Do selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors and traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increase the risk of atherothrombosis? Meta-analysis of randomised trials
BMJ 2006; 332 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.332.7553.1302 (Published 01 June 2006) Cite this as: BMJ 2006;332:1302
Data supplement
Table: Design characteristics of included trials
Fig A. Comparison of effects of different COX 2 inhibitors versus placebo, subdivided by daily dose of each individual drug
Fig B. Comparison of effects of different COX 2 inhibitors versus placebo, subdivided by regular aspirin use at trial entry
Statistical Methods (in PDF format)
Web reference listTable: Design characteristics of included trials (Posted as supplied by authors)
Coxib
Indication
Protocol number
Author, Year
Reference number
Sample size
Scheduled duration/weeks
Coxib dose, mg/day
NSAID comparator
Placebo*
(coxib comparator)
Rofecoxib
Rheumatoid arthritis
68
Schnitzer 1999
1
658
104 (8 placebo)
25/50
Naproxen 500 mg bid
Yes
17
137
46 (6 placebo)
75/125/175
Ibuprofen 800 mg tid
Yes
96
van Adelsberg, 2002
2
909
52 (12 placebo)
12.5/25/50
Naproxen 500 mg bid
Yes
97
Geusens, 2002
3
1058
52 (12 placebo)
25/50
Naproxen 500 mg bid
Yes
098/103
Hawkey, 2003
4
660
12
50
Naproxen 500 mg bid
Yes
088/089
Bombardier, 2000
72
8076
36
50
Naproxen 500 mg bid
No
134
Goodman, 2004
75
132
64
3.25-25
Naproxen 15 mg/kg
No
135
Goodman, 2004
75
252
64
3.25-25
Naproxen 15 mg/kg
No
Osteoarthritis
10
Ehrich, 1999
5
219
6
25/125
NA
Yes
29
Ehrich, 2001
6
672
166 (6 placebo)
12.5/25/50
Diclofenac 75 mg bid
Yes
33
Saag, 2000
7
736
6
12.5/25
Ibuprofen 800 mg tid
Yes
34
Saag, 2000
7
693
52
12.5/25
Diclofenac 50 mg tid
No
35
Cannon, 2000
79
784
52
12.5/25
Diclofenac 50 mg tid
No
40
Day, 2000
8
809
6
12.5/25
Ibuprofen 800 mg tid
Yes
44
Laine, 1999
9
742
24
25/50
Ibuprofen 800 mg tid
Yes
45
Hawkey, 2000
10
775
24
25/50
Ibuprofen 800 mg tid
Yes
58
Truitt, 2001
11
341
130 (6 placebo)
12.5/25
Nabumetone 1500 mg od
Yes
83
Murphy 2003
12
305
60 (12 placebo)
25
Ibuprofen 800 mg tid
Yes
85
Kivitz, 2004
13
1042
6
12.5
Nabumetone 1000 mg od
Yes
90
Battisti, 2004
14
978
6
12.5
Nabumetone 1000 mg od
Yes
112
1521
6
12.5/25
(celecoxib 200 mg od)
Yes
116
Schnitzer, 2001
15
1477
6
25
(celecoxib 200 mg od)
Yes
136
Laine, 2004
16
1615
12
25
Ibuprofen 800 mg tid
Yes
901
Myllykangas-Luosujarvi, 2002
73
943
6
12.5
Naproxen 500 mg bid
No
902
Acevedo, 2001
80
909
6
12.5
Diclofenac 50 mg bid
No
102/903
Lisse, 2003
74
5557
12
25
Naproxen 500 mg bid
No
219
Birbara, 2004
19
395
6
12.5
(celecoxib 200 mg od)
Yes
220
Ruoff, 2004
20
413
6
12.5
(celecoxib 200 mg od)
Yes
Alzheimer’s
Aisen, 2003
21
351
52
25
Naproxen 220 mg bid
Yes
78
Thal, 2005
22
1451
208
25
NA
Yes
91
Reines, 2004
23
692
60
25
NA
Yes
126
Reicin A, 2003
24
756
60
25
NA
Yes
Low back pain
120
Katz, 2003
25
380
4
25/50
NA
Yes
121
Katz, 2003
25
310
4
25/50
NA
Yes
FAP
129
17
24
25
NA
Yes
Higuchi 2003
26
21
36
25
NA
Yes
Polyps
122
Bresalier, 2005
27
2586
144
25
NA
Yes
Migraine
125
Silberstein, 2004
28
172
12
25
NA
Yes
Prostatitis
118
Nickel, 2003
30
160
6
25/50
NA
Yes
Other
50
Hunt, 2000
29
67
4
25/50
Ibuprofen 800 mg tid
Yes
54
115
4
25
Indomethacin 75 mg od
Yes
Celecoxib
Rheumatoid arthritis
12
Simon, 1998
31
327
4
80/400/800
NA
Yes
22
Simon, 1999
32
1148
12
200/400/800
Naproxen 500 mg bid
Yes
23
1102
12
100/200/400
Naproxen 500 mg bid
Yes
41
Emery, 1999
81
655
26
400
Diclofenac 75 mg bid
No
Osteoarthritis
20
Bensen, 1999
33
1092
12
50/100/200
Naproxen 500 mg bid
Yes
21
1214
12
50/100/200
Naproxen 500 mg bid
Yes
42
McKenna, 2002
83
687
6
100
Diclofenac 50 mg bid
No
47
401
4
25/100/400
NA
Yes
54
Kivitz, 2001
34
1059
12
100/200/400
Naproxen 500 mg bid
Yes
60
684
6
100/200
NA
Yes
87
Williams, 2001
35
715
6
100/200
NA
Yes
96
13194
12
100/200
Diclofenac 50 mg bid
No
Naproxen 500 mg bid
118
McKenna, 2001
36
598
6
100
Diclofenac 50 mg bid
Yes
152
123
6
200
(rofecoxib 25 mg od)
Yes
216
958
4
100
Loxoprofen 60 mg tid
Yes
0508-002
Sowers, 2005
76
404
12
200
Naproxen 500 mg bid
No
(rofecoxib 25 mg od)
0508-003
Gibofsky, 2003
18
475
6
200
NA
Yes
(rofecoxib 25 mg od)
0508-010
Pincus, 2004
37
353
6
200
NA
Yes
0508-249
Pincus, 2004
37
371
6
200
NA
Yes
1006
916
52
200
Diclofenac 50 mg bid
No
1051
317
6
200
Naproxen 500 mg bid
Yes
1052
362
6
200
Naproxen 500 mg bid
Yes
1053
316
6
200
Naproxen 500 mg bid
Yes
1063
386
6
200
Ibuprofen 800 mg tid
Yes
OA/RA
035_102
Silverstein, 2000
86
7968
52
800
Ibuprofen 800 mg tid
No
Diclofenac 75 mg bid
62
536
12
200
Naproxen 500 mg bid
No
71
1097
12
200
Diclofenac 75 mg bid
No
Ibuprofen 800 mg tid
105
666
12
100
Diclofenac 50 mg bid
No
106
125
12
100
Diclofenac 50 mg bid
No
107
89
12
100
Diclofenac 50 mg bid
No
Chan, 2002
87
287
24
400
Diclofenac 75 mg bid
No
Palmer, 2003
40
385
4
400
Nabumetone 1000 mg bid
Yes
Ibuprofen 800 mg tid
Izhar, 2004
84
25
4
200
Diclofenac 75 mg bid
No
Alzheimer’s
1
425
52
200
NA
Yes
Disease
2
36
156
200
NA
Yes
Low back pain
0508-244
360
12
200
NA
Yes
0508-245
374
12
200
NA
Yes
0508-269
790
12
200
NA
Yes
217
881
12
200
Loxoprofen 60 mg tid
No
FAP
Phillips, 2002
41
83
24
200/800
NA
Yes
Polyps
APC 005
Solomon, 2005
42
2035
156
400/800
NA
Yes
PreSAP 016
Levin, 2005
43
1561
156
400
NA
Yes
TMJ pain
Ta, 2004
44
68
6
200
Naproxen 500 mg bid
Yes
Ankylosing spondylitis
137
Dougados, 2001
45
245
6
100
Ketoprofen 100 mg bid
Yes
193
611
12
200/400
Naproxen 500 mg bid
Yes
Etoricoxib
Rheumatoid arthritis
10
Curtis, 2003
49
581
174 (8 placebo)
60/90/120
Diclofenac 50 mg tid
Yes
24
Matsuomoto, 2002
50
816
121 (12 placebo)
90/120
Naproxen 500 mg bid
Yes
25
Collantes, 2002
51
891
121 (12 placebo)
90/120
Naproxen 500 mg bid
Yes
26
Hunt, 2003
52
560
12
120
Naproxen 500 mg bid
Yes
36
Tsoukas, 2001
53
102
6
90
NA
Yes
Osteoarthritis
7
Gottesdiener, 2002
54
617
190 (6 placebo)
30/60/90
Diclofenac 50 mg tid
Yes
18
Reginster, 2004
55
496
138 (12 placebo)
60
Naproxen 500 mg bid
Yes
19
Leung, 2002
56
501
138 (12 placebo)
60
Naproxen 500 mg bid
Yes
26
Hunt, 2003
57
182
12
120
Naproxen 500 mg bid
Yes
29
Hunt, 2003
57
680
12
120
Ibuprofen 800 mg tid
Yes
805
Zacher, 2003
88
516
6
60
Diclofenac 50 mg tid
No
61
Baraf, 2004
89
7111
52
90
Diclofenac 50 mg tid
No
71
Wiessenhutter 2005
58
528
12
30
Ibuprofen 800 mg tid
Yes
73
548
12
30
Ibuprofen 800 mg tid
Yes
Ankylosing spondylitis
32
Van der Heijde 2005
59
387
52 (6 placebo)
90/120
Naproxen 500 mg bid
Yes
Back pain
41
Pallay, 2004
60
325
12
60/90
NA
Yes
42
Birbara, 2003
38
319
12
60/90
NA
Yes
Other
27
Hunt, 2003
62
4
120
Ibuprofen 800 mg tid
Yes
65
DiBattiste, 2004
46
433
12
90
Ibuprofen 800 mg tid
Yes
(celecoxib 200 mg bid)
Lumiracoxib
Rheumatoid arthritis
105
Schnitzer, 2005
61
570
4
100/200/400
Diclofenac 75 mg bid
Yes
110
Kivitz, 2004
893
13
400/800
Ibuprofen 800 mg tid
No
(celecoxib 200 mg bid)
114
937
13
200/400
(celecoxib 200 mg bid)
Yes
111
Geusens, 2004
62
1124
26
200/400
Naproxen 500 mg bid
Yes
2312
Scott, 2003
78
120
4
800/1200
Naproxen 500 mg bid
No
2335
Pavelka, 2004
63
1151
52 (13 placebo)
200
Naproxen 500 mg bid
Yes
Osteoarthritis
117
Farkouh, 2004
77
9471
52
400
Naproxen 500 mg bid
No
2332
Farkouh, 2004
77
8773
52
400
Ibuprofen 800 mg tid
No
104
Schnitzer, 2004
64
583
4
50/100/200/400
Diclofenac 75 mg bid
Yes
2316
Benevolenskaya, 2003
65
244
4
100
NA
Yes
2319
Grifka, 2004
66
594
4
200/400
NA
Yes
109
Berenbaum, 2005
17
1600
13
200/400
(celecoxib 200 mg od)
Yes
112
Tannenbaum, 2004
39
1702
13
200/400
NA
Yes
(celecoxib 200 mg od)
126
Hawkey, 2004
85
1042
13
200/400
Ibuprofen 800 mg tid
No
(celecoxib 200 mg od)
128
Berenbaum, 2005
17
511
13
400
NA
Yes
(rofecoxib 25 mg od)
2360
Sheldon, 2005
47
1551
13
100
NA
Yes
(celecoxib 200 mg)
2361
Lehman, 2005
48
1684
13
100
(celecoxib 200 mg)
Yes
Valdecoxib
Rheumatoid arthritis/
15
640
6
Oct-20
Naproxen 500 mg bid
Yes
Osteoarthritis
16
678
6
05/10/2020
Naproxen 500 mg bid
Yes
48
Sikes, 2002
67
1051
12
Oct-20
Ibuprofen 800 mg tid
Yes
Diclofenac 75 mg bid
49
Makarowski, 2002
68
466
12
05-Oct
Naproxen 500 mg bid
Yes
53
Kivitz, 2002
69
1016
12
05/10/2020
Naproxen 500 mg bid
Yes
60
Bensen, 2002
70
1089
12
10/20/40
Naproxen 500 mg bid
Yes
61
1093
12
10/20/40
Naproxen 500 mg bid
Yes
4
341
6
20
(rofecoxib 25 mg)
Yes
62
Pavelka, 2003
90
720
26
20/40
Diclofenac 75 mg bid
No
63
782
52
Oct-20
Diclofenac 75 mg bid
No
47
1217
26
20/40
Naproxen 500 mg bid
No
Low back pain
97
256
4
40
NA
Yes
108
Coats, 2004
71
293
4
40
NA
Yes
132
456
12
20/40
NA
Yes
133
485
12
Oct-20
NA
Yes
Cancer pain
40
235
12
40
NA
Yes
79
183
6
20
Diclofenac 75 mg bid
Yes
NA= Not applicable
*Trials with a placebo arm are indicated by a yes
╪Excludes patients who did not start treatment: 39 allocated to lumiracoxib, 24 to naproxen and 18 to ibuprofen.
Fig A. Comparison of effects of different COX 2 inhibitors versus placebo, subdivided by daily dose of each individual drug (posted as supplied by the authors)
Fig B. Comparison of effects of different COX 2 inhibitors versus placebo, subdivided by regular aspirin use at trial entry (posted as supplied by the authors)
Web reference list (posted as supplied by the authors)w1. Schnitzer TJ, Truitt K, Fleischmann R, Dalgin P, Block J, Zeng Qet al. The safety profile, tolerability, and effective dose range of rofecoxib in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Phase II Rofecoxib Rheumatoid Arthritis Study Group. Clin Ther 1999;21:1688-702.
w2. van Adelsburg J, Truitt KE, De Tora LM, Anderson M, Fabriele M, Chen PYet al. One-year results from an active comparator-controlled trial of rofecoxib in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Arthritis Rheum 2002;1: S336-S337.
w3. Geusens PP, Truitt K, Sfikakis P, Zhao PL, DeTora L, Shingo Set al. A placebo and active comparator-controlled trial of rofecoxib for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 2002;31:230-8.
w4. Hawkey CJ, Laine L, Simon T, Quan H, Shingo S, Evans J. Incidence of gastroduodenal ulcers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis after 12 weeks of rofecoxib, naproxen, or placebo: a multicentre, randomised, double blind study. Gut 2003;52:820-6.
w5. Ehrich EW, Schnitzer TJ, McIlwain H, Levy R, Wolfe F, Weisman Met al. Effect of specific COX-2 inhibition in osteoarthritis of the knee: a 6 week double blind, placebo controlled pilot study of rofecoxib. Rofecoxib Osteoarthritis Pilot Study Group. J Rheumatol 1999;26:2438-47.
w6. Ehrich EW, Bolognese JA, Watson DJ, Kong SX. Effect of Rofecoxib Therapy on Measures of Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Osteoarthritis. Am J Manag Care 2001;7:609-16
w7. Saag K, van der Heijde D, Fisher C, Samara A, DeTora L, Bolognese Jet al. Rofecoxib, a new cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, shows sustained efficacy, comparable with other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a 6-week and a 1-year trial in patients with osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Studies Group. Arch Fam Med 2000;9:1124-34.
w8. Day R, Morrison B, Luza A, Castaneda O, Strusberg A, Nahir Met al. A randomized trial of the efficacy and tolerability of the COX-2 inhibitor rofecoxib vs ibuprofen in patients with osteoarthritis. Rofecoxib/Ibuprofen Comparator Study Group. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:1781-7.
w9. Laine L, Harper S, Simon T, Bath R, Johanson J, Schwartz Het al. A randomized trial comparing the effect of rofecoxib, a cyclooxygenase 2-specific inhibitor, with that of ibuprofen on the gastroduodenal mucosa of patients with osteoarthritis.Rofecoxib Osteoarthritis Endoscopy Study Group. Gastroenterology 1999;117:776-83.
w10. Hawkey C, Laine L, Simon T, Beaulieu A, Maldonado-Cocco J, Acevedo Eet al. Comparison of the effect of rofecoxib (a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor), ibuprofen, and placebo on the gastroduodenal mucosa of patients with osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The Rofecoxib Osteoarthritis Endoscopy Multinational Study Group. Arthritis Rheum 2000;43:370-7.
w11. Truitt KE, Sperling RS, Ettinger WH Jr, Greenwald M, DeTora L, Zeng Qet al. A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the safety profile, tolerability, and efficacy of rofecoxib in advanced elderly patients with osteoarthritis. Aging (Milano) 2001;13:112-21.
w12. Murphy G, DeTora L, Lee M, Gertz B. Effects of rofecoxib and ibuprofen on bone mineral density (BMD) and biochemical indices of bone turnover in patients with osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2003;62(Suppl. 1): Abstract FRI0226.
w13. Kivitz AJ, Greenwald MW, Cohen SB, Polis AB, Najarian DK, Dixon MEet al. Efficacy and safety of rofecoxib 12.5 mg versus nabumetone 1,000 mg in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004;52:666-74.
w14. Battisti WP, Katz NP, Weaver AL, Matsumoto AK, Kivitz AJ, Polis ABet al. Pain management in osteoarthritis: a focus on onset of efficacy-a comparison of rofecoxib, celecoxib, acetaminophen, and nabumetone across four clinical trials. J Pain 2004;5:511-20.
w15. Schnitzer TJ , Kivitz AJ, Greenwald M, Fleischmann RM, Matzura-Wolfe D, Polis ABet al. Rofecoxib provides superior relief of symptoms of osteoarthritis (OA) compared to celecoxib. EULAR, Prague. Ann Rheum Dis 2001;60:236.
w16. Laine L, Maller ES, Yu C, Quan H, Simon T. Ulcer formation with low-dose enteric-coated aspirin and the effect of COX-2 selective inhibition: a double-blind trial. Gastroenterology 2004;127:395-402.
w17. Berenbaum F, Grifka J, Brown JP, Zacher J, Moore A, Krammer Get al. Efficacy of lumiracoxib in osteoarthritis: a review of nine studies. J Int Med Res 2005;33:21-41.
w18. Gibofsky A, Williams GW, McKenna F, Fort JG. Comparing the efficacy of cyclooxygenase 2-specific inhibitors in treating osteoarthritis: appropriate trial design considerations and results of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 2003;48:3102-11.
w19. Birbara C, Sheldon E, Farrell J, Rodgers A, Petruschke, R Robertson, D et al. Comparable efficacy of rofecoxib 12.5mg and celecoxib 200mg in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis 2004; 63(Suppl. 1):Abstract FRI0432.
w20. Ruoff G, Gilderman L, Cohen S, Valenzuela C, Rodgers A, Petruschke Ret al. Treatment of osteoarthritis patients with rofecoxib 12.5 mg and celecoxib 200mg: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Presented at Osteoarthritis Research Society International 2004 ;Abstract P215:118.
w21. Aisen PS, Schafer KA, Grundman M, Pfeiffer E, Sano M, Davis KLet al. Effects of rofecoxib or naproxen vs placebo on Alzheimer disease progression: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003;289:2819-26.
w22. Thal LJ, Ferris SH, Kirby L, Block GA, Lines CR, Yuen Eet al. A randomized, double-blind, study of rofecoxib in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychopharmacology 2005;30:1204-15.
w23. Reines SA, Block GA, Morris JC, Liu G, Nessly ML, Lines CRet al. Rofecoxib: no effect on Alzheimer's disease in a 1-year, randomized, blinded, controlled study. Neurology 2004;62:66-71.
w24. Reicin A, Dibattiste P, Mukhopadhyay S, Korn S, Ramey D, Lines C et al. Cardiovascular safety of rofecoxib in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease or cognitive impairment: an updated pooled analysis. Ann Rheum Dis 2003;62(Suppl.1):407.
w25. Katz N, Ju WD, Krupa DA, Sperling RS, Bozalis Rodgers D, Gertz BJet al. Efficacy and safety of rofecoxib in patients with chronic low back pain: results from two 4-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, double-blind trials. Spine 2003;28:851-8.
w26. Higuchi T, Iwama T, Yoshinaga K, Toyooka M, Taketo MM, Sugihara K. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the effects of rofecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, on rectal polyps in familial adenomatous polyposis patients. Clin Cancer Res 2003;9:4756-60.
w27. Bresalier RS, Sandler RS, Quan H, Bolognese JA, Oxenius B, Horgan Ket al. Cardiovascular events associated with rofecoxib in a colorectal adenoma chemoprevention trial. N Engl J Med 2005;352:1092-102.
w28. Silberstein S, Tepper S, Brandes J, Diamond M, Goldstein J, Winner P et al. Randomised, placebo-controlled trial of rofecoxib in the acute treatment of migraine. Neurology 2004;62:1552-1557.
w29. Hunt RH, Bowen B, Mortensen ER, Simon TJ, James C, Cagliola Aet al. A randomized trial measuring fecal blood loss after treatment with rofecoxib, ibuprofen, or placebo in healthy subjects. Am J Med 2000;109:201-6.
w30. Nickel JC, Pontari M, Moon T, Gittelman M, Malek G, Farrington Jet al. A randomized, placebo controlled, multicenter study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of rofecoxib in the treatment of chronic nonbacterial prostatitis. J Urol 2003;169:1401-5.
w31. Simon LS, Lanza FL, Lipsky PE, Hubbard RC, Talwalker S, Schwartz BDet al. Preliminary study of the safety and efficacy of SC-58635, a novel cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor: efficacy and safety in two placebo-controlled trials in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, and studies of gastrointestinal and platelet effects. Arthritis Rheum 1998;41:1591-602.
w32. Simon LS, Weaver AL, Graham DY, Kivitz AJ, Lipsky PE, Hubbard RCet al. Anti-inflammatory and upper gastrointestinal effects of celecoxib in rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1999;282:1921-8.
w33. Bensen WG, Fiechtner JJ, McMillen JI, Zhao WW, Yu SS, Woods EMet al. Treatment of osteoarthritis with celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor: a randomized controlled trial. Mayo Clin Proc 1999;74:1095-105.
w34. Kivitz AJ, Moskowitz RW, Woods E, Hubbard RC, Verburg KM, Lefkowith JBet al. Comparative efficacy and safety of celecoxib and naproxen in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip. J Int Med Res 2001;29:467-79.
w35. Williams GW, Hubbard RC, Yu SS, Zhao W, Geis GS. Comparison of once-daily and twice-daily administration of celecoxib for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Clin Ther 2001;23:213-27.
w36. McKenna F, Borenstein D, Wendt H, Wallemark C, Lefkowith JB, Geis GS. Celecoxib versus diclofenac in the management of osteoarthritis of the knee. Scand J Rheumatol 2001;30:11-8.
w37. Pincus T, Koch G, Lei H, Mangal B, Sokka T, Moskowitz Ret al. Patient Preference for Placebo, Acetaminophen (paracetamol) or Celecoxib Efficacy Studies (PACES): two randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, crossover clinical trials in patients with knee or hip osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2004;63:931-9.
w38. Birbara CA, Puopolo AD, Munoz DR, Sheldon EA, Mangione A, Bohidar NRet al. Treatment of chronic low back pain with etoricoxib, a new cyclo-oxygenase-2 selective inhibitor: improvement in pain and disability--a randomized, placebo-controlled, 3-month trial. J Pain 2003;4:307-15.
w39. Tannenbaum H, Berenbaum F, Reginster JY, Zacher J, Robinson J, Poor Get al. Lumiracoxib is effective in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: a 13 week, randomised, double blind study versus placebo and celecoxib. Ann Rheum Dis 2004;63:1419-26.
w40. Palmer R, Weiss R, Zusman RM, Haig A, Flavin S, MacDonald B. Effects of nabumetone, celecoxib, and ibuprofen on blood pressure control in hypertensive patients on angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Am J Hypertens 2003;16:135-9.
w41. Phillips RK, Wallace MH, Lynch PM, Hawk E, Gordon GB, Saunders BPet al. A randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study of celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, on duodenal polyposis in familial adenomatous polyposis. Gut 2002;50:857-60.
w42. Solomon SD, McMurray JJ, Pfeffer MA, Wittes J, Fowler R, Finn Pet al. Cardiovascular risk associated with celecoxib in a clinical trial for colorectal adenoma prevention. N Engl J Med 2005;352:1071-80.
w43. Levin B. Celecoxib in adenoma prevention – the PreSAP Trial. Slide presentation at: Meeting of
the FDA Advisory Committee on COX-2 Inhibitors and NSAIDS; February 16-18, 2005; Gaithersburg, MD. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/05/slides/2005-4090S1_09_FDA-Levin.ppt (accessed 2 Dec 2005).
w44. Ta LE, Dionne RA. Treatment of painful temporomandibular joints with a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor: a randomized placebo-controlled comparison of celecoxib to naproxen. Pain 2004;111:13-21.
w45. Dougados M, Behier JM, Jolchine I, Calin A, van der Heijde D, Olivieri Iet al. Efficacy of celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase 2-specific inhibitor, in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis: a six-week controlled study with comparison against placebo and against a conventional nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug. Arthritis Rheum 2001;44:180-5.
w46. DiBattiste PM, Chen C, Viscusi J, Curtis SP, Cannon CP. Etoricoxib has no adverse effects on biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in patients with osteoarthritis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:511A.
w47. Sheldon E, Beaulieu A, Paster Z, Dutta D, Yu S, Sloan VS. Efficacy and tolerability of lumiracoxib in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: a 13-week, randomized, double-blind comparison with celecoxib and placebo. Clin Ther 2005;27:64-77.
w48. Lehmann R, Brzosko M, Kopsa P, Nischik R, Kreisse A, Thurston Het al. Efficacy and tolerability of lumiracoxib 100 mg once daily in knee osteoarthritis: a 13-week, randomized, double-blind study vs. placebo and celecoxib. Curr Med Res Opin 2005;21:517-26.
w49. Curtis SP, Losada B, Bosi-Ferraz M, Saenz R, Miller ER, Ray Pet al. Etoricoxib and diclofenac demonstrate similar efficacy in a 174-week randomized study of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Arthritis Rheum 2003;48(9, Suppl.):S124-S125.
w50. Matsumoto AK, Melian A, Mandel DR, McIlwain HH, Borenstein D, Zhao PLet al. A randomized, controlled, clinical trial of etoricoxib in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2002;29:1623-30.
w51. Collantes E, Curtis SP, Lee KW, Casas N, McCarthy T, Melian Aet al. A multinational randomized, controlled, clinical trial of etoricoxib in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. BMC Fam Pract 2002;3:10.
w52. Hunt RH, Harper S, Callegari P, Yu C, Quan H, Evans Jet al. Complementary studies of the gastrointestinal safety of the cyclo-oxygenase-2-selective inhibitor etoricoxib. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003;17:201-10.
w53. Tsoukas C, Eyster E, Mukhpadhyay S, Giallells K. Efficacy of etoricoxib in the treatment of hemophilic arthropathy. Arthritis Rheum 2001;44:S124-S124.
w54. Gottesdiener K, Schnitzer T, Fisher C, Bockow B, Markenson J, Ko Aet al. Results of a randomized, dose-ranging trial of etoricoxib in patients with osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2002;41:1052-61.
w55. Reginster JY , Fischer CL, Beaulieu A, Malmstrom K, Curtis SP, Miller ERet al. Etoricoxib demonstrates similar efficacy and improved gastrointestinal safety compared to naproxen in two 138-week randomized studies of osteoarthritis patients. Ann Rheum Dis 2004;63:Abstract FRI0394.
w56. Leung AT, Malmstrom K, Gallacher AE, Sarembock B, Poor G, Beaulieu Aet al. Efficacy and tolerability profile of etoricoxib in patients with osteoarthritis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo and active-comparator controlled 12-week efficacy trial. Curr Med Res Opin 2002;18:49-58.
w57. Hunt RH, Harper S, Watson DJ, Yu C, Quan H, Lee Met al. The gastrointestinal safety of the COX-2 selective inhibitor etoricoxib assessed by both endoscopy and analysis of upper gastrointestinal events. Am J Gastroenterol 2003;98:1725-33.
w58. Wiesenhutter CW, Boice JA, Ko A, Sheldon EA, Murphy FT, Wittmer BAet al. Evaluation of the comparative efficacy of etoricoxib and ibuprofen for treatment of patients with osteoarthritis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Mayo Clin Proc 2005;80:470-9.
w59. van der Heijde D, Baraf HS, Ramos-Remus C, Calin A, Weaver AL, Schiff Met al. Evaluation of the efficacy of etoricoxib in ankylosing spondylitis: results of a fifty-two-week, randomized, controlled study. Arthritis Rheum 2005;52:1205-15.
w60. Pallay RM, Seger W, Adler JL, Ettlinger RE, Quaidoo EA, Lipetz Ret al. Etoricoxib reduced pain and disability and improved quality of life in patients with chronic low back pain: a 3 month, randomized, controlled trial. Scand J Rheumatol 2004;33:257-66.
w61. Schnitzer TJ, Gitton X, Jayawardene S, Sloan VS. Lumiracoxib in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and acute postoperative dental pain: results of three dose-response studies. Curr Med Res Opin 2005;21:151-61.
w62. Geusens P, Alten R, Rovensky J, Sloan VS, Krammer G, Kralidis Get al. Efficacy, safety and tolerability of lumiracoxib in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Clin Pract 2004;58:1033-41.
w63. Pavelka K, Nayiager S, Kivitz A, Patel N, Yu S, Sloan V. Efficacy and tolerability of lumiracoxib in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: A 13-week, randomized, double-blind study. Ann Rheum Dis 2004;63:280 (Abstract FRI0107).
w64. Schnitzer TJ, Beier J, Geusens P, Hasler P, Patel SK, Senftleber Iet al. Efficacy and safety of four doses of lumiracoxib versus diclofenac in patients with knee or hip primary osteoarthritis: a phase II, four-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 2004;51:549-57.
w65. Benevolenskaya L, Tuzun S, Hagin E, Moore A, Gimona A. Lumiracoxib is effective in relieving symptoms of knee or hip osteoarthritis after 4 weeks of treatment: results from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis 2003;62:270 (Abstract FR10246).
w66. Grifka JK, Zacher J, Brown JP, Seriolo B, Lee A, Moore Aet al. Efficacy and tolerability of lumiracoxib versus placebo in patients with osteoarthritis of the hand. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2004;22:589-96.
w67. Sikes DH, Agrawal NM, Zhao WW, Kent JD, Recker DP, Verburg KM. Incidence of gastroduodenal ulcers associated with valdecoxib compared with that of ibuprofen and diclofenac in patients with osteoarthritis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002;14:1101-11.
w68. Makarowski W, Zhao WW, Bevirt T, Recker DP. Efficacy and safety of the COX-2 specific inhibitor valdecoxib in the management of osteoarthritis of the hip: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison with naproxen. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2002;10:290-6.
w69. Kivitz A, Eisen G, Zhao WW, Bevirt T, Recker DP. Randomized placebo-controlled trial comparing efficacy and safety of valdecoxib with naproxen in patients with osteoarthritis. J Fam Pract 2002;51:530-7.
w70. Bensen W, Weaver A, Espinoza L, Zhao WW, Riley W, Paperiello Bet al. Efficacy and safety of valdecoxib in treating the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, controlled comparison with placebo and naproxen. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2002;41 :1008-16.
w71. Coats TL, Borenstein DG, Nangia NK, Brown MT. Effects of valdecoxib in the treatment of chronic low back pain: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Ther 2004;26:1249-60.
w72. Bombardier C, Laine L, Reicin A, Shapiro D, Burgos-Vargas R, Davis Bet al. Comparison of upper gastrointestinal toxicity of rofecoxib and naproxen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. VIGOR Study Group. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1520-8.
w73. Myllykangas-Luosujarvi R, Lu HS, Chen SL, Choon D, Amante C, Chow CTet al. Comparison of low-dose rofecoxib versus 1000 mg naproxen in patients with osteoarthritis. Results of two randomized treatment trals of six weeks duration. Scand J Rheumatol 2002;31 :337-44.
w74. Lisse JR, Perlman M, Johansson G, Shoemaker JR, Schechtman J, Skalky CSet al. Gastrointestinal tolerability and effectiveness of rofecoxib versus naproxen in the treatment of osteoarthritis: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2003;139:539-46.
w75. Goodman S, Ferrandiz M, Kiss MH, St Rose E, Chen PY, Frontera Net al. Rofecoxib demonstrates long-term safety and tolerability in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:S94-S95.
w76. Sowers JR, White WB, Pitt B, Whelton A, Simon LS, Winer Net al. The Effects of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory therapy on 24-hour blood pressure in patients with hypertension, osteoarthritis, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 2005;165:161-8.
w77. Farkouh ME, Kirshner H, Harrington RA, Ruland S, Verheugt FW, Schnitzer TJet al. Comparison of lumiracoxib with naproxen and ibuprofen in the Therapeutic Arthritis Research and Gastrointestinal Event Trial (TARGET), cardiovascular outcomes: randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2004;364:675-84.
w78. Scott G, Rordorf C, Milosavljev S, Chase W, Fleischmann RM, and Kivitz AJ. Multiple-dose lumiracoxib shows rapid absorption and COX-2 selectivity without accumulation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. European collaboration: Towards drug development and rational drug therapy. Proceedings of the Sixth Congress of the European Association for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics , 124 (Abstract P-197). 2003. Springer-Verlag. In Tulunay FC, Orme M editors.
w79. Cannon GW, Caldwell JR, Holt P, McLean B, Seidenberg B, Bolognese Jet al. Rofecoxib, a specific inhibitor of cyclooxygenase 2, with clinical efficacy comparable with that of diclofenac sodium: results of a one-year, randomized, clinical trial in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee and hip. Rofecoxib Phase III Protocol 035 Study Group. Arthritis Rheum 2000;43:978-87.
w80. Acevedo E, Castaneda O, Ugaz M, Beaulieu AD, Pons-Estel B, Caeiro Fet al. Tolerability profiles of rofecoxib (Vioxx) and Arthrotec. A comparison of six weeks treatment in patients with osteoarthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 2001;30:19-24.
w81. Emery P, Zeidler H, Kvien TK, Guslandi M, Naudin R, Stead Het al. Celecoxib versus diclofenac in long-term management of rheumatoid arthritis: randomised double-blind comparison. Lancet 1999;354:2106-11.
w82. Kivitz AJ, Nayiager S, Schimansky T, Gimona A, Thurston HJ, Hawkey C. Reduced incidence of gastroduodenal ulcers associated with lumiracoxib compared with ibuprofen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;19:1189-98.
w83. McKenna F, Arguelles L, Burke T, Lefkowith J, Geis GS. Upper gastrointestinal tolerability of celecoxib compared with diclofenac in the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2002;20:35-43.
w84. Izhar M, Alausa T, Folker A, Hung E, Bakris GL. Effects of COX inhibition on blood pressure and kidney function in ACE inhibitor-treated blacks and hispanics. Hypertension 2004;43:573-7.
w85. Hawkey CC, Svoboda P, Fiedorowicz-Fabrycy IF, Nasonov EL, Pikhlak EG, Cousin Met al. Gastroduodenal safety and tolerability of lumiracoxib compared with Ibuprofen and celecoxib in patients with osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol 2004;31:1804-10.
w86. Silverstein FE, Faich G, Goldstein JL, Simon LS, Pincus T, Whelton Aet al. Gastrointestinal toxicity with celecoxib vs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: the CLASS study: A randomized controlled trial. Celecoxib Long-term Arthritis Safety Study. JAMA 2000;284:1247-55.
w87. Chan FK, Hung LC, Suen BY, Wu JC, Lee KC, Leung VKet al. Celecoxib versus diclofenac and omeprazole in reducing the risk of recurrent ulcer bleeding in patients with arthritis. N Engl J Med 2002;347:2104-10.
w88. Zacher J, Feldman D, Gerli R, Scott D, Hou SM, Uebelhart Det al. A comparison of the therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of etoricoxib and diclofenac in patients with osteoarthritis. Curr Med Res Opin 2003;19:725-36.
w89. Baraf H, Fuentealba C, Greenwald M, Brzezicki J, O'Brien K, Soffer Bet al. Tolerability and effectiveness of etoricoxib compared to diclofenac sodium in patients with osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled study (EDGE trial). Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:S346-7.
w90. Pavelka K, Recker DP, Verburg KM. Valdecoxib is as effective as diclofenac in the management of rheumatoid arthritis with a lower incidence of gastroduodenal ulcers: results of a 26-week trial. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2003;42:1207-15.
Cited by...
- Inflammatory Joint Diseases and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Modern Rheumatology
- Adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with viral respiratory infections: rapid systematic review
- Cardiovascular and Bleeding Risks Associated With Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs After Myocardial Infarction
- INTREPAD: A randomized trial of naproxen to slow progress of presymptomatic Alzheimer disease
- A Network Integration Approach for Drug-Target Interaction Prediction and Computational Drug Repositioning from Heterogeneous Information
- Effect of Aspirin Coadministration on the Safety of Celecoxib, Naproxen, or Ibuprofen
- 2017 AHA/ACC Clinical Performance and Quality Measures for Adults With ST-Elevation and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures
- 2017 AHA/ACC Clinical Performance and Quality Measures for Adults With ST-Elevation and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of heart failure in four European countries: nested case-control study
- Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs for Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Cochrane Review
- Oxidative stress and abdominal aortic aneurysm: potential treatment targets
- Statistical Controversies in Reporting of Clinical Trials: Part 2 of a 4-Part Series on Statistics for Clinical Trials
- CRP and ASDAS are associated with future elevated arterial stiffness, a risk marker of cardiovascular disease, in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: results after 5-year follow-up
- DTB Select: 2 | February 2015
- 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
- 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
- 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
- 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
- Differential impairment of aspirin-dependent platelet cyclooxygenase acetylation by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
- Current Concepts in Colorectal Cancer Prevention with Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a nationwide cohort study
- Anti-Inflammatory Strategies for Ventricular Remodeling Following ST-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction
- Aspirin and Colorectal Cancer: Back to the Future
- Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and the Heart
- Endothelial Dysfunction in Small Arteries of Essential Hypertensive Patients: Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Oxidative Stress Generation
- 2012 ACCF/AHA Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACCF/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
- 2012 ACCF/AHA Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACCF/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
- Platelet activation and inhibition in polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia
- 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
- 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
- Methodology of a large prospective, randomised, open, blinded endpoint streamlined safety study of celecoxib versus traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis: protocol of the standard care versus celecoxib outcome trial (SCOT)
- Long-Term Cardiovascular Risk of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use According to Time Passed After First-Time Myocardial Infarction: A Nationwide Cohort Study
- Postoperative use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with anastomotic leakage requiring reoperation after colorectal resection: cohort study based on prospective data
- Pain Pharmacotherapy in Patients with Inflammatory Arthritis and Concurrent Cardiovascular or Renal Disease: A Cochrane Systematic Review
- Vascular COX-2 Modulates Blood Pressure and Thrombosis in Mice
- Conservative management of patients with an osteoporotic vertebral fracture: A review of the literature
- Royal College of Pathologists' autopsy guidelines on sudden cardiac death: roles for cannabis, cotinine, NSAIDs and psychology
- Risk of ST versus non-ST elevation myocardial infarction associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) related inhibition of aldosterone glucuronidation and arterial dysfunction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional clinical study
- Potent Kinetic Stabilizers That Prevent Transthyretin-Mediated Cardiomyocyte Proteotoxicity
- Cardiovascular Risk Markers and Mechanisms in Targeting the COX Pathway for Colorectal Cancer Prevention
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and risk of atrial fibrillation or flutter: population based case-control study
- 2011 ACCF/AHA Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
- 2011 ACCF/AHA Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
- ASAS recommendations for collecting, analysing and reporting NSAID intake in clinical trials/epidemiological studies in axial spondyloarthritis
- Cardiovascular safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: network meta-analysis
- Molecular Basis for Cyclooxygenase Inhibition by the Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Naproxen
- Part 10: Acute Coronary Syndromes: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care
- Phase III Randomized Trial Assessing Rofecoxib in the Adjuvant Setting of Colorectal Cancer: Final Results of the VICTOR Trial
- Part 9: Acute Coronary Syndromes: 2010 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations
- Acyl chain-dependent effect of lysophosphatidylcholine on endothelial prostacyclin production
- Designing Comparative Effectiveness Research On Prescription Drugs: Lessons From The Clinical Trial Literature
- Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Increase TNF Production in Rheumatoid Synovial Membrane Cultures and Whole Blood
- Increased Risk of Stroke Associated With Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: A Nationwide Case-Crossover Study
- Assessment of gastrointestinal and cardiovascular risk in patients with osteoarthritis who require NSAIDs: the LOGICA study
- Cause-Specific Cardiovascular Risk Associated With Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs Among Healthy Individuals
- Acute myocardial infarction following ingestion of a non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
- Molecular basis of cyclooxygenase enzymes (COXs) selective inhibition
- Using NSAIDs in cardiovascular disease
- Taking the stress out of managing gout
- Chemopreventive Efficacy of Naproxen and Nitric Oxide-naproxen in Rodent Models of Colon, Urinary Bladder, and Mammary Cancers
- Rheumatoid arthritis versus diabetes as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study, the CARRE Investigation
- Disruption of Cholesterol Efflux by Coxib Medications and Inflammatory Processes: Link to Increased Cardiovascular Risk
- Cost effectiveness of COX 2 selective inhibitors and traditional NSAIDs alone or in combination with a proton pump inhibitor for people with osteoarthritis
- The balance between severe cardiovascular and gastrointestinal events among users of selective and non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use does not appear to be associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in patients with inflammatory polyarthritis: results from a primary care based inception cohort of patients
- Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Cardiovascular Risk: Is Prostacyclin Inhibition the Key Event?
- Role of Dose Potency in the Prediction of Risk of Myocardial Infarction Associated With Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in the General Population
- Incomplete Inhibition of Thromboxane Biosynthesis by Acetylsalicylic Acid: Determinants and Effect on Cardiovascular Risk
- Cyclooxygenase 2-Selective and Nonselective Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Induce Oxidative Stress by Up-Regulating Vascular NADPH Oxidases
- MF63 [2-(6-Chloro-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl)-isophthalonitrile], a Selective Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase-1 Inhibitor, Relieves Pyresis and Pain in Preclinical Models of Inflammation
- Nonaspirin NSAIDs, Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors, and the Risk for Stroke
- N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Concentrations Predict the Risk of Cardiovascular Adverse Events from Antiinflammatory Drugs: A Pilot Trial
- Absence of Cyclooxygenase-2 Exacerbates Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension and Enhances Contractility of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
- NSAIDs and cardiovascular disease
- Cyclooxygenase-2 dependent and independent antitumor effects induced by celecoxib in urinary bladder cancer cells
- Gastrointestinal tolerability of etoricoxib in rheumatoid arthritis patients: results of the etoricoxib vs diclofenac sodium gastrointestinal tolerability and effectiveness trial (EDGE-II)
- Aspirin: Promise and Resistance in the New Millennium
- Advice to use topical or oral ibuprofen for chronic knee pain in older people: randomised controlled trial and patient preference study
- 2007 Focused Update of the ACC/AHA 2004 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: Developed in Collaboration With the Canadian Cardiovascular Society Endorsed by the American Academy of Family Physicians: 2007 Writing Group to Review New Evidence and Update the ACC/AHA 2004 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Writing on Behalf of the 2004 Writing Committee
- 2007 Focused Update of the ACC/AHA 2004 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
- EULAR evidence-based recommendations on the management of systemic glucocorticoid therapy in rheumatic diseases
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and myocardial infarctions: comparative systematic review of evidence from observational studies and randomised controlled trials
- ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction--Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) Developed in Collaboration with the American College of Emergency Physicians, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and the Society of Thoracic SurgeonsEndorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
- ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) Developed in Collaboration with the American College of Emergency Physicians, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
- Human Pharmacology of Naproxen Sodium
- Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of etoricoxib compared with naproxen in two, 138-week randomised studies of patients with osteoarthritis
- Approach to managing musculoskeletal pain: Acetaminophen, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, or traditional NSAIDs?
- Progressive drug licensing: An opportunity to achieve transparency and accountability?