Systematic review and meta-analysis of ethnic differences in risks of adverse reactions to drugs used in cardiovascular medicine
BMJ 2006; 332 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38803.528113.55 (Published 18 May 2006) Cite this as: BMJ 2006;332:1177Data supplement
Appendix 1 — Embase search strategy
Appendix 1 — Embase search strategy [posted as supplied by author]ADRs
1. (Agents-Acting-On-The-Auditory-and-Vestibular-Systems-AE#.DE. OR Agents-Acting-On-The-Auditory-and-Vestibular-Systems-IT#.DE. OR Agents-Acting-On-The-Auditory-and-Vestibular-Systems-TO#.DE.)
3,233
2. (Agents-Acting-On-The-Eye-AE#.DE. OR Agents-Acting-On-The-Eye-IT#.DE. OR Agents-Acting-On-The-Eye-TO#.DE.)
20,418
3. (Agents-Acting-On-The-Genital-System-AE#.DE. OR Agents-Acting-On-The-Genital-System-IT#.DE. OR Agents-Acting-On-The-Genital-System-TO#.DE.)
25,538
4. (Agents-Affecting-Metabolism-AE#.DE. OR Agents-Affecting-Metabolism-IT#.DE. OR Agents-Affecting-Metabolism-TO#.DE.)
122,912
5. (Agents-Affecting-Water-Molecule-Or-Ion-Transport-AE#.DE. OR Agents-Affecting-Water-Molecule-Or-Ion-Transport-IT#.DE. OR Agents-Affecting-Water-Molecule-Or-Ion-Transport-TO#.DE.)
17,615
6. (Agents-Interacting-With-Transmitter-Hormone-Or-Drug-Receptors-AE#.DE. OR Agents-Interacting-With-Transmitter-Hormone-Or-Drug-Receptors-IT#.DE. OR Agents-Interacting-With-Transmitter-Hormone-Or-Drug-Receptors-TO#.DE.)
6
7. (Agents-Used-In-Emergency-Medicine-AE#.DE. OR Agents-Used-In-Emergency-Medicine-IT#.DE. OR Agents-Used-In-Emergency-Medicine-TO#.DE.)
8,682
8. (Analgesic-Antiinflammatory-Antirheumatic-and-Antigout-Agents-AE#.DE. OR Analgesic-Antiinflammatory-Antirheumatic-and-Antigout-Agents-IT#.DE. OR Analgesic-Antiinflammatory-Antirheumatic-and-Antigout-Agents-TO#.DE.)
2
9. (Antiinfective-Agent-AE#.DE. OR Antiinfective-Agent-IT#.DE. OR Antiinfective-Agent-TO#.DE.)
100,954
10. (Antineoplastic-Agent-AE#.DE. OR Antineoplastic-Agent-IT#.DE. OR Antineoplastic-Agent-TO#.DE.)
95,431
11. (Antiparasitic-Agent-AE#.DE. OR Antiparasitic-Agent-IT#.DE. OR Antiparasitic-Agent-TO#.DE.)
15,597
12. (Biologic-Factors-and-Agents-Acting-On-The-Immune-System-AE#.DE. OR Biologic-Factors-and-Agents-Acting-On-The-Immune-System-IT#.DE. OR Biologic-Factors-and-Agents-Acting-On-The-Immune-System-TO#.DE.)
89,039
13. (Biomedical-and-Dental-Materials-AE#.DE. OR Biomedical-and-Dental-Materials-IT#.DE. OR Biomedical-and-Dental-Materials-TO#.DE.)
2,973
14. (Cardiovascular-Agent-AE#.DE. OR Cardiovascular-Agent-IT#.DE. OR Cardiovascular-Agent-TO#.DE.)
77,149
15. (Central-Nervous-System-Agents-AE#.DE. OR Central-Nervous-System-Agents-IT#.DE. OR Central-Nervous-System-Agents-TO#.DE.)
103,019
16. (Dermatological-Agent-AE#.DE. OR Dermatological-Agent-IT#.DE. OR Dermatological-Agent-TO#.DE.)
25,448
17. (Diagnostic-Agent-AE#.DE. OR Diagnostic-Agent-IT#.DE. OR Diagnostic-Agent-TO#.DE.)
32,640
18. (Digestive-Tract-Agent-AE#.DE. OR Digestive-Tract-Agent-IT#.DE. OR Digestive-Tract-Agent-TO#.DE.)
42,353
19. (Drugs-Used-In-The-Treatment-Of-Addiction-AE#.DE. OR Drugs-Used-In-The-Treatment-Of-Addiction-IT#.DE. OR Drugs-Used-In-The-Treatment-Of-Addiction-TO#.DE.)
6,765
20. (Hematologic-Agent-AE#.DE. OR Hematologic-Agent-IT#.DE. OR Hematologic-Agent-TO#.DE.)
37,333
21. (Hormones-and-Agents-Acting-On-The-Endocrine-System-AE#.DE. OR Hormones-and-Agents-Acting-On-The-Endocrine-System-IT#.DE. OR Hormones-and-Agents-Acting-On-The-Endocrine-System-TO#.DE.)
67,731
22. (Miscellaneous-Drugs-and-Agents-AE#.DE. OR Miscellaneous-Drugs-and-Agents-IT#.DE. OR Miscellaneous-Drugs-and-Agents-TO#.DE.)
4,756
23. (Natural-Product-AE#.DE. OR Natural-Product-IT#.DE. OR Natural-Product-TO#.DE.)
185,633
24. (Organic-Compound-AE#.DE. OR Organic-Compound-IT#.DE. OR Organic-Compound-TO#.DE.)
289,122
25. (Pharmaceutical-Vehicles-and-Additives-AE#.DE. OR Pharmaceutical-Vehicles-and-Additives-IT#.DE. OR Pharmaceutical-Vehicles-and-Additives-TO#.DE.)
24,309
26. (Respiratory-Tract-Agent-AE#.DE. OR Respiratory-Tract-Agent-IT#.DE. OR Respiratory-Tract-Agent-TO#.DE.)
20,085
27. (Urinary-Tract-Agent-AE#.DE. OR Urinary-Tract-Agent-IT#.DE. OR Urinary-Tract-Agent-TO#.DE.)
25,184
28. Therapy-AE#.DE. OR Therapy-IT#.DE. OR Therapy-TO#.DE.)
144
29. (adverse ADJ drug OR adverse ADJ reaction OR side ADJ effect).TW.
524,887
30. or / 1-29
721,323
31. Restrict 29 to articles relating to humans
540,102
Ethnicity
32. (Aborigine$ OR Aboriginal$ OR Indigenous people$ OR Indigenous population$ OR Maori$).AB. OR (Aborigine$ OR Aboriginal$ OR Indigenous people$ OR Indigenous population$ OR Maori$).TI.
3,613
33. (Inuit$ OR Eskimo$ OR Aleut$).AB. OR (Inuit$ OR Eskimo$ OR Aleut$).TI.
1,324
34. (Native American OR Native Americans OR Native Canadian OR Native Canadians OR Native Alaskan OR Native Alaskans OR American Native$ OR Alaskan Native$ OR Canadian Native$ OR American Indian$ OR Canadian Indian$ OR Amerind$).AB. OR (Native American OR Native Americans OR Native Canadian OR Native Canadians OR Native Alaskan OR Native Alaskans OR American Native$ OR Alaskan Native$ OR Canadian Native$ OR American Indian$ OR Canadian Indian$ OR Amerind$).TI.
3,729
35. (Negro$ OR Afro$ OR African).AB. OR (Black NEAR Race OR Black NEAR Ethnic$).AB. OR (Negro$ OR Afro$ OR African).TI. OR (Black NEAR Race OR Black NEAR Ethnic$).TI.
34,143
36. (Caucasian$ OR Caucasoid$ OR Europid$ OR white NEAR race OR white NEAR ethn$).AB. OR (Caucasian$ OR Caucasoid$ OR Europid$ OR white NEAR race OR white NEAR ethn$).TI.
19,132
37. (Arabs OR Arabic OR Bedouin$ OR Semit$ OR Jew$ OR Israeli$).AB. NOT (Gum ADJ Arabic).AB. OR (Arabs OR Arabic OR Bedouin$ OR Semit$ OR Jew$ OR Israeli$).TI. NOT (Gum ADJ Arabic).TI.
12,726
38. (Asian$ OR Chinese OR Japanese OR Oriental$ OR Thai$ OR Phillipino$ OR Filipino$ OR Taiwanese).AB. OR (Asian$ OR Chinese OR Japanese OR Oriental$ OR Thai$ OR Phillipino$ OR Filipino$ OR Taiwanese).TI.
120,676
39. (Indians OR Bengalis OR Kashmiris OR Gujaratis OR Tamils OR Bangladeshi OR Pakistani OR Sri Lankan).AB. OR (Indians OR Bengalis OR Kashmiris OR Gujaratis OR Tamils OR Bangladeshi OR Pakistani OR Sri Lankan).TI.
16,937
40. Hispanic$.AB. OR Hispanic$.TI. OR Latino$.AB. OR Latino$.TI.
7,934
41. Nonwhite.AB. OR Nonwhite.TI. OR minority.AB. OR minority.TI.
19,281
42. (32 and 33) OR (32 and 34) OR (32 and 35) OR (32 and 36) OR (32 and 37) OR (32 and 38) OR (32 and 39) OR (32 and 40) OR (32 and 41)
819
43. (33 and 34) OR (33 and 35) OR (33 and 36) OR (33 and 37) OR (33 and 38) OR (33 and 39) OR (33 and 40) OR (33 and 41)
2,793
44. (34 and 35) OR (34 and 36) OR (35 and 37) OR (35 and 38) OR (35 and 39) OR (35 and 40) OR (35 and 41)
363
45. (35 and 36) OR (35 and 37) OR (35 and 38) OR (35 and 39) OR (35 and 40) OR (35 and 41)
8,582
46. (36 and 37) OR (36 and 38) OR (36 and 39) OR (36 and 40) OR (36 and 41)
5,951
47. (37 and 38) OR (37 and 39) OR (37 and 40) OR (37 and 41)
702
48. (38 and 39) OR (38 and 40) OR (38 and 41)
3,832
49. (39 and 40) OR (39 and 41)
1,226
50. 40 and 41
282
51. or / 42-50
18,952
52. Ethnic difference.DE.
7,380
53. Race difference#.DE.
12,393
54. (Race OR Races OR Racial OR Ethnic$ OR Intra race OR Intra Races OR Intra racial OR Intra ethnic$ OR Inter race OR Inter races OR Inter racial OR Inter ethnic$).AB. OR (Race OR Races OR Racial OR Ethnic$ OR Intra race OR Intra Races OR Intra racial OR Intra ethnic$ OR Inter race OR Inter races OR Inter racial OR Inter ethnic$).TI.
50,17335
55. 51 or 52 or 53 or 54
67,978
47. 31 and 46
2,651
48. Remove case reports
2,579
Medline Search Strategy
ADRs
1. Amino-acids-AE#.DE OR Amino-Acids-PO#.DE. OR Amino-Acids-TO#.DE.
15,252
2. Peptides-AE#.DE. OR Peptides-PO#.DE. OR Peptides-TO#.DE.
24,874
3. Proteins-AE#.DE. OR Proteins-PO#.DE. OR Proteins-TO#.DE.
26,986
4. Anti-allergeic-agents-AE#.DE. OR Anti-allergeic-agents-PO#.DE. OR Anti-allergeic-agents-TO#.DE.
2,132
5. Respiratory-system-agents-AE#.DE. OR Respiratory-system-agents-PO#.DE. OR Respiratory-system-agents-TO#.DE.
14,115
6. Anti-inflammatory-agents-AE#.DE. OR Anti-inflammatory-agents-PO#.DE. OR Anti-inflammatory-agents-TO#.DE.
34,727
7. Anti-rheumatic-agents-AE#.DE. OR Anti-rheumatic-agents-PO#.DE. OR Anti-rheumatic-agents-TO#.DE.
42,147
8. Inflammation-mediators-AE#.DE. OR Inflammation-mediators-PO#.DE. OR Inflammation-mediators-TO#.DE.
4,157
9. Antineoplastic-agents-AE#.DE. OR Antineoplastic-agents-PO#.DE. OR Antineoplastic-agents-TO#.DE.
88,974
10. Immunosuppressive-agents-AE#.DE. OR Immunosuppressive-agents-PO#.DE. OR Immunosuppressive-agents-TO#.DE.
31,189
11. Carbohydrates-AE#.DE. OR Carbohydrates-PO#.DE. OR Carbohydrates-TO#.DE.
47,330
12. Cardiovascular-agents-AE#.DE. OR Cardiovascular-agents-PO#.DE. OR Cardiovascular-agents-TO#.DE.
64,275
13. Central-nervous-system-agents-AE#.DE. OR Central-nervous-system-agents-PO#.DE. OR Central-nervous-system-agents-TO#.DE.
122,287
14. Alkylating-agents-AE#.DE. OR Alkylating-agents-PO#.DE. OR Alkylating-agents-TO#.DE.
14,941
15. Angiotensin-II-type-1-receptor-blockers-AE#.DE. OR Angiotensin-II-type-1-receptor-blockers-PO#.DE. OR Angiotensin-II-type-1-receptor-blockers-TO#.DE.
201
16. Antimetabolites-AE#.DE. OR Antimetabolites-PO#.DE. OR Antimetabolites-TO#.DE.
24,527
17. Calcium-channel-agonists-AE#.DE. OR Calcium-channel-agonists-PO#.DE. OR Calcium-channel-agonists-TO#.DE.
343
18. Calcium-channel-blockers-AE#.DE. OR Calcium-channel-blockers-PO#.DE. OR Calcium-channel-blockers-TO#.DE.
5,599
19. Chelating-agents-AE#.DE. OR Chelating-agents-PO#.DE. OR Chelating-agents-TO#.DE.
3,674
20. Enzyme-activators-AE#.DE. OR Enzyme-activators-PO#.DE. OR Enzyme-activators-TO#.DE.
10
21. Enzyme-inhibitors-AE#.DE. OR Enzyme-inhibitors-PO#.DE. OR Enzyme-inhibitors-TO#.DE.
83,486
22. Enzyme-reactivators-AE#.DE. OR Enzyme-reactivators-PO#.DE. OR Enzyme-reactivators-TO#.DE.
27
23. Fibrinolytic-agents-AE#.DE. OR Fibrinolytic-agents-PO#.DE. OR Fibrinolytic-agents-TO#.DE.
14,000
24. Free-radical-scavengers-AE#.DE. OR Free-radical-scavengers-PO#.DE. OR Free-radical-scavengers-TO#.DE.
3,998
25. HIV-fusion-inhibitors-AE.DE. OR HIV-fusion-inhibitors-PO.DE. OR HIV-fusion-inhibitors-TO.DE.
30
26. Ionophores-AE#.DE. OR Ionophores-PO#.DE. OR Ionophores-TO#.DE.
504
27. Neurotransmitter-agents-AE#.DE. OR Neurotransmitter-agents-PO#.DE. OR Neurotransmitter-agents-TO#.DE.
77,295
28. Nitric-oxide-donors-AE#.DE. OR Nitric-oxide-donors-PO#.DE. OR Nitric-oxide-donors-TO#.DE.
727
29. Potassium-channel-blockers-AE#.DE. OR Potassium-channel-blockers-PO#.DE. OR Potassium-channel-blockers-TO#.DE.
83
30. Sodium-channel-blockers-AE#.DE. OR Sodium-channel-blockers-PO#.DE. OR Sodium-channel-blockers-TO#.DE.
29
31. Anesthetics-combined-AE.DE. OR Anesthetics-PO.DE. OR Anesthetics-TO.DE.
126
32. Antispermatogenic-agents-AE#.DE. OR Antispermatogenic-agents-PO#.DE. OR Antispermatogenic-agents-TO#.DE.
251
33. Astringents-AE#.DE. OR Astringents-PO#.DE. OR Astringents-TO#.DE.
50
34. Central-nervous-system-depressants-AE#.DE. OR Central-nervous-system-depressants-PO#.DE. OR Central-nervous-system-depressants-TO#.DE.
68,544
35. Central-nervous-system-stimulants-AE#.DE. OR Central-nervous-system-stimulants-PO#.DE. OR Central-nervous-system-stimulants-TO#.DE.
7,073
36. Emetics-AE#.DE. OR Emetics-PO#.DE. OR Emetics-TO#.DE.
256
37. Growth-substances-AE#.DE. OR Growth-substances-PO#.DE. OR Growth-substances-TO#.DE.
10,285
38. Hallucinogens-AE#.DE. OR Hallucinogens-PO#.DE. OR Hallucinogens-TO#.DE.
2,591
39. Hormones-hormone-substitutes-and-hormone-antagonists-AE#.DE. OR Hormones-hormone-substitutes-and-hormone-antagonists-PO#.DE. OR Hormones-hormone-substitutes-and-hormone-antagonists-TO#.DE.
43,787
40. Hypnotics-and-sedatives-AE#.DE. OR Hypnotics-and-sedatives-PO#.DE. OR Hypnotics-and-sedatives-TO#.DE.
10,518
41. Hypoglycemic-agents-AE#.DE. OR Hypoglycemic-agents-PO#.DE. OR Hypoglycemic-agents-TO#.DE.
5,138
42. Immunologic-and-biological-factors-AE#.DE. OR Immunologic-and-biological-factors-PO#.DE. OR Immunologic-and-biological-factors-TO#.DE.
100,095
43. Muscle-relaxants-central-AE#.DE. OR Muscle-relaxants-central-PO#.DE OR Muscle-relaxants-central-TO#.DE.
3,365
44. Narcotic-antagonists-AE#.DE. OR Narcotic-antagonists-PO#.DE. OR Narcotic-antagonists-TO#.DE.
1,485
45. Natriuretic-agents-AE#.DE. OR Natriuretic-agents-PO#.DE. OR Natriuretic-agents-TO#.DE.
12
46. Neurotransmitter-agents-AE#.DE. OR Neurotransmitter-agents-PO#.DE. OR Neurotransmitter-agents-TO#.DE.
77,295
47. Peripheral-nervous-system-agents-AE#.DE. OR Peripheral-nervous-system-agents-PO#.DE. OR Peripheral-nervous-system-agents-TO#.DE.
82,883
48. Protective-agents-AE#.DE. OR Protective-agents-PO#.DE. OR Protective-agents-TO#.DE.
19,279
49. Reproductive-control-agents-AE#.DE. OR Reproductive-control-agents-PO#.DE. OR Reproductive-control-agents-TO#.DE.
26,887
50. Anti-allergic-and-respiratory-system-agents-AE#.DE. OR Anti-allergic-and-respiratory-system-agents-PO#.DE. OR Anti-allergic-and-respiratory-system-agents-TO.DE.
15,317
51. Anti-infective-agents-AE#.DE. OR Anti-infective-agents-PO#.DE. OR Anti-infective-agents-TO#.DE.
94,473
52. Antilipemic-agents-AE#.DE. OR Antilipemic-agents-PO#.DE. OR Antilipemic-agents-TO#.DE.
3,697
53. Antineoplastic-and-immunosuppressive-agents-AE#.DE. OR Antineoplastic-and-immunosuppressive-agents-PO#.DE. OR Antineoplastic-and-immunosuppressive-agents-TO#.DE.
99,563
54. Dermatologic-agents-AE#.DE. OR Dermatologic-agents-PO#.DE. OR Dermatologic-agents-TO#.DE.
16,794
55. Hematologic-gastrointestinal-and-renal-agents-AE#.DE. OR Hematologic-gastrointestinal-and-renal-agents-PO#.DE. OR Hematologic-gastrointestinal-and-renal-agents-TO#.DE.
61,170
56. Coenzymes-AE#.DE. OR Coenzymes-PO#.DE. OR Coenzymes-TO#.DE.
196
57. Cytochromes-AE#.DE. OR Cytochromes-PO#.DE. OR Cytochromes-TO#.DE.
32
58. Enzyme-precursors-AE#.DE. OR Enzyme-precursors-PO#.DE. OR Enzyme-precursors-TO#.DE.
185
59. Enzymes-AE#.DE. OR Enzymes-PO#.DE. OR Enzymes-TO#.DE.
6,147
60. Micronutrients-AE#.DE. OR Micronutrients-PO#.DE. OR Micronutrients-TO#.DE.
19
61. Vitamins-AE#.DE. OR Vitamins-PO#.DE. OR Vitamins-TO#.DE.
6,716
62. Gastrointestinal-agents-AE#.DE. OR Gastrointestinal-agents-PO#.DE. OR Gastrointestinal-agents-TO#.DE.
22,680
63. Hematologic-agents-AE#.DE. OR Hematologic-agents-PO#.DE. OR Hematologic-agents-TO#.DE.
27,098
64. Renal-agents-AE#.DE. OR Renal-agents-PO#.DE. OR Renal-agents-TO#.DE.
13,026
65. Heterocyclic-compounds-AE#.DE. OR Heterocyclic-compounds-PO#.DE. OR Heterocyclic-compounds-TO#.DE.
161,411
66. Hormone-antagonists-AE#.DE. OR Hormone-antagonists-PO#.DE. OR Hormone-antagonists-TO#.DE.
7,368
67. Hormones-AE#.DE. OR Hormones-PO#.DE. OR Hormones-TO#.DE.
37,309
68. Biological-factors-AE#.DE. OR Biological-factors-PO#.DE. OR Biological-factors-TO#.DE.
37,848
69. Biological-products-AE#.DE. OR Biological-products-PO#.DE. OR Biological-products-TO#.DE.
20,582
70. Immunologic-factors-AE#.DE. OR Immunologic-factors-PO#.DE. OR Immunologic-factors-TO#.DE.
59,538
71. Lipids-AE#.DE. OR Lipids-PO#.DE. OR Lipids-TO#.DE.
23,755
72. Macromolecular-substances-AE#.DE. OR Macromolecular-substances-PO#.DE. OR Macromolecular-substances-TO#.DE.
15,190
73. Neurotransmitter-agents-AE#.DE. OR Neurotransmitter-agents-PO#.DE. OR Neurotransmitter-agents-TO#.DE.
77,295
74. Neurotransmitters-AE#.DE. OR Neurotransmitters-PO#.DE. OR Neurotransmitters-TO#.DE.
8,848
75. Nucleic-acids-nucleotides-and-nucleosides-AE#.DE. OR Nucleic-acids-nucleotides-and-nucleosides-PO#.DE. OR Nucleic-acids-nucleotides-and-nucleosides-TO#.DE.
9,163
76. Nucleic-acids-AE#.DE. OR Nucleic-acids-PO#.DE. OR Nucleic-acids-TO#.DE.
470
77. Nucleosides-AE#.DE. OR Nucleosides-PO#.DE. OR Nucleosides-TO#.DE.
8,157
78. Nucleotides-AE#.DE. OR Nucleotides-PO#.DE. OR Nucleotides-TO#.DE.
824
79. Pharmaceutical-preparations-AE#.DE. OR Pharmaceutical-preparations-PO#.DE. OR Pharmaceutical-preparations-TO#.DE.
15,382
80. Polycyclic-compounds-AE#.DE. OR Polycyclic-compounds-PO#.DE. OR Polycyclic-compounds-TO#.DE.
70,296
81. (Drug-Therapy-AE#.DE.)
28,354
82. (adverse ADJ drug OR adverse ADJ reaction OR side ADJ effect).TW.
125,762
83. or / 1-82
643,895
84. Restrict 83 to humans
505,060
Ethnicity
85. (Aborigine$ OR Aboriginal$ OR Indigenous people$ OR Indigenous population$ OR Maori$).AB. OR (Aborigine$ OR Aboriginal$ OR Indigenous people$ OR Indigenous population$ OR Maori$).TI.
5,342
86. (Inuit$ OR Eskimo$ OR Aleut$).AB. OR (Inuit$ OR Eskimo$ OR Aleut$).TI.
2,057
87. (Native American OR Native Americans OR Native Canadian OR Native Canadians OR Native Alaskan OR Native Alaskans OR American Native$ OR Alaskan Native$ OR Canadian Native$ OR American Indian$ OR Canadian Indian$ OR Amerind$).AB. OR (Native American OR Native Americans OR Native Canadian OR Native Canadians OR Native Alaskan OR Native Alaskans OR American Native$ OR Alaskan Native$ OR Canadian Native$ OR American Indian$ OR Canadian Indian$ OR Amerind$).TI.
5,136
88. (Negro$ OR Afro$ OR African).AB. OR (Black NEAR Race OR Black NEAR Ethnic$).AB. OR (Negro$ OR Afro$ OR African).TI. OR (Black NEAR Race OR Black NEAR Ethnic$).TI.
49,142
89. (Caucasian$ OR Caucasoid$ OR Europid$ OR white NEAR race OR white NEAR ethn$).AB. OR (Caucasian$ OR Caucasoid$ OR Europid$ OR white NEAR race OR white NEAR ethn$).TI.
21,344
90. (Arabs OR Arabic OR Bedouin$ OR Semit$ OR Jew$ OR Israeli$).AB. NOT (Gum ADJ Arabic).AB. OR (Arabs OR Arabic OR Bedouin$ OR Semit$ OR Jew$ OR Israeli$).TI. NOT (Gum ADJ Arabic).TI.
16,015
91. (Asian$ OR Chinese OR Japanese OR Oriental$ OR Thai$ OR Phillipino$ OR Filipino$ OR Taiwanese).AB. OR (Asian$ OR Chinese OR Japanese OR Oriental$ OR Thai$ OR Phillipino$ OR Filipino$ OR Taiwanese).TI.
114,378
92. (Indians OR Bengalis OR Kashmiris OR Gujaratis OR Tamils OR Bangladeshi OR Pakistani OR Sri Lankan).AB. OR (Indians OR Bengalis OR Kashmiris OR Gujaratis OR Tamils OR Bangladeshi OR Pakistani OR Sri Lankan).TI.
24,446
93. Hispanic$.AB. OR Hispanic$.TI. OR Latino$.AB. OR Latino$.TI.
10,770
94. Nonwhite.AB. OR Nonwhite.TI. OR minority.AB. OR minority.TI.
20,902
95. (85 and 86) OR (85 and 87) OR (85 and 88) OR (85 and 89) OR (85 and 90) OR (85 and 91) OR (85 and 92) OR (85 and 93) OR (85 and 94)
1,051
96. (86 and 87) OR (86 and 88) OR (86 and 89) OR (86 and 90) OR (86 and 91) OR (86 and 92) OR (86 and 93) OR (86 and 94)
501
97. (87 and 88) OR (87 and 89) OR (87 and 90) OR (87 and 91) OR (87 and 92) OR (87 and 93) OR (87 and 94)
3,826
98. (88 and 89) OR (88 and 90) OR (88 and 91) OR (88 and 92) OR (88 and 93) OR (88 and 94)
10,524
99. (89 and 90) OR (89 and 91) OR (89 and 92) OR (89 and 93) OR (89 and 94)
6,710
100. (90 and 91) OR (90 and 92) OR (90 and 93) OR (90 and 94)
826
101. (91 and 92) OR (91 and 93) OR (91 and 94)
5,036
102. (92 and 93) OR (92 and 94)
691
103. (93 and 94)
1,395
104. or / 95-103
23,704
105. ethnic$ difference.TW.
2,755
106. race difference OR races difference OR racial$ difference.TW.
2,774
107. (Race OR Races OR Racial OR Ethnic$ OR Intra race OR Intra Races OR Intra racial OR Intra ethnic$ OR Inter race OR Inter races OR Inter racial OR Inter ethnic$).AB. OR (Race OR Races OR Racial OR Ethnic$ OR Intra race OR Intra Races OR Intra racial OR Intra ethnic$ OR Inter race OR Inter races OR Inter racial OR Inter ethnic$).TI.
62,375
108. 104 OR 105 OR 106 OR 104
76,089
109. 84 and 108
1,937
101. Remove case reports
1,863
Appendix 2—Data extraction forms [posted as supplied by author]
Ethnicity and adverse drug reactions
Reference No:
Title:
Revman
Headings
Information to be recorded
Method
Study Design:
Participants
Country:
Number of participants:
Age:
Sex:
Ethnic group(s):
Inclusion criteria:
Exclusion criteria:
Interventions
Drug or Drug Class:
Outcomes
Adverse drug reaction(s):
Method(s) of assessment of outcome:
Notes
Discrete data extraction form—ethnicity and adverse drug reactions
Outcome/ADR
Comparative Data
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Observed
Total
Observed
Total
Observed
Total
Appendix 3 [posted as supplied by author]
Authors did not generally describe the context in which ethnic or racial classifications were made and therefore we extracted data for the ethnic group as described in the each paper. A wide variety of terms was used by the studies to describe different ethnic groups, reflecting the lack of consensus on the appropriate use of such terms, particularly between North American and European researchers. In order to present the data using consistent terminology, we used the following terms. The term Black was used to describe a person with African ancestral origins, who self identifies, or is identified, as Black, African or Afro-Caribbean. The term East Asian was used to describe people whose ancestry is in Far East Asian countries such as China, Japan and Korea. South Asian was used to identify a person whose ancestry is in the countries of the Indian subcontinent, including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. Finally, the term White was used to describe people with European ancestral origins who identify, or are identified, as White or Caucasian.
Reference list for included studies [posted as supplied by author]
w1. Kostis JB, Packer M, Black HR, Schmieder R, Henry D, Levy E. Omapatrilat and enalapril in patients with hypertension: the Omapatrilat Cardiovascular Treatment vs. Enalapril (OCTAVE) trial. Am J Hypertens 2004;17:103-11.
w2. Wright JT, Jr., Dunn JK, Cutler JA, Davis BR, Cushman WC, Ford CE et al. Outcomes in hypertensive black and nonblack patients treated with chlorthalidone, amlodipine, and lisinopril. JAMA 2005;293:1595-608.
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