Blood pressure control by home monitoring: meta-analysis of randomised trials
BMJ 2004; 329 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38121.684410.AE (Published 15 July 2004) Cite this as: BMJ 2004;329:145Data supplement
Posted as supplied by authorsSearch step
Explanation
Patient inclusion criteria
- exp Hypertension/
Exploded MESH heading ‘Hypertension’
- (hypertension or hypertensiv$).ti.
Words in title: ‘hypertension’ or truncated ‘hypertensiv’
- hypertension.ab. /freq=2 or hypertensiv$.ab. /freq=2
Words in abstract at least twice: ‘hypertension’ or truncated ‘hypertensiv’
- or/1-3 Hypertension
1 OR 2 OR 3
intervention Inclusion criteria
- exp Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory/ or exp Blood Pressure Determination/ or exp Blood Pressure Monitors/
Exploded MESH heading ‘Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory’ or ‘Blood Pressure Monitors’ or ‘Blood Pressure Determination’
- (blood adj pressure adj5 (measur$ or monitor$)).tw.
‘blood pressure’ within five words of truncated ‘measur’ or truncated ‘monitor’ in title or abstract
- or/5-6 Blood pressure measurement
4 OR 5 OR 6
- (home or self$).tw.
‘home’ or truncated ‘self’ in title or abstract
- exp Telemedicine/
Exploded MESH heading ‘Telemedicine’
- (telemedic$ or telemonitor$).tw.
truncated ‘telemedic’ or truncated ‘telemonitor’ in title or abstract
- or/8-10 home monitoring
8 OR 9 OR 10
- 7 and 11
Blood pressure measurement AND home monitoring
13. 4 and 12
Blood pressure measurement AND home monitoring AND Hypertension
study desigN Inclusion criteria
14. (random$ or placebo$)
truncated ‘random’ or truncated ‘placebo in title or abstract or subject heading or publication type
15. ((double$ or single$ or triple$ or treble$) and (blind$ or mask$))
(truncated ‘double’ or truncated ‘single’ or truncated ‘triple’ or truncated ‘treble’) in combination with (truncated ‘blind’ or truncated ‘mask’)
16. (clinical trial or controlled clinical trial).pt
publication type clinical trial or controlled clinical trial
17. exp randomized controlled trials/ or randomized controlled trials.tw,sh. (27378)
Exploded MeSH heading Randomized Controlled Trials or randomized controlled trials as a textword or subject heading
18. Randomized controlled trial.pt
publication type randomised controlled trial
19. or/25-29 RCTs
14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18
COMBINING patient group, intervention and STUDY DESIGN
20. 13 and 29
Blood pressure measurement AND home monitoring AND Hypertension AND RCTs
Appendix B: Methods of assessment of outcomeDate
First author
Blind outcome assessment
Who took outcome blood pressure
Automatic machine
Method of taking outcome blood pressure
1975
Carnahan
Yes
clinic nurses
not stated
Not stated
1976
Haynes
Yes
researcher
not stated
"standardised method"
1978
Johnson
Yes
researcher
not stated
Average of 2nd and 3rd readings 5 minutes apart
1982
Earp
not stated
clinic staff
not stated
‘Average' blood pressure at 'routine clinic visit'
1984
Pierce
Yes
clinic staff
not stated
medical records
1984
Stahl
No
clinic nurse
No
Average of previous 6 months readings
1988
Binstock
not stated
clinic nurse
not stated
Not stated
1991
Midanik
not stated
researcher
not stated
Not stated
1992
Soghikian
No
researcher
No
Second of two resting measurements, 1 minute apart
1993
Muhlhauser
not stated
clinic staff
not stated
Mean of last two BPs in medical records
1996
Friedman
Yes
researcher
not stated
Average of 2 readings 5 minutes apart
1997
Zarnke
Yes
researcher
Yes
24 hr ambulatory BP
1999
Bailey
not stated
research nurse
not stated
Sitting
2000
Mehos
Not stated
researcher
No
Average of 2 readings
2000
Vetter
Not stated
clinic physician
No
BP measured in morning before medication, after 5 mins rest. Mean of three sitting measurements.
2001
Artinian
Yes
researcher
Yes
After 5 mins rest, mean of 2 readings
2001
Broege
not stated
researcher
Yes
Average daytime ambulatory BP
2001
Rogers
Yes
research nurse
Yes
24 hr ambulatory BP
Appendix C. Blood pressure above target at follow-upauthor
Number of patients
Percentage above target
Relative risk
Definition
I
C
I
C
(95% CI)
Haynes,1976
20
18
70
89
0.79 (0.57 to 1.10)
dbp>=90
Earp,1982 (1 year)
74
41
39
34
1.15 ( 0.69 to 1.91)
dbp>=95
Earp,1982 (2 year)
55
34
25
21
1.24 ( 0.56 to 2.75)
dbp>=95
Stahl,1984 (1 year)
125
149
29
36
0.79 ( 0.56 to 1.13)
not defined
Stahl,1984 (2 year)
108
116
33
28
1.17 ( 0.79 to 1.74
not defined
Mulhauser,1993
86
74
85
86
0.98 (0.86 to 1.11)
dbp>90 or sbp>140
Mehos,2000
18
18
56
78
0.71 ( 0.44 to 1.16)
dbp>90 or sbp>140
Vetter,2000
296
326
34
40
0.84 (0.68 to 1.03)
dbp>90
Appendix D1. Systolic blood pressure. Mean and standard deviation of baseline, follow up and fall from baseline for intervention and control groups.
Author
Number of subjects
Baseline sbp
Follow up sbp
Fall from baseline
Intervention effect
I
C
I
C
I
C
I
C
(95% CI)
Carnaham,1975
49
48
153
157
135
146
18.0 (16.5)b
10.5 (16.5) b
7.5 (0.9 to 14.1)
Haynes,1976
20
18
NR
NR
NR
NR
NC
NC
Johnson,1978
69
67
NR
NR
NR
NR
NC
NC
Earp,1982
74
41
NR
NR
NR
NR
NC
NC
Earp,1982
55
34
NR
NR
NR
NR
NC
NC
Pierce,1984
55
58
183 (23)
180 (24)
NR
NR
32.1 (22.3)
33.3 (20.1)
-1.2 (-9.0 to 6.6)
Stah,1984 (1 year followup)
125
149
168
167
NR
NR
NC
NC
Stahl,1984 (2 year follow up)
108
116
168
167
NR
NR
NC
NC
Binstock,1988
23
32
156
151
135
148
21.0 (16.5) b
3.0 (16.5) b
18.0 (9.2 to 26.8)
Midanik,1991
74
72
144 (16)
144 (17)
143 (16)
145 (18)
1.6 (14.5)
-0.8 (14.2)
2.4 (-2.3 to 7.1)
Soghikann,1992
200
190
137 (17)
140 (18)
136 (20)
142 (17)
1.4 (17.9)
-1.8 (16.5)
3.2 (-0.2 to 6.6)
Mulhauser,1993
86
74
162 (14)
161(13)
154(16)
158 (18)
8.0 (17.0)
3.0 (18.0)
5.0 (-0.5 to 10.5)
Friedman,1996
133
134
170
167
NR
NR
11.0 (16.5) b
10.6 (16.5) b
0.4 ( -3.6 to 4.4)
Zarnke,1997
20
11
NR
NR
NR
NR
NC
NC
Bailey,1999
31
29
156 (22)
155 (22)
148 (17)
142 (16)
8.0 (19.5) a
13.0 (19.2)a
-5.0 (-14.8 to 4.8)
Mehos,2000
18
18
158 (16)
154 (15)
NR
NR
17.1 (14.0)
7.0 (18.5)
10.1 (-0.6 to 20.8)
Vetter,2000
296
326
166 (14)
168 (14)
145 (16)
148 (15)
21.0 (15.1) a
20.5 (14.2) a
0.5 ( -1.8 to 2.8)
Artinian,2001
6
9
149 (14)
142 (17)
124 (14)
143 (11)
24.7 (13.8) a
-0.9 (13.6) a
25.6 ( 11.4 to 39.8)
Broege,2001
20
18
150 (22)
144 (20)
146 (11)
144 (19)
4.0 (16.5) a
0.0 (19.5) a
4.0( -7.6 to 15.6)
Rogers,2001
60
61
4.9 (13.0)
0.1 (13.2)
4.8 (0.1 to 9.5)
Where no standard deviation given for baseline and follow up it was not reported. NR – mean not reported aStandard deviation estimated as average
of baseline and follow up sd. NC – mean difference either not reported or not calculable. b Standard deviation estimated as average sd.
Appendix D2. Diastolic blood pressure. Mean and standard deviation of baseline, follow up and fall from baseline for intervention and control groups.
Author
Number of subjects
Baseline dbp
Follow up dbp
Fall from baseline
Intervention effect
I
C
I
C
I
C
I
C
(95% CI)
Carnaham,1975
49
48
102
104
91
93
10.4 (9.3)b
10.4 (9.3) b
0.0 ( -3.7 to 3.7)
Haynes,1976
20
18
99 (6)
98 (6)
93 (6)
96 (6)
5.4 (7.2)
1.9 (8.5)
3.5 (-1.5 to 8.5)
Johnson,1978
69
67
103 (7)
104 (9)
95 (9)
96 (11)
8.5 (9.7)
8.1 (10.0)
0.4 ( -2.9 to 3.7)
Earp,1982
74
41
NR
NR
NR
NR
NC
NC
Earp,1982
55
34
NR
NR
NR
NR
NC
NC
Pierce,1984
55
58
107 (8)
104 (9)
NR
NR
19.1 (10.7)
17.8 (9.1)
1.3 ( -2.4 to 5.0)
Stah,1984 (1 year)
125
149
110
109
90
92
20.1 (9.3) b
17.0 (9.3) b
3.1 ( 0.9 to 5.3)
Stahl,1984 (2 year)
108
116
110
109
91
90
19.9 (9.3) b
19.0 (9.3) b
0.9 ( -1.5 to 3.3)
Binstock,1988
23
32
93
90
82
89
11.0 (9.3) b
1.0 (9.3) b
10.0 ( 5.0 to 15.0)
Midanik,1991
74
72
91 (9)
93 (8)
92 (10)
94 (9)
-1.0 (10.0)
-0.9 (8.0)
-0.1 ( -3.0 to 2.8)
Soghikann,1992
200
190
86 (8)
86 (11)
86 (10)
88 (10)
-0.1 (9.6)
-1.7 (9.6)
1.6 ( -0.3 to 3.5)
Mulhauser,1993
86
74
100 (7)
98 (7)
95 (9)
96 (11)
6.0 (11.0)
2.0 (10.0)
4.0 ( 0.7 to 7.3)
Friedman,1996
133
134
86
84
NR
NR
5.4 (9.3) b
3.3 (9.3) b
2.1 ( -0.1 to 4.3)
Zarnke,1997
20
11
9.3
9.3
NR
NR
NC
NC
Bailey,1999
31
29
93 (11)
95 (11)
89 (11)
89 (11)
4.0 (11.1)a
6.0 (10.8)a
-2.0 ( -7.5 to 3.5)
Mehos,2000
18
18
91 (11)
90 (10)
NR
NR
10.5 (7.6)
3.8 (8.9)
6.7 ( 1.3 to 12.1)
Vetter,2000
296
326
102 (6)
102 (6)
89 (8)
90 (8)
13.2 (7.2) a
11.9 (6.9) a
1.3 (0.2 to 2.4)
Artinian,2001
6
9
90 (6)
91 (9)
76 (11)
89 (11)
14.6 (8.6) a
2.1 (9.7) a
12.5 ( 3.2 to 21.8)
Broege,2001
20
18
81 (12)
82 (13)
80 (8)
83 (12)
1.0 (10.0) a
-1.0 (12.5) a
2.0 ( -5.2 to 9.2)
Rogers,2001
60
61
NR
NR
NR
NR
2.0 (8.3)
-2.1 (9.1)
4.1 (1.0 to 7.2)
Where no standard deviation given for baseline and follow up it was not reported. NR – mean not reported aStandard deviation estimated as average
of baseline and follow up sd. NC – mean difference either not reported or not calculable. b Standard deviation estimated as average sd.
Appendix D3. Mean arterial pressure . Mean and standard deviation of baseline, follow-up and fall from baseline for intervention and control groups. Only studies reporting this outcome are included
Author
Number of subjects
Baseline map
Follow up map
Fall from baseline
Intervention effect
I
C
I
C
I
C
I
C
(95% CI)
Zarnke,1997
20
11
96 (9)
100 (6)
NR
NR
0.9 (5.8)
-1.9 (4.6)
2.9 ( -0.9 to 6.6)
Mehos,2000
18
18
113 (8)
111 (6)
NR
NR
12.7 (5.9)
4.9 (9.8)
7.8 (2.5 to 13.1)
Rogers,2001
60
61
NR
NR
NR
NR
2.8 (8.9)
-1.3 (9.3)
4.1 (0.9 to 7.3)
NR – mean not reported
Appendices A-D Posted as supplied by authors
Search step
Explanation
Patient inclusion criteria
- exp Hypertension/
Exploded MESH heading ‘Hypertension’
- (hypertension or hypertensiv$).ti.
Words in title: ‘hypertension’ or truncated ‘hypertensiv’
- hypertension.ab. /freq=2 or hypertensiv$.ab. /freq=2
Words in abstract at least twice: ‘hypertension’ or truncated ‘hypertensiv’
- or/1-3 Hypertension
1 OR 2 OR 3
intervention Inclusion criteria
- exp Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory/ or exp Blood Pressure Determination/ or exp Blood Pressure Monitors/
Exploded MESH heading ‘Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory’ or ‘Blood Pressure Monitors’ or ‘Blood Pressure Determination’
- (blood adj pressure adj5 (measur$ or monitor$)).tw.
‘blood pressure’ within five words of truncated ‘measur’ or truncated ‘monitor’ in title or abstract
- or/5-6 Blood pressure measurement
4 OR 5 OR 6
- (home or self$).tw.
‘home’ or truncated ‘self’ in title or abstract
- exp Telemedicine/
Exploded MESH heading ‘Telemedicine’
- (telemedic$ or telemonitor$).tw.
truncated ‘telemedic’ or truncated ‘telemonitor’ in title or abstract
- or/8-10 home monitoring
8 OR 9 OR 10
- 7 and 11
Blood pressure measurement AND home monitoring
13. 4 and 12
Blood pressure measurement AND home monitoring AND Hypertension
study desigN Inclusion criteria
14. (random$ or placebo$)
truncated ‘random’ or truncated ‘placebo in title or abstract or subject heading or publication type
15. ((double$ or single$ or triple$ or treble$) and (blind$ or mask$))
(truncated ‘double’ or truncated ‘single’ or truncated ‘triple’ or truncated ‘treble’) in combination with (truncated ‘blind’ or truncated ‘mask’)
16. (clinical trial or controlled clinical trial).pt
publication type clinical trial or controlled clinical trial
17. exp randomized controlled trials/ or randomized controlled trials.tw,sh. (27378)
Exploded MeSH heading Randomized Controlled Trials or randomized controlled trials as a textword or subject heading
18. Randomized controlled trial.pt
publication type randomised controlled trial
19. or/25-29 RCTs
14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18
COMBINING patient group, intervention and STUDY DESIGN
20. 13 and 29
Blood pressure measurement AND home monitoring AND Hypertension AND RCTs
Appendix B: Methods of assessment of outcomeDate
First author
Blind outcome assessment
Who took outcome blood pressure
Automatic machine
Method of taking outcome blood pressure
1975
Carnahan
Yes
clinic nurses
not stated
Not stated
1976
Haynes
Yes
researcher
not stated
"standardised method"
1978
Johnson
Yes
researcher
not stated
Average of 2nd and 3rd readings 5 minutes apart
1982
Earp
not stated
clinic staff
not stated
‘Average' blood pressure at 'routine clinic visit'
1984
Pierce
Yes
clinic staff
not stated
medical records
1984
Stahl
No
clinic nurse
No
Average of previous 6 months readings
1988
Binstock
not stated
clinic nurse
not stated
Not stated
1991
Midanik
not stated
researcher
not stated
Not stated
1992
Soghikian
No
researcher
No
Second of two resting measurements, 1 minute apart
1993
Muhlhauser
not stated
clinic staff
not stated
Mean of last two BPs in medical records
1996
Friedman
Yes
researcher
not stated
Average of 2 readings 5 minutes apart
1997
Zarnke
Yes
researcher
Yes
24 hr ambulatory BP
1999
Bailey
not stated
research nurse
not stated
Sitting
2000
Mehos
Not stated
researcher
No
Average of 2 readings
2000
Vetter
Not stated
clinic physician
No
BP measured in morning before medication, after 5 mins rest. Mean of three sitting measurements.
2001
Artinian
Yes
researcher
Yes
After 5 mins rest, mean of 2 readings
2001
Broege
not stated
researcher
Yes
Average daytime ambulatory BP
2001
Rogers
Yes
research nurse
Yes
24 hr ambulatory BP
Appendix C. Blood pressure above target at follow-up
author
Number of patients
Percentage above target
Relative risk
Definition
I
C
I
C
(95% CI)
Haynes,1976
20
18
70
89
0.79 (0.57 to 1.10)
dbp>=90
Earp,1982 (1 year)
74
41
39
34
1.15 ( 0.69 to 1.91)
dbp>=95
Earp,1982 (2 year)
55
34
25
21
1.24 ( 0.56 to 2.75)
dbp>=95
Stahl,1984 (1 year)
125
149
29
36
0.79 ( 0.56 to 1.13)
not defined
Stahl,1984 (2 year)
108
116
33
28
1.17 ( 0.79 to 1.74
not defined
Mulhauser,1993
86
74
85
86
0.98 (0.86 to 1.11)
dbp>90 or sbp>140
Mehos,2000
18
18
56
78
0.71 ( 0.44 to 1.16)
dbp>90 or sbp>140
Vetter,2000
296
326
34
40
0.84 (0.68 to 1.03)
dbp>90
Appendix D1. Systolic blood pressure. Mean and standard deviation of baseline, follow up and fall from baseline for intervention and control groups.
Author
Number of subjects
Baseline sbp
Follow up sbp
Fall from baseline
Intervention effect
I
C
I
C
I
C
I
C
(95% CI)
Carnaham,1975
49
48
153
157
135
146
18.0 (16.5)b
10.5 (16.5) b
7.5 (0.9 to 14.1)
Haynes,1976
20
18
NR
NR
NR
NR
NC
NC
Johnson,1978
69
67
NR
NR
NR
NR
NC
NC
Earp,1982
74
41
NR
NR
NR
NR
NC
NC
Earp,1982
55
34
NR
NR
NR
NR
NC
NC
Pierce,1984
55
58
183 (23)
180 (24)
NR
NR
32.1 (22.3)
33.3 (20.1)
-1.2 (-9.0 to 6.6)
Stah,1984 (1 year followup)
125
149
168
167
NR
NR
NC
NC
Stahl,1984 (2 year follow up)
108
116
168
167
NR
NR
NC
NC
Binstock,1988
23
32
156
151
135
148
21.0 (16.5) b
3.0 (16.5) b
18.0 (9.2 to 26.8)
Midanik,1991
74
72
144 (16)
144 (17)
143 (16)
145 (18)
1.6 (14.5)
-0.8 (14.2)
2.4 (-2.3 to 7.1)
Soghikann,1992
200
190
137 (17)
140 (18)
136 (20)
142 (17)
1.4 (17.9)
-1.8 (16.5)
3.2 (-0.2 to 6.6)
Mulhauser,1993
86
74
162 (14)
161(13)
154(16)
158 (18)
8.0 (17.0)
3.0 (18.0)
5.0 (-0.5 to 10.5)
Friedman,1996
133
134
170
167
NR
NR
11.0 (16.5) b
10.6 (16.5) b
0.4 ( -3.6 to 4.4)
Zarnke,1997
20
11
NR
NR
NR
NR
NC
NC
Bailey,1999
31
29
156 (22)
155 (22)
148 (17)
142 (16)
8.0 (19.5) a
13.0 (19.2)a
-5.0 (-14.8 to 4.8)
Mehos,2000
18
18
158 (16)
154 (15)
NR
NR
17.1 (14.0)
7.0 (18.5)
10.1 (-0.6 to 20.8)
Vetter,2000
296
326
166 (14)
168 (14)
145 (16)
148 (15)
21.0 (15.1) a
20.5 (14.2) a
0.5 ( -1.8 to 2.8)
Artinian,2001
6
9
149 (14)
142 (17)
124 (14)
143 (11)
24.7 (13.8) a
-0.9 (13.6) a
25.6 ( 11.4 to 39.8)
Broege,2001
20
18
150 (22)
144 (20)
146 (11)
144 (19)
4.0 (16.5) a
0.0 (19.5) a
4.0( -7.6 to 15.6)
Rogers,2001
60
61
4.9 (13.0)
0.1 (13.2)
4.8 (0.1 to 9.5)
Where no standard deviation given for baseline and follow up it was not reported. NR – mean not reported aStandard deviation estimated as average of baseline and follow up sd. NC – mean difference either not reported or not calculable. b Standard deviation estimated as average sd.
Appendix D2. Diastolic blood pressure. Mean and standard deviation of baseline, follow up and fall from baseline for intervention and control groups.
Author
Number of subjects
Baseline dbp
Follow up dbp
Fall from baseline
Intervention effect
I
C
I
C
I
C
I
C
(95% CI)
Carnaham,1975
49
48
102
104
91
93
10.4 (9.3)b
10.4 (9.3) b
0.0 ( -3.7 to 3.7)
Haynes,1976
20
18
99 (6)
98 (6)
93 (6)
96 (6)
5.4 (7.2)
1.9 (8.5)
3.5 (-1.5 to 8.5)
Johnson,1978
69
67
103 (7)
104 (9)
95 (9)
96 (11)
8.5 (9.7)
8.1 (10.0)
0.4 ( -2.9 to 3.7)
Earp,1982
74
41
NR
NR
NR
NR
NC
NC
Earp,1982
55
34
NR
NR
NR
NR
NC
NC
Pierce,1984
55
58
107 (8)
104 (9)
NR
NR
19.1 (10.7)
17.8 (9.1)
1.3 ( -2.4 to 5.0)
Stah,1984 (1 year)
125
149
110
109
90
92
20.1 (9.3) b
17.0 (9.3) b
3.1 ( 0.9 to 5.3)
Stahl,1984 (2 year)
108
116
110
109
91
90
19.9 (9.3) b
19.0 (9.3) b
0.9 ( -1.5 to 3.3)
Binstock,1988
23
32
93
90
82
89
11.0 (9.3) b
1.0 (9.3) b
10.0 ( 5.0 to 15.0)
Midanik,1991
74
72
91 (9)
93 (8)
92 (10)
94 (9)
-1.0 (10.0)
-0.9 (8.0)
-0.1 ( -3.0 to 2.8)
Soghikann,1992
200
190
86 (8)
86 (11)
86 (10)
88 (10)
-0.1 (9.6)
-1.7 (9.6)
1.6 ( -0.3 to 3.5)
Mulhauser,1993
86
74
100 (7)
98 (7)
95 (9)
96 (11)
6.0 (11.0)
2.0 (10.0)
4.0 ( 0.7 to 7.3)
Friedman,1996
133
134
86
84
NR
NR
5.4 (9.3) b
3.3 (9.3) b
2.1 ( -0.1 to 4.3)
Zarnke,1997
20
11
9.3
9.3
NR
NR
NC
NC
Bailey,1999
31
29
93 (11)
95 (11)
89 (11)
89 (11)
4.0 (11.1)a
6.0 (10.8)a
-2.0 ( -7.5 to 3.5)
Mehos,2000
18
18
91 (11)
90 (10)
NR
NR
10.5 (7.6)
3.8 (8.9)
6.7 ( 1.3 to 12.1)
Vetter,2000
296
326
102 (6)
102 (6)
89 (8)
90 (8)
13.2 (7.2) a
11.9 (6.9) a
1.3 (0.2 to 2.4)
Artinian,2001
6
9
90 (6)
91 (9)
76 (11)
89 (11)
14.6 (8.6) a
2.1 (9.7) a
12.5 ( 3.2 to 21.8)
Broege,2001
20
18
81 (12)
82 (13)
80 (8)
83 (12)
1.0 (10.0) a
-1.0 (12.5) a
2.0 ( -5.2 to 9.2)
Rogers,2001
60
61
NR
NR
NR
NR
2.0 (8.3)
-2.1 (9.1)
4.1 (1.0 to 7.2)
Where no standard deviation given for baseline and follow up it was not reported. NR – mean not reported aStandard deviation estimated as average of baseline and follow up sd. NC – mean difference either not reported or not calculable. b Standard deviation estimated as average sd.
Appendix D3. Mean arterial pressure . Mean and standard deviation of baseline, follow-up and fall from baseline for intervention and control groups. Only studies reporting this outcome are included
Author
Number of subjects
Baseline map
Follow up map
Fall from baseline
Intervention effect
I
C
I
C
I
C
I
C
(95% CI)
Zarnke,1997
20
11
96 (9)
100 (6)
NR
NR
0.9 (5.8)
-1.9 (4.6)
2.9 ( -0.9 to 6.6)
Mehos,2000
18
18
113 (8)
111 (6)
NR
NR
12.7 (5.9)
4.9 (9.8)
7.8 (2.5 to 13.1)
Rogers,2001
60
61
NR
NR
NR
NR
2.8 (8.9)
-1.3 (9.3)
4.1 (0.9 to 7.3)
NR – mean not reported
Related articles
- This Week In The BMJ Published: 15 July 2004; BMJ 329 doi:10.1136/bmj.329.7458.0-e
- Correction Published: 26 August 2004; BMJ 329 doi:10.1136/bmj.329.7464.499-b
- Editorial Published: 01 September 2005; BMJ 331 doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7515.466
- Clinical Review Published: 22 December 2008; BMJ 337 doi:10.1136/bmj.a2732
- PRIMARY CARE Published: 22 August 2005; BMJ doi:10.1136/bmj.38558.393669.E0
- Primary Care Published: 01 September 2005; BMJ 331 doi:10.1136/bmj.38558.393669.E0
- Endgames Published: 16 September 2015; BMJ 351 doi:10.1136/bmj.h4718
- Clinical Review Published: 21 November 2016; BMJ 355 doi:10.1136/bmj.i5719
- Clinical Review Published: 17 March 2005; BMJ 330 doi:10.1136/bmj.330.7492.644
See more
- Introductory AddressProv Med Surg J October 03, 1840, s1-1 (1) 1-4; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.s1-1.1.1
- Report of the Meeting of the Eastern Branch of the Provincial Association at Bury St. Edmond'sProv Med Surg J October 03, 1840, s1-1 (1) 10-13; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.s1-1.1.10
- Mr. Warburton's Bill for the Regulation of the Medical ProfessionProv Med Surg J October 03, 1840, s1-1 (1) 13-15; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.s1-1.1.13
- An Atlas of Plates, illustrative of the Principles and Practice of Obstetric Medicine and Surgery, with descriptive LetterpressProv Med Surg J October 03, 1840, s1-1 (1) 4; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.s1-1.1.4
- A Practical Treatise on the Diseases peculiar to Women, illustrated by Cases, &cProv Med Surg J October 03, 1840, s1-1 (1) 4-5; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.s1-1.1.4-a
Cited by...
- Views and opinions of patients with glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration on vision home-monitoring: a UK-based focus group study
- Preliminary efficacy of a community health worker homebased intervention for the control and management of hypertension in Kiambu County, Kenya- A randomized control trial
- Effects of Adapted Mindfulness Training on Interoception and Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet: The MB-BP Randomized Clinical Trial
- Study on the application effect of the family doctor contract service mode of 'basic package+personalised package in elderly hypertension management in Chengdu, China: a retrospective observational study
- Effects of the Mindfulness-Based Blood Pressure Reduction (MB-BP) Program on Depression and Neural Structural Connectivity
- Home blood pressure monitoring: what does the evidence say?
- Telehealth: improving maternity services by modern technology
- Management of mild hypertension in adults
- How to read a funnel plot in a meta-analysis
- Individual patient data meta-analysis of self-monitoring of blood pressure (BP-SMART): a protocol
- Success in the Achieving CARdiovascular Excellence in Colorado (A CARE) Home Blood Pressure Monitoring Program: A Report from the Shared Networks of Colorado Ambulatory Practices and Partners (SNOCAP)
- Self-Blood Pressure Monitoring in an Urban, Ethnically Diverse Population: A Randomized Clinical Trial Utilizing the Electronic Health Record
- Check It, Change It: A Community-Based, Multifaceted Intervention to Improve Blood Pressure Control
- Check It, Change It: A Community-Based Intervention to Improve Blood Pressure Control
- Home blood pressure monitoring with nurse-led telephone support among patients with hypertension and a history of stroke: a community-based randomized controlled trial
- Using simple telehealth in primary care to reduce blood pressure: a service evaluation
- Blood pressure in different ethnic groups (BP-Eth): a mixed methods study
- Effect of a pharmacist intervention in Spanish community pharmacies on blood pressure control in hypertensive patients
- Stroke patients' perceptions of home blood pressure monitoring: a qualitative study
- Meta-analyses: funnel plots
- What Keeps Patients from Adhering to a Home Blood Pressure Program?
- Secondary Prevention Risk Interventions Via Telemedicine and Tailored Patient Education (SPRITE): A Randomized Trial to Improve Postmyocardial Infarction Management
- Meta-analyses VII
- Role of Home Blood Pressure Monitoring in Overcoming Therapeutic Inertia and Improving Hypertension Control: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Self-monitoring and other non-pharmacological interventions to improve the management of hypertension in primary care: a systematic review
- Response to Home or Office Blood Pressure Monitoring in Predicting Cardiovascular Events: What is Policy Implication?
- Meta-analysis of the effects of flaxseed interventions on blood lipids
- Why Is Out-of-Office Blood Pressure Measurement Needed?: Home Blood Pressure Measurements Will Increasingly Replace Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in the Diagnosis and Management of Hypertension
- Counseling African Americans to Control Hypertension (CAATCH) Trial: A Multi-Level Intervention to Improve Blood Pressure Control in Hypertensive Blacks
- Cardiovascular Protection With Antihypertensive Drugs in Dialysis Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Masked Hypertension and White-Coat Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Meta-analysis
- Blood pressure self monitoring: questions and answers from a national conference
- Call to Action on Use and Reimbursement for Home Blood Pressure Monitoring: A Joint Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association, American Society of Hypertension, and Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association
- Importance of In-Hospital Initiation of Therapies and Therapeutic Inertia in Secondary Stroke Prevention: IMplementation of Prevention After a Cerebrovascular evenT (IMPACT) Study
- Actively Engaging Patients in Treatment Decision Making and Monitoring as a Strategy to Improve Hypertension Outcomes in Diabetes Mellitus
- Educational and organisational interventions used to improve the management of hypertension in primary care: a systematic review
- Home Blood Pressure Measurement: A Systematic Review
- Targets and self monitoring in hypertension: randomised controlled trial and cost effectiveness analysis
- Self monitoring of high blood pressure
- Review: home or self blood pressure monitoring improves clinic blood pressure in essential hypertension
- Monitoring in chronic disease: a rational approach
- Self monitoring of blood pressure at home
- More Data on BP Monitoring: Some Positive Results
- More Data on BP Monitoring: Some Positive Results