Effect of needle size on immunogenicity and reactogenicity of vaccines in infants: randomised controlled trial
BMJ 2006; doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38906.704549.7C (Published 04 August 2006) Cite this as: BMJ 2006;:bmj;bmj.38906.704549.7Cv1Data supplement
Local reactions according to size of needle used for immunisations in infants
No (%) with reactions by needle size
Differences between needle sizes: relative risk (95% CI)
Wider, longer needle
Narrower, shorter needle
Narrower, longer needle
Wider, longer vnarrower, shorter needle
P value
Narrower, longervwider, longer needle
P value
Combination diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
First dose:
Any reaction
162 (69)
174 (78)
139 (62)
0.88 (0.79 to 0.99)
0.03
0.90 (0.79 to 1.03)
0.12
Any reaction after 24 hours
91 (39)
126 (57)
82 (37)
0.69 (0.56 to 0.84)
0.0001
0.95 (0.75 to 1.20)
0.64
Any reaction
136 (61)
144 (68)
125 (57)
0.91 (0.79 to 1.04)
0.17
0.92 (0.79 to 1.08)
0.31
Any reaction after 24 hours
94 (42)
119 (56)
83 (38)
0.76 (0.62 to 0.92)
0.005
0.89 (0.71 to 1.12)
0.30
Any reaction
137 (64)
136 (67)
106 (50)
0.95 (0.82 to 1.09)
0.44
0.79 (0.67 to 0.94)
0.006
Any reaction after 24 hours
96 (45)
119 (59)
77 (37)
0.76 (0.63 to 0.92)
0.004
0.82 (0.65 to 1.04)
0.09
First dose:
Any reaction
111 (47)
114 (51)
93 (42)
0.93 (0.77 to 1.12)
0.43
0.88 (0.72 to 1.08)
0.22
Any reaction after 24 hours
45 (19)
50 (22)
30 (13)
0.87 (0.61 to 1.25)
0.45
0.70 (0.46 to 1.07)
0.10
Any reaction
84 (38)
79 (37)
92 (42)
1.02 (0.80 to 1.30)
0.90
1.11 (0.88 to 1.39)
0.39
Any reaction after 24 hours
48 (20)
45 (20)
47 (21)
1.03 (0.71 to 1.48)
0.89
1.03 (0.72 to 1.48)
0.87
Any reaction
95 (44)
85 (41)
83 (39)
1.04 (0.84 to 1.30)
0.70
0.90 (0.72 to 1.13)
0.38
Any reaction after 24 hours
59 (25)
57 (25)
42 (19)
0.98 (0.71 to 1.34)
0.90
0.76 (0.54 to 1.09)
0.13
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