The relationship between the health status of a child and the psychiatric symptoms of a mother is examined for an inner-city sample (n = 209) of chronically ill children with heterogeneous physical diagnoses. Whereas no relationship exists between the mother's psychiatric symptoms and a medical provider's report of the burden that the child's condition entails, there is a relationship between the functional status of the child and the mental health status of the mother. Children with more functional limitations have mothers who are more symptomatic. The presence of other stressors in the family, familial impact of the illness, poor physical health of the mother, and the absence of a confidant for the women are also associated with the mother's psychiatric symptoms in a multivariate analysis that includes traditional predictors of women's mental health. In contrast with the results from more general population studies, a greater number of children may be protective for a mother of a child with a chronic illness.