Absolute rates and age and multivariable adjusted hazard ratios of all cause mortality by categories of average cumulative intake of dietary calcium by calcium supplement use
| Variables | Dietary calcium intake (mg/day) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <600 | 600-999 | 1000-1399 | ≥1400 | |
| No supplement use: | ||||
| No of deaths | 580 | 7324 | 2842 | 112 |
| Person years at risk | 44 736 | 617 437 | 237 108 | 7067 |
| Rate per 1000 person years (95% CI) | 13.0 (12.0 to 14.1) | 11.9 (11.6 to 12.1) | 12.0 (11.6-12.4) | 15.8 (13.2-19.1) |
| Age adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.53 (1.41 to 1.67) | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) | 0.95 (0.91 to 0.99) | 1.30 (1.08 to 1.56) |
| Adjusted hazard ratio* (95% CI) | 1.43 (1.32 to 1.56) | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) | 0.94 (0.90 to 0.99) | 1.17 (0.97 to 1.41) |
| Use of any type of calcium containing supplement: | ||||
| No of deaths | 17 | 687 | 366 | 16 |
| Person years at risk | 5414 | 125 966 | 55 791 | 1361 |
| Rate per 1000 person years (95% CI) | 3.1 (2.0 to 5.1) | 5.5 (5.1 to 5.9) | 6.6 (5.9 to 7.3) | 11.8 (7.2 to 19.2) |
| Age adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 1.45 (0.90 to 2.35) | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) | 0.97 (0.85 to 1.10) | 1.85 (1.13 to 3.03) |
| Adjusted hazard ratio* (95% CI) | 1.17 (0.72 to 1.89) | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) | 0.91 (0.80 to 1.04) | 1.51 (0.91 to 2.50) |
| Use of calcium tablets | ||||
| No of deaths | 2 | 225 | 107 | 7 |
| Person years at risk | 1820 | 32 120 | 13 506 | 380 |
| Rate per 1000 person years (95% CI) | 1.1 (0.3 to 4.4) | 7.0 (6.1 to 8.0) | 7.9 (6.6 to 9.6) | 18.4 (8.8 to 38.6) |
| Age adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | 0.59 (0.15 to 2.36) | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) | 0.87 (0.69 to 1.10) | 2.65 (1.25 to 5.64) |
| Adjusted hazard ratio* (95% CI) | 0.49 (0.12 to 2.01) | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00) | 0.78 (0.61 to 0.99) | 2.57 (1.19 to 5.55) |
Calcium intake by categories refers to cumulative average intake in cohort.
*Adjusted for age, total energy and vitamin D intake, a healthy dietary pattern, body mass index, height, living alone, educational level, physical activity level, smoking status, and Charlson’s comorbidity index.