

Q42

24 (0.5)

1 (0.2)

-

-

1 (0.2)

-

-

-

-

Q43

45 (0.9)

8 (1.4)

1.57

1.44 (0.67-3.08)

9 (2.0)

2.24

2.03 (0.98-4.21)

1.42

1.46 (0.56-3.86)

Q44

4 (0.1)

2 (0.3)

-

-

0

-

-

-

-

Q45

3 (0.1)

0

-

-

2 (0.4)

-

-

-

-

Genital organs (Q50-Q56)

Q50

0

0

-

-

0

-

-

-

-

Q51

1 (0.0)

0

-

-

0

-

-

-

-

Q52

19 (0.8)

1 (0.4)

-

-

7 (3.1)

4.20

4.38 (1.79-10.72)

-

-

Q54

140 (5.4)

12 (4.1)

0.76

0.81 (0.45-1.47)

19 (8.0)

1.51

1.61 (0.99-2.62)

1.98

1.92 (0.92-4.00)

Q55

17 (0.7)

2 (0.7)

-

-

4 (1.7)

2.68

2.27 (0.75-6.90)

-

-

Q56

3 (0.1)

1 (0.2)

-

-

0

-

-

-

-

Urinary system (Q60-Q64)

Q60

15 (0.3)

2 (0.3)

-

-

2 (0.4)

-

-

-

-

Q61

18 (0.4)

1 (0.2)

-

-

1 (0.2)

-

-

-

-

Q62

115 (2.3)

14 (2.4)

1.08

1.07 (0.61-1.86)

21 (4.6)

2.03

1.88 (1.17-3.02)

1.89

1.78 (0.89-3.54)

Q63

23 (0.5)

2 (0.3)

-

-

2 (0.4)

-

-

-

-

Q64

42 (0.8)

6 (1.0)

1.26

1.37 (0.58-3.25)

3 (0.7)

0.80

0.88 (0.27-2.87)

0.63

0.75 (0.18-3.10)

Musculoskeletal system (Q65-Q79)

Q65

176 (3.5)

27 (4.7)

1.36

1.40 (0.92-2.12)

19 (4.1)

1.21

1.35 (0.84-2.19)

0.89

1.01 (0.55-1.85)

Q66

422 (8.3)

62 (10.8)

1.30

1.35 (1.03-1.77)

60 (13.1)

1.60

1.66 (1.26-2.18)

1.23

1.29 (0.90-1.85)

Q67

115 (2.3)

16 (2.8)

1.23

1.22 (0.72-2.06)

23 (5.0)

2.23

2.28 (1.45-3.61)

1.81

1.87 (0.98-3.56)

Q68

157 (3.1)

15 (2.6)

0.85

0.95 (0.56-1.62)

12 (2.6)

0.85

0.95 (0.52-1.71)

1.01

0.92 (0.43-1.99)

Q69

32 (0.6)

8 (1.4)

2.21

2.35 (1.07-5.15)

5 (1.1)

1.74

1.89 (0.73-4.92)

0.79

0.84 (0.27-2.62)

Q70

45 (0.9)

4 (0.7)

0.79

0.78 (0.28-2.18)

5 (1.1)

1.24

1.21 (0.47-3.07)

1.57

1.33 (0.35-4.98)

Q71

25 (0.5)

1 (0.2)

-

-

2 (0.4)

-

-

-

-

Q72

27 (0.5)

2 (0.3)

-

-

1 (0.2)

-

-

-

-

Q73

0

0

-

-

0

-

-

-

-

Q74

64 (1.3)

8 (1.4)

1.11

1.09 (0.52-2.30)

10 (2.2)

1.75

1.75 (0.89-3.46)

1.59

1.59 (0.62-4.08)

Q75

105 (2.1)

18 (3.1)

1.52

1.50 (0.90-2.49)

16 (3.5)

1.70

1.72 (1.01-2.95)

1.12

1.27 (0.64-2.53)

Q76

14 (0.3)

0

-

-

3 (0.7)

2.41

2.10 (0.58-7.62)

-

-

Q77

4 (0.1)

2 (0.3)

-

-

0

-

-

-

-

Q78

9 (0.2)

3 (0.5)

2.97

2.57 (0.68-9.68)

3 (0.7)

3.79

3.37 (0.88-12.96)

1.29

1.38 (0.27-7.08)

Q79

40 (0.8)

5 (0.9)

1.11

1.10 (0.43-2.81)

5 (1.1)

1.40

1.43 (0.56-3.68)

1.27

1.16 (0.33-4.07)

Other malformations (Q80-Q89)

Q80

7 (0.1)

2 (0.3)

-

-

2 (0.4)

-

-

-

-

Q81

0

0

-

-

1 (0.2)

-

-

-

-

Q82

20 (0.4)

4 (0.7)

1.77

1.81 (0.61-5.37)

5 (1.1)

2.80

3.27 (1.19-8.94)

1.57

1.69 (0.44-6.44)

Q83

2 (0.0)

0

-

-

0

-

-

-

-

Q84

3 (0.1)

0

-

-

3 (0.7)

11.10

10.1 (1.9-51.94)

-

-

Q85

18 (0.4)

0

-

-

2 (0.4)

-

-

-

-

Q86

0

1 (0.2)

-

-

0

-

-

-

-

Q87

30 (0.6)

9 (1.6)

2.66

2.52 (1.18-5.37)

6 (1.3)

2.25

2.36 (0.96-5.77)

0.84

0.93 (0.33-2.66)

Q88

0

0

-

-

0

-

-

-

-

Q89

129 (2.5)

12 (2.1)

0.82

0.82 (0.45-1.50)

11 (2.4)

0.95

0.96 (0.52-1.79)

1.15

0.98 (0.43-2.25)

Chromosomal abnormalities (Q90-Q99)

Q90

57 (1.1)

6 (1.0)

0.93

0.88 (0.38-2.05)

6 (1.3)

1.17

1.04 (0.44-2.45)

1.26

1.27 (0.40-4.06)

Q91

10 (0.2)

1 (0.2)

-

-

0

-

-

-

-

Q92

3 (0.1)

0

-

-

0

-

-

-

-

Q93

3 (0.1)

0

-

-

2 (0.4)

-

-

-

-

Q94

0

0

-

-

0

-

-

-

-

Q95

0

0

-

-

0

-

-

-

-

Q96

5 (0.1)

1 (0.2)

-

-

1 (0.2)

-

-

-

-

Q97

0

0

-

-

0

-

-

-

-

Q98

3 (0.1)

0

-

-

0

-

-

-

-

Q99

20 (0.4)

1 (0.2)

-

-

1 (0.2)

-

-

-

-