Intended for healthcare professionals

Student Education

An unusual cause of breathlessness: part 2

BMJ 2005; 331 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/sbmj.0511410 (Published 01 November 2005) Cite this as: BMJ 2005;331:0511410
  1. James S Dawson, senior house officer1,
  2. Jonathan Corne, consultant physician1
  1. 1Division of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH
  2. 2Department of Respiratory Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH

A72 year old man was referred to the respiratory team by the cardiologists. He had been operated on for a cardiac myxoma in the past, and was now complaining of shortness of breath. The patient had worked in the postal industry all his life, had never smoked, and consumed 10 units of alcohol a week. He had been investigated for breathlessness about 18 months previously, when a left atrial myxoma had been diagnosed and surgically excised. At this time, benign pleural thickening had been noted, which was thought to be secondary to asbestos exposure.

The patient reported that since his operation he had experienced breathlessness on minimal exertion, which was more pronounced when lying flat. He denied any swelling of his ankles. The cardiology team had repeated his echocardiogram, which was normal with no recurrence of his atrial myxoma and with normal left ventricular function. Physical examination was unremarkable.

Box 1: Causes of unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis

  • NeoplasmErosion of nerve by tumour

  • Phrenic nerve injurySurgical section or stretchCooling injuryCervical manipulationCentral vein cannulationBirth injury

  • NeuritisBrachial neuritisHerpes zoster virus infectionVasculitis

  • Central nervous system or cord abnormalitiesNeuralgic amyotrophyStrokeMultiple sclerosisRhizotomyPolio

  • Neural compressionCervical spondylosisMediastinal lymphadenopathySubsternal goitre l

  • MiscellaneousDiabetes mellitusCarbon monoxide poisoningUpper abdominal surgery

Questions

  1. What difference between the two radiographs could account for this patient's breathlessness?

  2. What are the common causes for this finding, and what is the cause in this patient's case?

  3. What simple scheme can you use to study chest radiographs to ensure all the salient aspects are noted?

Answers

  • 1. While figure 2 is a “softer” film, and shows the soft tissue markings of the lungs more clearly than that in figure 1, the most …

View Full Text

Log in

Log in through your institution

Subscribe

* For online subscription