Sensitivity analysis of association between psychological distress and cause specific mortality, with and without multiple imputation
| Fully adjusted model* by cause of death | Meta-analysis | Multiple imputation | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deaths (no) | Participants (no) | 1 standard deviation disadvantage in GHQ-12 score† | Deaths (no) | Participants (no)‡ | 1 standard deviation disadvantage in GHQ-12 score† | ||
| Total | 4963 | 41 362 | 1.16 (1.12 to 1.20) | 8492 | 57 861 | 1.15 (1.13 to 1.18) | |
| Cardiovascular disease§ | 1956 | 41 362 | 1.17 (1.12 to 1.22) | 3440 | 57 861 | 1.14 (1.10 to 1.19) | |
| Cancer | 1698 | 41 362 | 0.95 (0.85 to 1.07) | 2530 | 57 861 | 1.05 (1.01 to 1.09) | |
| External cause | 241 | 41 362 | 1.32 (1.13 to 1.55) | 381 | 57 861 | 1.23 (1.11 to 1.36) | |
Data are hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) unless indicated otherwise.
*Model adjusted for age, sex, occupational social class, diabetes, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption.
†GHQ-12 score standardised with sex specific standard deviations.
‡Total no of participants in multiple imputation models excludes the 2003 and 2004 cohort studies since they were excluded from all fully adjusted models owing to their recording of alcohol consumption in a different format to other years.
§Cardiovascular disease comprises ischaemic heart disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, and heart failure.