Intended for healthcare professionals

  1. Research
  2. β Blockade after...
  3. β Blockade after myocardial infarction: systematic review and meta regression analysis
Papers

β Blockade after myocardial infarction: systematic review and meta regression analysis

BMJ 1999; 318 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.318.7200.1730 (Published 26 June 1999) Cite this as: BMJ 1999;318:1730

Data supplement

  • Correction

    Figure 1

    Figure 2
     
     

    Correction

    β Blockade after myocardial infarction: systematic review and meta regression analysis

    Several errors crept into this paper by Freemantle and colleagues (26 June 1999, pp 1730-7). In figures 1 and 2 some of the references were incorrectly cited and several bars did not agree with the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.

    Fig 1 Odds of death and pooled odds ratios in short term trials (arrows indicate 95% confidence intervals exceeding range of plot). ISIS-1=first international study of infarct survival; TIMI IIB=thrombolysis in myocardial infarction phase II trial; MIAMI=metoprolol in acute myocardial infarction; CPRG=Coronary Prevention Research Group; ICSG=International Collaborative Study Group; UKCSG=UK Collaborative Study Group

    Fig 2 Odds of death and pooled odds ratios in long term trials. LIT=lopressor intervention; BHAT=β -blocker heart attack trial
     

    Figure 1

      Figure 2


         
         
        1. Azancot I, Lorente P, Georgiopoulos G, Beaufils P, Masquet C, Baudouy Y, et al. Effects of acebutolol on myocardial infarct extension: a randomized electrocardiographic enxymatic and angiographic study. Circulation 1982;66:986-94.
        2. Balcon R, Jewitt DE, Davies JPH, Oram S. A controlled trial of propranolol in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1996;ii:917-20.
        3. Barber JM, Boyle McC, Chaturvedi NBC, Singh N, Walsh MJ. Practolol in acute myocardial infarction. Acta Med Scand 1976;587:213-9.
        4. Campbell RC. β -blockade during and after myocardial infarction. An overview of the randomized trials. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1985;27:225-71. [Reported in: Yusuf S, Peto R, Lewis J, Collins R, Sleight P.]
        5. Clausen J, Felsby M, Jorgensen FS, Nielsen BL, Roin J, Strange B. Absence of prophylactic effect of propranolol in myocardial infarction. Lancet 1966;ii:920-4.
        6. Coronary Prevention Research Group (CPRG). An early intervention secondary prevention study with oxprenolol following myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 1981;2:389-93.
        7. Curtis JL, Houghton JL, Patterson JH, Koch G, Bradley DA, Adams KF. Propranolol therapy alters estimation of potential cardiovascular risk derived from submaximal postinfarction exercise testing. Am Heart J 1991;121:1655.
        8. Dotremont G, De Geest H. The use of propranolol (Inderal) in acute myocardial infarction. Acta Clinica Belgica 1968;23(3):163-76.
        9. Evemy KL, Pentecost BL. Intravenous and oral practolol in the acute stages of myocardial infarction. Eur J Cardio 1978;7:391-8.
        10. Federman J, Pitt A, Harris P. β -blockade during and after myocardial infarction. An overview of the randomized trials. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1985;27:225-71 [Reported in Yusuf S, Peto R, Lewis J, Collins R, Sleight P.]
        11. Fuccella LM. Report on the double blind trial with compound CIBA 39089 (trasicor) in myocardial infarction. In Sowton E: Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1968;10:561-74.
        12. Gupta RC, Sharma SK, Mittal SR. Effect of oral propranolol on the extent of acute anterior myocardial infarction. Abstracts of the ninth world congress on cardiology, Moscow. 1982;2:616.
        13. Gupta RC, Butaney B, Narang NK. Effect of iv propranolol on the extent of myocardial ischemic injury in patients of acute anterior myocardial infarction (AAMI). J Assoc Physicians India 1984;32:67-8.
        14. Heber ME, Rosenthal E, Thomas N, Haskett VL, Burwood RD, Lutkin J, et al. Effect of labetalol on indices of myocardial necrosis in patients with suspected acute infarction. Eur Heart J 1987;8:11-8.
        15. Hutton I, Vallance BD, Beattie JM. A prospective randomized trial of propranolol in acute myocardial infarction. Excerta Med Inst Congr Ser 1979;2:824-6.
        16. International Collaborative Study Group (ICSG). Reduction of infarct size with the early use of timolol in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1984;310:9-15.
        17. First International Study of Infarct Survival Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of intravenous atenolol among 16<thin>027 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS1. Lancet 1986;ii:57-67.
        18. Johansson BW. A comparative study of cardioselective-blockade and diazepam in patients with acute myocardial infarction and tachycardia. Acta Med Scand 1980;207:47-53.
        19. Kahler RL, Brill SJ, Perkins WE. The role of propranolol in the management of acute myocardial infarction. In: Kattus AA, Ross G, Hall YE, eds. Cardiovascular β adrenergic responses. Los Angeles, CA: California Press, 1968:213-22.
        20. Ledwich JR. A trial of propranolol in myocardial infarction. Can Med Assoc J 1968;98:988-94.
        21. Lloyd EA, Charles RG, Gordon GD, Adams CM, Mabin TA, Commerford PJ, et al. β -blockade by sotalol in early myocardial infarction decreases ventricular arrhythmias without increasing left ventricular volume. S Afr Med J 1988;74:5-10.
        22. Lombardo M, Selvini A, Belli C, Motolese M, Pedroni P. β -blocking therapy in 440 cases of acute myocardial infarction: a double-blind trial with oxprenolol. Proceedings of the Florence international meeting on myocardial infarction 1979;2:803-7.
        23. Macleod A, Fananapazir L, Kitchin AH, Murray A, Neilson J.M. Prophylactic selective β -blockade in acute myocardial infarction. Abstracts of the VIII European Congress on Cardiology, Paris, 1980.
        24. McMurray J, Lang CC, MacLean D, Struthers AD, McDevitt DG. Effects of xamaterol in acute myocardial infarction: blood pressure, heart rate, arrhythmias and early clinical course. Int J Cardiol 1991;31:295-304.
        25. The MIAMI Trial Research Group. Metoprolol in acute myocardial infarction (MIAMI). A randomised placebo-controlled international trial. Eur Heart J 1985;6:199-226.
        26. Mueller HS, Ayres SM. Propranolol decreases sympathetic nervous activity reflected by plasma catecholamines during evolution of myocardial infarction in man. J Clin Invest 1980;65:338-46.
        27. Multicentre: Bath JCJL, Blake S, Bloom RA, Brown R, Fleming HA, Franklin AJ, et al. Propranolol in acute myocardial infarction: a multicentre trial. Lancet 1966;ii:1435-8.
        28. Nigam PD, Popli R, Charan S. Cardioprotection by β -blockade in acute myocardian infarction. Abstracts of the ninth world congress of cardiology, Moscow. 1983;2:616.
        29. Norris RM, Clarke ED, Sammel NL, Smith WM, Williams B. Protective effect of propranolol in threatened myocardial infarction. Lancet 1978;ii:907-9.
        30. Norris RM, Barnaby PF, Brown MA, Geary GG, Clarke ED, Logan RL, et al. Prevention of ventricular fibrillation during acute myocardial infarction by intravenous propranolol. Lancet 1984;ii:883-6.
        31. Owensby DA, O'Rourke MF. Failure of pindolol to alter determinants of myocardial oxygen requirements, enzyme release or clinical course in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1984;70(suppl II):156.
        32. Peter T, Norris RM, Clarke ED, Heng MK, Singh BN, Williams B, et al. Reduction of enzyme levels by propranolol after acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1978;57:1091-5.
        33. Pitt B, Weiss JL, Schulze RA, Taylor DR, Kennedy HL, Caralis D. Reduction of myocardial infarct extension in man by propranolol. Circulation 1976;29(suppl 2):53-4.
        34. Ranganathan N, Rautaharju PM, Jablonsky GC, Larochelle P, Lopez JF, Matangi MF. Prophylaxis of post myocardial infarction dysrhythmias by long term timolol therapy. Am Heart J 1988;115:340-50.
        35. Roberts R, Croft C, Gold HK, Hartwell TD, Jaffe AS, Muller JE, et al. Effect of propranolol on myocardial infarct size in a randomized blinded multicenter trial. N Engl J Med 1984;311:218-25.
        36. Singh S, Saxena PC, Shukla SK. Intravenous propranolol in acute myocardial infarction. Clinician 1985;49:384-91.
        37. Sloman G, Stannard M. β -adrenergic-blockade and cardiac arrhythmias. BMJ 1967;4:508-12.
        38. Snow 1980. β -blockade during and after myocardial infarction: an overview of the randomized trials. Prog Cardio Dis 1985;27:335-71. [Reported in Yusuf S, Peto R, Lewis J, Collins R, Sleight P.]
        39. Thompson PL, Jones AS, Noon D, Katavatis V. A randomised trial of oral β -blockade during myocardial infarctionC lack of effect on enzymatic indices of myocardial necrosis. Aust NZ J Med 1979;9:757.
        40. The TIMI Study Group. Comparison of invasive and conservative strategies after treatment with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction: results of the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) phase II trial. N Engl J Med 1989;320:618-27.
        41. Tonkin AM. β -blockade in acute myocardial infarction: inability of relatively late administration to influence infarct size and arrhythmias. Med J Aust 1981;2:145-6.
        42. UK Collaborative Study Group (UKCSG). Mortality results from the timolol trials in various British hospitals. β -blockade during and after myocardial infarction: an overview of the randomized trials. Prog Cardio Dis 1985;27:335-71. [Reported in: Yusuf S, Peto R, Lewis J, Collins R, Sleight P.]
        43. Van de Werf F, Janssens L, Brzostek T, Mortelmans L, Wackers F, Willems GM, et al. Short term effects of early intravenous treatment with a β -adrenergic-blocking agent or a specific bradycardiac agent in patients with acute myocardial infarction receiving thrombolytic therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;22:407-16.
        44. Von Essen R, Merx W, Neis W, Ritz R. Wirkung von Metoprolol auf die Infarktröbe beim Akuten Myokardinfarkt: Doppelbindstudie. Deutsches Medizin Wochenschr 1982;107:1267-73.
        45. Waagstein F, Hjalmarson ÅC. Double blind study of the effect of cardioselective β -blockade on chest pain in acute myocardial infarction. Acta Med Scand 1975;587(suppl):201-11.
        46. Wilcox RG, Rowley JM, Hampton JR, Mitchell JRA, Rolan JM, Banks DC. Randomised placebo-controlled trial comparing oxprenolol with diopryramide phosphate in immediate treatment of suspected myocardial infarction. Lancet 1980b;ii:765-9.
        47. Yang XS, Coupez R, Ector H, Kesteloot H, Geest HD. Effects of betaxolol on heart rate in patients with a recent transmural myocardial infarction. Acta Cardiol 1987;XLII:273-86.
        48. Yusuf S, Ramsdale D, Peto R, Furse L, Bennet D, Bray C, et al. Early intravenous atenolol treatment in suspected acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1980;2:273-6.
        49. Ahlmark G, Saetre H, Korsgren M. Reduction of sudden deaths after myocardial infarction. Lancet 1974;i:1563.
        50. Andersen MP, Bechsgaard P, Frederiksen J, Hansen DA, Jurgensen HJ, Nielsen B, et al. Effect of alprenolol on mortality among patients with definite or suspected acute myocardial infarction. Preliminary results. Lancet 1979;ii:865-7.
        51. Boissel JP, Leizorovicz A, Picolet H, Ducruet T, and the Acebutolol et Prévention Secondaire de l'Infarctus Investigators. Efficacy of acebutolol after acute myocardial infarction (the APSI trial). Am J Cardiol 1990;66:24-31c.
        52. Aronow WS, Ahn C, Kronzon AI. Effect of propanolol versus no propanolol on total mortality plus nonfatal myocardial infarction in older patients with prior myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure and left ventricular ejection fraction 40% treated with diuretics plus angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Am J Cardiol 1997;80:207-9.
        53. Australian and Swedish Pindolol Study Group. The effect of pindolol on the two years mortality after complicated myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 1983;4:367-75HH.
        54. Baber NS, Wainwright Evans D, Howitt G, Thomas M, Wilson C, Lewis JA, et al. Multicentre post-infarction trial of propranolol in 49 hospitals in the United Kingdom, Italy and Yugoslavia. Br Heart J 1980;44:96-100.
        55. Barber JM, Murphy FM, Merrett JD. Clinical trial of propranolol in acute myocardial infarction. Ulster Med J 1967;36:127-30.
        56. Basu S, Senior R, Raval U, van der Does R, Bruckner T, Lahiri A. Beneficial effects of intravenous and oral carvedilol treatment in acute myocardial infarction: a placebo controlled, randomized trial. Circulation 1997;96:183-91.
        57. β -Blocker Heart Attack Trial Research Group (B-HAT). A randomized trial of propranolol in patients with acute myocardial infarction. 1. Mortality results. JAMA 1982;247:1707-14.
        58. Darasz KH, Bayliss J, Underwood SR, Keegan J, Poole Wilson PA, Sutton GC. Left ventricular volume in thrombolysed patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction: the effect of captopril and xamoterol. Int J Cardiol 1995;51:137-42.
        59. European Infarction Study Group. European infarction study (EIS). A secondary prevention study with slow release oxprenolol after myocardial infarction: morbidity and mortality. Eur Heart J 1984;5:189-202.
        60. Hansteen V, Møinichen E, Lorentsen E, Andersen A, Strøm O, Søiland K, et al. One year's treatment with propranolol after myocardial infarction: preliminary report of Norwegian multicentre trial. BMJ 1982;284:155-60.
        61. Hjalmarson A, Elmfeldt D, Herlitz J, Holmberg S, Malek I, Nyberg G, et al. Effect on mortality of metoprolol in acute myocardial infarction: a double blind randomised trial. Lancet 1981;ii:823-7.
        62. Julian DG, Prescott RJ, Jackson FS, Szekely P. Controlled trial of sotalol for one year after myocardial infarction. Lancet 1982;i:1142-7.
        63. Kaul AU, Verma R, Garg KC. Early intervention with propranolol after acute myocardial infarction: serial left ventricular function determined by M-mode and cross sectional echocardiography. Int J Cardiol 1988;21:301-10.
        64. Lopressor Intervention Trial (LIT) Research Group. The lopressor intervention trial: multicentre study of metoprolol in survivors of acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 1987;8:1056-64.
        65. Manger Cats V, van Capelle FJL, Lie KI, Durrer D. Effect of treatment with 2 ´ 100 mg metoprolol on mortality in a single-center study with low placebo mortality rate after infarction. Circulation 1983;68(suppl 3):181.
        66. Mazur NA, Kulginskaya IV, Ivanova LA, Ostrovskaya TP, Smirnova TM, Svet EA, et al. Results of long term propranolol treatment in myocardial infarction survivors with advanced grades of ventricular extasystoles: randomized study. Cor Vasa 1984;26:241-7.
        67. Multicentre international study. Improvement in prognosis of myocardial infarction by long term β -adrenorceceptor-blockade using practolol. BMJ 1975;3:735.
        68. Norwegian Multicentre Study Group. Timolol induced reduction in mortality and reinfarction in patients surviving acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1981;304:801-7.
        69. Rehnqvist N, Ahnve S, Erhardt L, Lindvall K, Lundman T, Olsson G, et al. Effect of metoprolol after acute myocardial infarction. Proceedings of the European Congress of Cardioliology 1980;16. [Abstract.]
        70. Rehnqvist N, Olsson G. Influence on ventricular arrhythmias by chronic post infarction treatment with metoprolol. Circulation 1983;68(suppl 3):69.
        71. Reynolds JL, Whitlock RML. Effects of a β -adrenergic receptor-blocker in myocardial infarction treated for one year from onset. Br Heart J 1972;34:252-9.
        72. Roqué F, Amuchastegui LM, Morillos MAP, Mon GA, Girotti AL, Drajer S, et al. Beneficial effects of timolol on infarct size and late ventricular tachycardia in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1987;76:610-7.
        73. Salathia KS, Barber JM, McIlmoyle EL, Nicholas J, Evans AE, Elwood JH, et al. Very early intervention with metoprolol in suspected acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 1985;6:190-8.
        74. Schwartz PJ, Motolese M, Pollavini G, Lotto A, Ruberti U, Trazzi R, et al. Prevention of sudden cardiac death after a first myocardial infarction by pharmacologic or surgical antiadrenergic interventions. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1992;3:2-16.
        75. Spanish study on sudden death: López FN, Cosin J, Marrugat J, Guindo J, Lunda ABD for the Spanish Study on Sudden Death Investigators. Comparison of the effects of amiodarone versus metoprolol on the frequency of ventricular arrhythmias and on mortality after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1993;72:1234-8.
        76. Taylor SH, Silke B, Ebbutt A, Sutton GC, Prout BJ, Burley DM. A long term prevention study with oxprenolol in coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 1982;307:1293-1301.
        77. Wilcox RG, Roland JM, Banks DC, Hampton JR, Mitchell JRA. Randomised trial comparing propranolol with atenolol in immediate treatment of suspected myocardial infarction. BMJ 1980a;280:885-8.
        78. Wilhelmsson C, Vedin JA, Wilhelmsen L, Tibblin G. Reduction of sudden deaths after myocardial infarction by treatment with alprenolol: preliminary results. Lancet 1974;ii:1157-60.
        79. Yusuf S, Lopez R, Sleight P. Effect of atenolol on recovery of the electrocardiographic signs of myocardial infarction. Lancet 1979;ii:868-9.
        80. Norris RM, Caughey DE, Scott PJ. Trial of propranolol in acute myocardial infarction. BMJ 1968;2:398-400.

      Related articles

      See more

      Cited by...

      • Should beta-blockers be recommended after myocardial infarction when left ventricular ejection fraction is normal?
      • Should beta-blockers be recommended after myocardial infarction when left ventricular ejection fraction is normal?
      • Treatment gaps, 1-year readmission and mortality following myocardial infarction by diabetes status, sex and socioeconomic disadvantage
      • Role of beta blockers following percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndrome
      • The safety of cardioselective {beta}1-blockers in asthma: literature review and search of global pharmacovigilance safety reports
      • Designing a text messaging program to increase adherence to medication for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease
      • The Evolution of {beta}-Blockers in Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure (Part 1/5)
      • 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines
      • 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines
      • 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines
      • 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines
      • Clinical Events After Discontinuation of {beta}-Blockers in Patients Without Heart Failure Optimally Treated After Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Cohort Study on the French Healthcare Databases
      • Stopping {beta}-Blockers After Myocardial Infarction: Not So Fast!
      • Effect of {beta}-Blockers Beyond 3 Years After Acute Myocardial Infarction
      • Post-Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure
      • Genome-Wide Association Approach Identified Novel Genetic Predictors of Heart Rate Response to {beta}-Blockers
      • {beta}-Blocker Therapy Prior to Admission for Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients Without Heart Failure or Left Ventricular Dysfunction Improves In-Hospital and 12-Month Outcome: Results From the GULF-RACE 2 (Gulf Registry of Acute Coronary Events-2)
      • Benefit of Vasodilating {beta}-Blockers in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Nationwide Multicenter Cohort Study
      • 2017 AHA/ACC Clinical Performance and Quality Measures for Adults With ST-Elevation and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures
      • 2017 AHA/ACC Clinical Performance and Quality Measures for Adults With ST-Elevation and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures
      • {beta}-Blockers and Mortality After Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients Without Heart Failure or Ventricular Dysfunction
      • Evidence of potential bias in a comparison of {beta} blockers and calcium channel blockers in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute coronary syndrome: results of a multinational study
      • {beta} blockers and mortality after myocardial infarction in patients without heart failure: multicentre prospective cohort study
      • Time Dependence of Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias After Myocardial Infarction: A MADIT-CRT Substudy
      • Beta-blockers in COPD: time for reappraisal
      • Achievements and Limitations of Evidence-Based Medicine
      • Intravenous Beta-Blockade for Limiting Myocardial Infarct Size: Rejuvenation of a Concept
      • Molecular Mechanisms of Sympathetic Remodeling and Arrhythmias
      • Effect of early bisoprolol administration on ventricular arrhythmia and cardiac death in patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction
      • Comparative effectiveness of exercise and drug interventions on mortality outcomes: metaepidemiological study
      • Anti-Osteoporotic Therapy After Fragility Fracture Lowers Rate of Subsequent Fracture: Analysis of a Large Population Sample
      • Effect of Beta-Blocker Dose on Survival After Acute Myocardial Infarction
      • Long-Term Use of Cardiovascular Drugs: Challenges for Research and for Patient Care
      • {beta}-Blockers, Pneumonia, and Outcome After Ischemic Stroke: Evidence From Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive
      • {beta}-Blocker Dialyzability and Mortality in Older Patients Receiving Hemodialysis
      • Secondary Prevention After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
      • 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
      • 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
      • 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
      • 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
      • 2014 ACC/AHA Guideline on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Management of Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
      • 2014 ACC/AHA Guideline on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Management of Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
      • Assessment and management of resistant hypertension
      • 2014 ACC/AHA Guideline on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Management of Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
      • 2014 ACC/AHA Guideline on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Management of Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
      • Prognostic impact of ss-blocker use in patients with stable coronary artery disease
      • Beta-Blocker Therapy and Cardiac Events Among Patients With Newly Diagnosed Coronary Heart Disease
      • Beta-Blockers in Asymptomatic Coronary Artery Disease: No Benefit or No Evidence?
      • Long-Term Benefit of Early Pre-Reperfusion Metoprolol Administration in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: Results From the METOCARD-CNIC Trial (Effect of Metoprolol in Cardioprotection During an Acute Myocardial Infarction)
      • Global Perspective on Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Burden on the Young and Poor
      • Nonantithrombotic Medical Options in Acute Coronary Syndromes: Old Agents and New Lines on the Horizon
      • Safety of tiotropium through the Handihaler: why did meta-analyses and database studies appear to give a false alarm?
      • Revisiting medication use in a frail 93-year-old man experiencing possible adverse effects
      • Benefit of {beta}-blocker treatment for patients with acute myocardial infarction and preserved systolic function after percutaneous coronary intervention
      • Twenty-Year Trends in Long-Term Mortality Risk in 17 149 Survivors of Ischemic Stroke Less Than 55 Years of Age
      • {beta} blockers for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
      • Comparative effectiveness of exercise and drug interventions on mortality outcomes: metaepidemiological study
      • Effect of Early Metoprolol on Infarct Size in ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: The Effect of Metoprolol in Cardioprotection During an Acute Myocardial Infarction (METOCARD-CNIC) Trial
      • Coil Type Does Not Affect Angiographic Follow-Up Outcomes of Cerebral Aneurysm Coiling: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
      • Effect of Core Laboratory and Multiple-Reader Interpretation of Angiographic Images on Follow-Up Outcomes of Coiled Cerebral Aneurysms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
      • 2012 ACCF/AHA Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACCF/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
      • 2012 ACCF/AHA Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACCF/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
      • Most Important Outcomes Research Papers on Treatment of Stable Coronary Artery Disease
      • Outcomes After Acute Myocardial Infarction in HIV-Infected Patients: Analysis of Data From a French Nationwide Hospital Medical Information Database
      • 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
      • 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
      • 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
      • 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
      • Reducing all-cause mortality among patients with psychiatric disorders: a population-based study
      • 2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American College of Physicians, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons
      • 2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American College of Physicians, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons
      • 2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American College of Physicians, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons
      • 2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American College of Physicians, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons
      • Mitochondria as a Drug Target in Ischemic Heart Disease and Cardiomyopathy
      • Adrenergic-Pathway Gene Variants Influence Beta-Blocker-Related Outcomes After Acute Coronary Syndrome in a Race-Specific Manner
      • AHA/ACCF Secondary Prevention and Risk Reduction Therapy for Patients With Coronary and Other Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease: 2011 Update: A Guideline From the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology Foundation
      • AHA/ACCF Secondary Prevention and Risk Reduction Therapy for Patients With Coronary and Other Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease: 2011 Update: A Guideline From the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology Foundation Endorsed by the World Heart Federation and the Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association
      • Overestimation of the effects of adherence on outcomes: a case study in healthy user bias and hypertension
      • Effects of Beta-Adrenergic Antagonists in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
      • Effects of {beta}-blocker selectivity on blood pressure variability and stroke: A systematic review
      • Heart Failure and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The Quandary of Beta-Blockers and Beta-Agonists
      • 2011 ACCF/AHA Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
      • 2011 ACCF/AHA Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
      • Baroreflex sensitivity is higher during acute psychological stress in healthy subjects under {beta}-adrenergic blockade
      • Impact of clopidogrel loading dose on clinical outcome in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis
      • Outcomes of after-hours versus regular working hours primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction
      • Can beta-blockers be used for people with COPD?
      • Part 10: Acute Coronary Syndromes: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care
      • Part 9: Acute Coronary Syndromes: 2010 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations
      • Blockade by Nanomolar Resveratrol of Quantal Catecholamine Release in Chromaffin Cells
      Back to top