Breast cancer and hormonal supplements in postmenopausal women
BMJ 1995; 311 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.311.7007.699 (Published 16 September 1995) Cite this as: BMJ 1995;311:699- Klim McPherson
- Professor of public health epidemiology Health Promotion Sciences Unit, Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT
Among current users of combined supplements the risk rises with five or more years' treatment
Breast cancer is a hormonal cancer that is common after the menopause, and hence the effects of hormone supplementation are of enormous concern to women. The epidemiology of breast cancer remains largely unexplained, as known risk factors explain only around 40% of the disease. This is due to its prolonged, complicated, and multifactorial aetiology. Studies suffer from subtle selection processes that lead to unmeasured confounding, from long delays in measuring the effects on early carcinogenic changes, and from imprecision in investigations of modifying effects among important subgroups.
Hormone supplements are clearly effective in relieving menopausal symptoms and preventing osteoporosis if taken for long enough. Do these and the putative protective effect on coronary heart disease1 make them the most important advance in preventive medicine in the past 50 years?2 Endometrial cancer is a serious problem with unopposed oestrogen, and, assuming that the protection from heart disease is real, breast cancer might still be a serious problem with either oestrogen or combined (opposed) preparations. How might these considerations balance out for a woman wanting to understand the benefits and risks? For a 50 year old woman the baseline lifetime risk of coronary heart disease is around 45%, of hip fracture is 15%, and of breast cancer is 8%. Clearly, such aggregate data will weigh differentially with the potential relief of symptoms, prevention …
Log in
Log in using your username and password
Log in through your institution
Subscribe from £173 *
Subscribe and get access to all BMJ articles, and much more.
* For online subscription
Access this article for 1 day for:
£38 / $45 / €42 (excludes VAT)
You can download a PDF version for your personal record.