Women with heart failure survive longer than men

Women who have end stage heart failure with marked symptoms and severe left ventricular dysfunction live twice as long as their male counterparts, according to the results of a recent study (Circulation 1999;99:1816-21).Moreover, they also have a survival advantage even if their congestive heart failure is as severe as that of their male counterparts and they have had the disease for the same duration.

The study, which was based on the Flolan international randomised survival trial, enrolled …