Table 6

Characteristics of intervention studies measuring the effect of advice to reduce intakes free sugars on change in BMI in children and adolescents

Study	Methods	Participants	Diet		Outcomes	Study duration	Dose
Study	Methods	Participants	Intervention	Control	Outcomes	Study duration	Dose
Davis 2009⁴⁶	Randomised controlled trial	68 Latino adolescents	Nutrition education on carbohydrate modification with targets of <10% total energy from added sugars and >14 g/1000 kcal dietary fibre	Usual diet	Glycaemic responses, insulin sensitivity, body composition, change in dietary intakes and activity levels	16 weeks	Reduction in added sugar intake of 10 g/day v 2 g/day
Ebbeling 2006²⁷	Randomised controlled intervention study	103 adolescents aged 13-18 years consuming at least one serving/day of sugar sweetened beverages	Weekly home deliveries of non-caloric beverages, amounting to 4 servings per participant/day and two servings/day for additional household members, with behavioural counselling by telephone to encourage displacement of sugar sweetened beverages	Continued usual habits of beverage consumption	Change in BMI from baseline to follow-up, change in energy intake from carbonated beverages, consumption of non-caloric beverages	25 weeks	Reduction in added sugar intake of 75 g/day v 12 g/day
James 2004²⁹	Cluster randomised controlled trial	644 primary school children aged 7-11 years from 6 schools and 29 classes in UK	Nutrition education to reduce consumption of carbonated beverages	No nutrition education	Change in BMI z score, change in soft drink consumption	12 months	Reduction in 0.1 glasses/day of sugar sweetened carbonated drinks v no reduction
Paineau 2008³³	Randomised controlled trial	1013 children from 54 elementary schools in Paris, 1013 parents	Nutrition education to reduce fat and sugar intake and increase intake of complex carbohydrates	Nutrition education to reduce fat intake and increase intake of complex carbohydrates	Changes in anthropometry including BMI, BMI z score, changes in dietary intakes in children and parents	8 months	Children: reduction of 10 g/day of sugar v 5.5 g/day
Sichieri 2009⁴⁰	Randomised, controlled, cluster school based intervention	1140 Brazilian children in the 4th grade (age 9-11 years), living in urban areas and of low socioeconomic status	Behavioural intervention to reduce intake of sugar sweetened beverages delivered in the classroom in 10×1 h sessions	2×1 h general health sessions and printed advice regarding healthy diets	Beverage consumption, weight change, BMI	About 8 months	Reduction in carbonated beverages of 69 mL/day v 13 mL/day