Frequency of congenital malformations in women with bipolar disorder treated with mood stabilising drugs during early pregnancy
| Mood stabilisers | No in group | No (%) with outcome | P value* | Congenital malformations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lamotrigine | 116 | 4 (3.5) | 0.12 | 2 talipes equinovarus†, 2 heart malformations |
| Antipsychotics | 113 | 4 (3.5) | 0.11 | 1 talipes equinovarus†, 1 cleft palate, 1 urinary system agenesis, 1 heart malformation‡ |
| Lithium | 107 | 3 (2.8) | 0.19 | 2 heart malformations‡, 1 hypospadias |
| Valproate | 32 | 1 (3.1) | 0.34 | 1 hypospadias |
| Carbamazepine | 7 | 0 (0.0) | — | — |
*Fisher’s exact test. P value for difference in proportions between women with treated bipolar disorder and women without bipolar disorder.
†Used lamotrigine and antipsychotics.
‡Used antipsychotics and lithium.