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  3. Immune response to a new hepatitis B vaccine in healthcare workers who had not responded to standard vaccine: randomised double blind dose-response study
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Immune response to a new hepatitis B vaccine in healthcare workers who had not responded to standard vaccine: randomised double blind dose-response study

BMJ 1997; 314 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.314.7077.329 (Published 01 February 1997) Cite this as: BMJ 1997;314:329
  1. Jane N Zuckerman, heada,
  2. Caroline Sabin, lecturer in medical statistics and epidemiologyb,
  3. M Craig Fiona, project managerc,
  4. A Williams, director of clinical developmentc,
  5. Arie J Zuckerman, professor of medical microbiologyd
  1. a Academic Unit of Travel Medicine and Vaccines, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London NW3 2PF
  2. b Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London NW3 2PF
  3. c Medeva Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, Evans House, Regent Park, Leatherhead, Surrey KT22 7PQ
  4. d WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Viral Diseases, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London NW3 2PF
  1. Correspondence to: Dr J N Zuckerman
  • Accepted 15 November 1996

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a new triple S recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in a cohort of healthy people in whom currently licensed hepatitis B vaccines had persistently not induced an immune response.

Design: Single centre, randomised, double blind, dose-response study.

Setting: Research vaccine evaluation centre at a teaching hospital.

Subjects: 100 healthcare workers aged 18-70 years with a history of failure to seroconvert after at least four doses of a licensed hepatitis B vaccine containing the S component.

Intervention: Each subject was randomly allocated two doses of 5, 10, 20, or 40 µg of a new hepatitis B vaccine two months apart.

Main outcome measures: Immunogenicity of the four doses. Seroconversion and seroprotection were defined as an antibody titre >10 IU/l and >100 IU/l respectively against an international antibody standard.

Results: 69 subjects seroconverted after a single dose of the vaccine. After the booster vaccination one other subject seroconverted, bringing the overall seroconversion rate to 70%. Fifteen subjects given 5 µg of vaccine, 19 given 10 µg, 16 given 20 µg, and 20 given 40 µg seroconverted. Seroconversion rates in the four antigen dose groups were 60% (15/25), 76% (19/25), 64% (16/25), and 80% (20/25). After the booster dose there was no significant dose-response effect on the overall seroconversion rate, although the small sample size meant that a clinically important dose-response could not be ruled out.

Conclusion: A single dose of 20 µg of the vaccine was as effective as two doses of either 40 µg or 20 µg of this vaccine formulation in terms of seroconversion, seroprotection, and geometric mean titres.

Key messages

  • Up to 15% of healthy people do not respond to currently licensed hepatitis B vaccines

  • Incorporation of the pre-S1 and pre-S2 components with the S antigen overcame this non-response in 69% of healthcare workers with a history of persistent non-response to conventional hepatitis B vaccines

  • Significantly higher geometric mean titre levels were obtained with increased dosage of vaccine

  • A single dose of 20 µg of the new vaccine seems to be effective in terms of seroconversion, seroprotection, and geometric mean titres

Footnotes

  • Accepted 15 November 1996
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