Weighted standardised mean differences in effect of Z drugs (treatment) or placebo on insomnia
| Weighted mean effect size (95% CI) | Homogeneity of effect sizes I2 (95% CI) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Within groups | Between groups | |||||||||
| No* | Treatment | Control | No* | Treatment v control | Treatment | Control | Treatment v control | |||
| Primary outcome-sleep latency | ||||||||||
| PSG | 16 | −0.93 (−1.32 to −0.54) | −0.39 (−0.54 to −0.23) | 22 | −0.36 (−0.57 to −0.16) | 89 (83.58 to 92.47) | 0 (0 to 77.60) | 41 (1.18 to 64.30) | ||
| Subjective | 4 | −0.67 (−1.30 to −0.03) | −0.33 (−0.63 to −0.03) | 11 | −0.33 (−0.62 to −0.04) | 0 (0 to 49.26) | 0 (0 to 66.15) | 83 (70.98 to 90.05) | ||
| Secondary outcomes | ||||||||||
| Wake after sleep onset (PSG) | 2 | −0.52 (−1.40 to 0.36) | −0.29 (−0.67 to −0.08) | 3 | −0.24 (−0.72 to 0.24) | 83 (29.36 to 95.94) | 50 (0 to 87.35) | 0 (0 to 93.84) | ||
| No of awakenings (PSG) | 2 | −0.36 (−1.28 to 0.56) | −0.21 (−0.60 to 0.17) | 4 | −0.33 (−0.80 to 0.14) | 91 (70 to 97.57) | 0 (0 to 99.67) | 65 (0 to 88.10) | ||
| No of awakenings (subjective) | 2 | −0.91 (−1.90 to 0.09) | −0.28 (−0.66 to 0.10) | 6 | −0.06 (−0.42 to 0.29) | 87 (47.31 to 96.63) | 36 (0 to 79.25) | 85 (69 to 92.67) | ||
| Total sleep time (PSG) | 2 | 1.06 (−1.37 to 3.49) | 0.65 (−0.67 to 1.98) | 2 | 0.41 (−0.51 to 1.32) | 74 (0 to 94.19) | 42 (0 to 83.14) | 0 | ||
| Sleep efficiency (PSG) | 2 | 0.52 (−1.23 to 2.28) | 0 (−0.59 to 0.59) | 5 | 0.59 (−0.12 to 1.29) | 54 (0 to 88.82) | 0 | 0 (0 to 75.02) | ||
| Total sleep time (subjective) | 0 | — | — | 7 | 0.45 (−0.08 to 0.98) | — | — | 0 (0 to 71.12) | ||
| Sleep quality (subjective) | 0 | — | — | 4 | 0.30 (−0.32 to 0.92) | — | — | 0 (0 to 71.13) | ||
| Wake after sleep onset (subjective) | 0 | — | — | 1 | −0.16 (−0.60 to 0.28) | — | — | — | ||
PSG=polysomnographic.
*No of comparisons.