Number of trials examining primary disease, number of regimens tested, and amount of evidence from randomised clinical trials supporting first and second line treatments in 16 neglected tropical diseases
| Trials | Regimens | No of trials/sample size supporting first and second line treatments | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Schistosomiasis | 114 | 34 | Praziquantel (76/14488); oxamniquine (23/2419) |
| Ascariasis | 79 | 37 | mebendazole (24/5865); albendazole (33/7526); pyrantel pamoate (16/1838); levamisole (12/1254); ivermectin (5/1432); piperazine citrate (5/223); nitazoxanide (1/35) |
| Hookworm | 77 | 29 | Albendazole (40/7106); mebendazole (27/5790); pyrantel pamoate (16/1429); levamisole (3/400) |
| Trichuriasis | 66 | 24 | Mebendazole (25/6321); albendazole (41/8739); ivermectin (5/1432) |
| Strongyloidiasis | 14 | 6 | Ivermectin (6/803); albendazole (11/1066) |
| Lymphatic filariasis | 73 | 17 | Diethylcarbamazine plus albendazole (15/1953); diethylcarbamazine (44; /2901) |
| Visceral leishmaniasis | 67 | 29 | Pentavalent antimonials (28/3026); liposomal amphotericin (7/758); miltefosine (5/754); amphotericin B deoxycholate (23/3999); paromomycin (5/1098); amphotericin B colloidal dispersion (1/405); amphotericin B lipid complex (5/284) |
| Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis | 61 | 35 | Pentavalent antimonials (16/863); heat treatment (3/224) |
| New World cutaneous leishmaniasis | 44 | 22 | Pentavalent antimonials (39/1589); miltefosine (5/398); pentamidine (2/55) |
| Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis | 7 | 7 | Pentavalent antimonials (5/157); amphotericin B deoxycholate (1/10) |
| Onchocerciasis | 53 | 26 | Ivermectin (27/5398); doxycycline plus ivermectin (2/150) |
| Multibacillary leprosy | 56 | 55 | Rifampin, dapsone plus clofazimine (16/846) |
| Paucibacillary leprosy | 21 | 16 | Rifampin plus dapsone (14/2299) |
| Trachoma | 29 | 22 | Oral azithromycin (8/871); ophthalmic tetracyclines (14/1849) |
| Rabies | 13 | 17 | PVCV IM (3/399); PCECV ID (4/171); PCECV IM (4/134); CPVCV IM (1/200); PDEV IM (1/52); HDCV IM (1/10); CPVCV IM plus rabies Ig (2/255); PCECV IM plus rabies Ig (2/159); PVCV ID (2/374); HDCV ID rabies Ig (1/78); HDCV IM plus rabies Ig (1/39); PVCV IM plus rabies Ig (1/47) |
| Cysticercosis | 32 | 7 | Albendazole plus corticosteroids (12/690); praziquantel plus corticosteroids (2/64) |
| American trypanosomiasis | 8 | 5 | Benznidazole (5/429); nifurtimox (1/27) |
| Echinococcosis | 15 | 8 | Surgery alone (8/279); surgery plus albendazole (5/209); albendazole (4/224); percutaneous drainage plus albendazole (2/37); placebo or no treatment (2/64) mebendazole (3/204) |
| Human African trypanosomiasis* | 10 | 7 | Melarsoprol (5/1865); nifurtimox plus eflornithine (3/211); eflornithine (4/536); pentamidine (1/52) |
| Dracunculiasis | 9 | 6 | No recommended first line treatment against disease among tested agents |
| Buruli ulcer | 5 | 8 | Streptomycin plus rifampin (1/76); streptomycin, rifampin plus clarithromycin (1/75); streptomycin plus rifampin followed by excision (1/16) |
| Dengue or dengue hemorrhagic fever | 4 | 6 | No recommended first line treatment against disease among tested agents |
| Foodborne trematode infections: | |||
| Fascioliasis | 5 | 4 | Triclabendazole (4/399); nitazoxanide (1/80) |
| Opisthorchiasis | 4 | 7 | Praziquantel (3/140) |
| Clonorchiasis | 3 | 5 | Praziquantel (3/63) |
| Paragonimiasis | 2 | 2 | Praziquantel (1/15); triclabendazole (2/201) |
| Fasciolopsiasis | 1 | 1 | Praziquantel (1/85) |
ID=intradermal; IM=intramuscular; PVCV=purified Vero cell vaccine; PCECV=purified chick embryo cell vaccine; CPVCV=chromatographically purified Vero cell vaccine; HDCV=human diploid cell rabies vaccine; PDEV=purified duck embryo vaccine; Ig=immunoglobulin.
*Early and late stage Trypanosoma brucei gambiense.