Increase in congenital rubella occurrence after immunisation in Greece: retrospective survey and systematic reviewHow does herd immunity work?

Table B

References
 

Table  A  Summary of published studies on vaccination coverage for rubella in Greece carried out before epidemic of 1993  
 

*A: adequate documentation of methods used and sample representative of general population; B: adequate documentation of methods used and sample not representative of general population; C: inadequate documentation of methods used and sample representative of general population; D: inadequate documentation of methods used and sample not representative of general population.

†Results most comparable with those of other studies are included.1

Table B  Summary of published serological studies on rubella immunity in Greece carried out before epidemic of 1993
 

*A: adequate documentation of methods used and sample representative of the general population; B: adequate documentation of methods used and sample not representative of the general population; C: inadequate documentation of methods used and sample representative of the general population; D: inadequate documentation of methods used and sample not representative of the general population;

†The results which are most comparable with those of other studies are included.
 
References:  All the following references are in Greek

1. Tenth annual therapeutic update, April 1977. Ann Clin Paediatr Univ Atheniensis 1978;25(suppl):104-35.
2. Thirteenth annual therapeutic update, April 1980. Ann Clin Paediatr Univ Atheniensis 1981;28(suppl):116-43.
3. Deligiorgis D. Socio-economic characteristics and health problems of children aged 0-5 years in the area of Greater Athens. [Dissertation]. Athens: Institute of Child Health, 1978:52-4.

• Preventive vaccination. Athens: Ministry of Health and Social Security, Directorate of Public Health, Mar 19, 1984. (Document 3081.)
• Patrona Z. Health problems of preschool children in two areas of Greece with different infant mortality. [Dissertation.] Athens: Institute of Child Health, 1984.
• Valassi-Adam E, Maragos C, Manolaki A, Matsaniotis N. Immunization 1980. Ann Clin Paediatr Univ Atheniensis 1981;28:202-8.
• Tziakos M. Stafilakis K, Pantelakis S, Katsougiannopoulos V, Lapatsanis P. Immunization uptake of children aged 6 months to 12 years in the area of Epiros. Proceedings of the 19th panhellenic paediatric conference, Athens, Greece, 13-14 Jun, 1981. (No 81.)
• Hatzipantelis S, Hrisohoou-Dalesi Z. Epidemiological survey on immunization. Paediatriki 1982;45:201-4.

• Compulsory vaccination schedule. Athens: Ministry of Health and Social Security, Directorate of Public Health, Jan 27, 1987. (Document A1/766).

• Vaccination against measles, mumps, and rubella. Athens: Ministry of Health and Social Security, Directorate of Public Health, Jan 11, 1989. (Document A1/76/ circular 2).
• Ministry of Health and Social Security. National immunization programme for Greece. Athens, Greece: MHSS, 1991.
• Panagiotopoulos T. Health of preschool children. Morbidity and primary health care needs. Athens, Greece: Foundation for Research in Childhood, 1991:124-36.
• Fotiou K, Raftopoulou O, Niarchou A, Papadaki E. Immunization in Greek provinces. Ann Clin Paediatr Univ Atheniensis 1988;35:210-7.
• Antoniadou-Koumatou I, Adam E. Immunization. [Letter.] Arch Hellenic Med 1989;6:156-7.
• Maragos C, Papadeas D, Antoniadou-Koumatou I, Valassi-Adam E. Immunization 1988. Arch Hellenic Med 1989;6:140-2.
• Livadas N, Delissavas M, Karagianopoulou N, Adam G. Immunization status in school-age children in the area of Rafina. Paediatriki 1989;52:274-82.
• Papageorgiou V, Kougialis S, Adamopoulou M, Papagrigoriou M, Adam E. Rubella immunity in female students in Thiva. [Letter.] Arch Hellenic Med 1991;8:446-7.
• Metaxas N, Hatzimihail E, Balitas A, Leftheriotou-Livarda S, Papadopoulos I, Bonias S, et al. Contribution of the health centre of Koufalia in the achievement of full immunization in 1490 students of secondary school. Proceedings of the 30th panhellenic paediatric conference, Lemessos, Cyprus, Jun 13-4:1992. (No 105.)
• Apostolidis G, Ellinas D, Lambropoulou H. Study of immunization status in the 1st and 6th grade of primary school in Thassos. Paediatriki 1991;54:337-44.
• Vrionis G, Galanakis M, Haralambopoulos K. Immunization in Epiros: epidemiological data. Proceedings of the 29th panhellenic paediatric conference, Heraklion, Greece, May 25-6:1991. (No 215.)
• Theodosi A, Grammatikos E, Tourvas S, Stergiopoulos I, Gionis D. Study of immunization coverage of children in the island of Samos. Proceedings of the 29th panhellenic paediatric conference, Heraklion, Greece, May 25-6:1991. (No 127.)
• Siahanidou T, Drakonaki S, Garoufi A. Giakouvis A, Iasonidis M, Parha S, et al. Immunization status of hospitalized children. Paediatriki 1993;56:503-10.
• Lionis H, Bathianaki M, Lentari E, Hatzigeorgiou M, Triantafyllou T, Filalithis A. Assessment of immunization needs of primary and secondary school children in a rural area of Crete. Proceedings of the 6th medical conference of Crete, Rethymno, Greece. 1992;A:38-42.
• Karavergos P, Nanas H, Haidopoulou K, Karabatakis N, Missailidis T, Velentza P. Immunization with the DTP-DT-Sabin and the MMR-measles-mumps-rubella vaccines in the city of Katerini. Proceedings of the 31st panhellenic paediatric conference, Chalkidiki, Greece, Jun 4-6:1993. (No 338.)
• Pantazi-Hatziconstantinou A, Lepidas G, Karanikolaou E, Hatziconstantinou N, Iatropoulos I. Programme of compulsory vaccines. Implementation-prospects. Study of 7566 children in the District of Rodopi. Proceedings of the 31st panhellenic paediatric conference, Chalkidiki, Greece, Jun 4-6:1993. (No 125.)
• Papaevangelou G. Serologically detected immunity to rubella among Greek adults. [Dissertation.] Athens: University of Athens, 1967.
• Keramida-Karamitsou P, Edipidis T. Frequency of rubella antibodies among children 5-12 years old. Acta Microbiologica Hellenica 1972;17:109-15.
• Plasara M, Havele P. The serological diagnosis of rubella during pregnancy. Iatriki 1977;31:500-4.
• Patramani I, Mitrogianni D, Petropoulou A, Pavlatou M. Detection of antibodies against rubella virus. Acta Microbiologica Hellenica 1976;21:10-21.
• Stavrinadis H, Plassara M, Alexiou D. Frequency of detected antibodies against rubella and cytomegalovirus among nurses. Proceedings of the 16th panhellenic paediatric conference, Thessaloniki, Greece, Jun 17-8:1978. (No XXIII.)
• Kiriazopoulou-Dalaina V. Rubella epidemic 1978. Hellenic Med 1978;47:408-14.
• Plasara M, Stavrinadis H, Alexiou D, Papadatos K, Kritsikis S, Villiotou-Kritsiki F, et al. Frequency of detected antibodies against rubella and cytomegalovirus among 1000 students aged 7-17 years in the Island of Salamis. Proceedings of the 18th panhellenic paediatric conference, Nicosia, Cyprus, Jun 24-6:1980. (No 59.)
• Alexandrou-Iliadi ME, Patramani I, Stefanou T, Pavlatou M. The immune status of young adult women to rubella virus. Acta Microbiologica Hellenica 1981;26:269-74.
• Bryden AS, Mavromichalis I, Hutchinson DN, Hudson P, Dodd B, Dematia M, et al. Incidence of rubella antibodies in the population of Northern Greece. Acta Microbiologica Hellenica 1981;26:59-68.
• Tsoukalos S, Tzigounis B, Lazaris D, Mihalas S, Aravantinos D, Kaskarelis D. Detection or rubella antibodies by the hemoagglutination test in pregnant women. Iatrika Chronika 1982;5:465-71.
• Papapetropoulou M, Kondakis X. Immunological and epidemiological investigation of pregnant women for antibodies against rubella. Iatriki 1987;52:535-7.
• Karabogia-Karafyllidi P, Vagiakou-Voudri E, Magoura S, Kanakaki S, Polychronopoulou-Karakatsani A. Assessment of the antibody level against rubella in women of child bearing age. Proceedings of the 17th panhellenic medical conference, Athens, Greece, May 7-11:1991. (No 427.)
• Arkoulis T, Papapetropoulou M, Karamitsou G, Gatopoulou K, Markantes K, Tzigounis B. Antibodies against toxoplasma gondii and rubella in pregnant women in Southwestern Greece. Proceedings of the 17th panhellenic medical conference, Athens, Greece, May 7-11:1991. (No 113.)
• Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and of antibodies against rubella and toxoplasma gondii in female students in the District of Ioannina. Proceedings of the 18th panhellenic medical conference, Athens, Greece, May 12-6:1992. (No 101.)
• Karabogia-Karafyllidi P, Vagiakou E, Mandrouka B, Kafasi N, Polychronopoulou-Karakatsani K. Seroepidemiology of rubella in a healthy population during the years 1990-91. Proceedings of the 2nd panhellenic conference of virology, Athens, Greece, 1992:130-6.
• Georgiopoulos A, Haralambous H, Soumakis K. The importance of immunization of women susceptible to rubella. Proceedings of the 8th panhellenic conference of perinatal medicine, Athens, Greece. Apr 16-7;1994:187-9.
• Papaioannou A. Epidemiological study of seven childhood infections from school data in the area of Athens. Proceedings of the Academy of Athens 1963;38:531-46.
• Bartsokas S, Akilas V. Rubella in pregnancy and congenital anomalies of the children. Nosocomiaka Chronika 1953;14:62-4.
• Choremis K, Kasimos C, Ioannidis T, Nihogiannopoulos I, Alexopoulos K. Rubella embryopathy after rubella in pregnancy. Ann Clin Paediatr Univ Atheniensis 1955;2:201-8.
• Kiriazopoulou-Dalaina V, Frantzidou-Adamopoulou F, Diza-Matavtsi E, Souliou-Simeonidou E, Papaioannou IK. Congenital infections and laboratory diagnosis (findings in the twelve-year period 1974-1985). Galenus 1987;29:234-42.
• Kremenopoulos G, Drosou V, Parisis P, Kasimos C. A case of congenital rubella. Pediatrica Chronika 1980;9:197-202.
• Hatziioannidis K, Thomaidis K, Varlamis G, Nenopoulos E, Sklavounou-Tsouroutsoglou S. A case of congenital rubella with multiple manifestations. Pediatrika Chronica 1984;13:150-4.
• Kiriazopoulou-Dalaina V, Franntzidou-Adamopoulou F, Doutsios I, Diza-Matavtsi E, Papapanagiotou I. Laboratory diagnostic problems during a rubella epidemic. Acta Microbiologica Hellenica 1986;31:41-9.
• Skoutari M, Kallergi K, Koupari G, Zaridi K, Kremastinou J. Laboratory testing for congenital infections in neonates and infants with clinical manifestations. Proceedings of the 14th panhellenic medical conference, Athens, Greece, May 3-7:1988. (No 425.)

• Vaccination of students. Athens: Ministry of Health and Social Security, Directorate of Public Health, Dec 12, 1983. (Document A1/12605).