Difference in mean energy content of lunchtime purchases from fast food outlets in 2009 between customers who reported using information on calorie labelling and those who did not
| Mean (95% CI) energy content/purchase (kcal)* | Difference (P value) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Did not use information | Used information | ||
| Outlet: | 863.0 (841.6 to 884.4) | 757.3 (732.0 to 782.5) | −105.7 (<0.001) |
| McDonald’s | 806.4 (778.3 to 834.5) | 673.4 (634.9 to 711.8) | −133.0 (<0.001) |
| Burger King | 982.9 (941.3 to 1024.5) | 826.8 (754.7 to 898.9) | −156.1 (0.003) |
| Wendy’s | 842.9 (788.9 to 897.0) | 703.7 (636.9 to 770.5) | −139.2 (0.002) |
| Subway | 904.8 (879.9 to 929.7) | 814.2 (785.5 to 842.9) | −90.6 (<0.001) |
| Au Bon Pain | 480.9 (471.1 to 490.7) | 440.1 (375.2 to 505.1) | −40.8 (0.23) |
| KFC | 872.6 (846.9 to 898.2) | 849.3 (782.4 to 916.2) | −23.3 (0.54) |
| Popeye’s | 980.2 (944.1 to 1016.4) | 878.8 (739.7 to 1017.9) | −101.4 (0.17) |
| Domino’s | 1038.5 (864.8 to 1212.2) | 1000.0 (1000.0 to 1000.0) | −38.5 (—) |
| Pizza Hut | 1000.1 (923.2 to 1076.9) | 691.8 (482.4 to 901.2) | −308.3 (0.03) |
| Papa John’s | 576.4 (494.4 to 658.4) | 434.6 (344.4 to 524.9) | −141.8 (0.03) |
| Taco Bell | 796.7 (742.6 to 850.8) | 886.9 (754.1 to 1019.7) | 90.2 (0.29) |
| Sex: | |||
| Men | 913.7 (890.1 to 937.4) | 819.2 (788.4 to 849.9) | −94.6 (0.003) |
| Women | 810.3 (787.1 to 833.6) | 711.3 (681.8 to 740.9) | −99.0 (<0.001) |
| Age (years)*: | |||
| 18–24 | 886.4 (857.1 to 915.7) | 821.6 (763.0 to 880.1) | −64.8 (0.05) |
| 25–34 | 898.0 (875.5 to 920.5) | 784.1 (749.5 to 818.7) | −113.8 (<0.001) |
| 35–44 | 884.6 (855.3 to 913.9) | 765.5 (724.8 to 806.2) | −119.1 (<0.001) |
| ≥45 | 779.8 (753.5 to 806.1) | 682.9 (640.8 to 725.0) | −96.9 (<0.001) |
| Poverty by customer residence†: | |||
| Low | 844.0 (799.5 to 888.4) | 729.7 (675.3 to 784.1) | −114.3 (0.002) |
| Moderate | 868.1 (844.3 to 892.0) | 766.5 (733.5 to 799.6) | −101.6 (<0.001) |
| High | 871.1 (844.6 to 897.7) | 763.5 (721.6 to 805.3) | −107.7 (<0.001) |
| Outside city | 837.9 (788.5 to 887.3) | 766.9 (717.6 to 816.2) | −71.0 (0.05) |
| Poverty by store location†: | |||
| Low | 852.0 (806.5 to 897.4) | 737.1 (695.7 to 778.5) | −114.8 (0.002) |
| Moderate | 865.0 (830.1 to 899.9) | 774.2 (732.9 to 815.4) | −90.8 (<0.001) |
| High | 870.0 (838.2 to 901.8) | 761.4 (711.8 to 811.1) | −108.6 (0.003) |
*1 kcal = 4.184 kilojoules.
†Poverty is categorised by percentage of households in the store location or customer’s residential zip code that were below twice the national poverty level: <25% in low poverty neighbourhoods, 25%–45% in moderate poverty neighbourhoods, >45% in high poverty neighbourhoods.