Systematic review and meta-analysis of ethnic differences in risks of adverse reactions to drugs used in cardiovascular medicine

Appendix 1 — Embase search strategy

Appendix 3

Appendix 1 — Embase search strategy [posted as supplied by author]

ADRs

1. (Agents-Acting-On-The-Auditory-and-Vestibular-Systems-AE#.DE. OR Agents-Acting-On-The-Auditory-and-Vestibular-Systems-IT#.DE. OR Agents-Acting-On-The-Auditory-and-Vestibular-Systems-TO#.DE.)

3,233

2. (Agents-Acting-On-The-Eye-AE#.DE. OR Agents-Acting-On-The-Eye-IT#.DE. OR Agents-Acting-On-The-Eye-TO#.DE.)

20,418

3. (Agents-Acting-On-The-Genital-System-AE#.DE. OR Agents-Acting-On-The-Genital-System-IT#.DE. OR Agents-Acting-On-The-Genital-System-TO#.DE.)

25,538

4. (Agents-Affecting-Metabolism-AE#.DE. OR Agents-Affecting-Metabolism-IT#.DE. OR Agents-Affecting-Metabolism-TO#.DE.)

122,912

5. (Agents-Affecting-Water-Molecule-Or-Ion-Transport-AE#.DE. OR Agents-Affecting-Water-Molecule-Or-Ion-Transport-IT#.DE. OR Agents-Affecting-Water-Molecule-Or-Ion-Transport-TO#.DE.)

17,615

6. (Agents-Interacting-With-Transmitter-Hormone-Or-Drug-Receptors-AE#.DE. OR Agents-Interacting-With-Transmitter-Hormone-Or-Drug-Receptors-IT#.DE. OR Agents-Interacting-With-Transmitter-Hormone-Or-Drug-Receptors-TO#.DE.)

6

7. (Agents-Used-In-Emergency-Medicine-AE#.DE. OR Agents-Used-In-Emergency-Medicine-IT#.DE. OR Agents-Used-In-Emergency-Medicine-TO#.DE.)

8,682

8. (Analgesic-Antiinflammatory-Antirheumatic-and-Antigout-Agents-AE#.DE. OR Analgesic-Antiinflammatory-Antirheumatic-and-Antigout-Agents-IT#.DE. OR Analgesic-Antiinflammatory-Antirheumatic-and-Antigout-Agents-TO#.DE.)

2

9. (Antiinfective-Agent-AE#.DE. OR Antiinfective-Agent-IT#.DE. OR Antiinfective-Agent-TO#.DE.)

100,954

10. (Antineoplastic-Agent-AE#.DE. OR Antineoplastic-Agent-IT#.DE. OR Antineoplastic-Agent-TO#.DE.)

95,431

11. (Antiparasitic-Agent-AE#.DE. OR Antiparasitic-Agent-IT#.DE. OR Antiparasitic-Agent-TO#.DE.)

15,597

12. (Biologic-Factors-and-Agents-Acting-On-The-Immune-System-AE#.DE. OR Biologic-Factors-and-Agents-Acting-On-The-Immune-System-IT#.DE. OR Biologic-Factors-and-Agents-Acting-On-The-Immune-System-TO#.DE.)

89,039

13. (Biomedical-and-Dental-Materials-AE#.DE. OR Biomedical-and-Dental-Materials-IT#.DE. OR Biomedical-and-Dental-Materials-TO#.DE.)

2,973

14. (Cardiovascular-Agent-AE#.DE. OR Cardiovascular-Agent-IT#.DE. OR Cardiovascular-Agent-TO#.DE.)

77,149

15. (Central-Nervous-System-Agents-AE#.DE. OR Central-Nervous-System-Agents-IT#.DE. OR Central-Nervous-System-Agents-TO#.DE.)

103,019

16. (Dermatological-Agent-AE#.DE. OR Dermatological-Agent-IT#.DE. OR Dermatological-Agent-TO#.DE.)

25,448

17. (Diagnostic-Agent-AE#.DE. OR Diagnostic-Agent-IT#.DE. OR Diagnostic-Agent-TO#.DE.)

32,640

18. (Digestive-Tract-Agent-AE#.DE. OR Digestive-Tract-Agent-IT#.DE. OR Digestive-Tract-Agent-TO#.DE.)

42,353

19. (Drugs-Used-In-The-Treatment-Of-Addiction-AE#.DE. OR Drugs-Used-In-The-Treatment-Of-Addiction-IT#.DE. OR Drugs-Used-In-The-Treatment-Of-Addiction-TO#.DE.)

6,765

20. (Hematologic-Agent-AE#.DE. OR Hematologic-Agent-IT#.DE. OR Hematologic-Agent-TO#.DE.)

37,333

21. (Hormones-and-Agents-Acting-On-The-Endocrine-System-AE#.DE. OR Hormones-and-Agents-Acting-On-The-Endocrine-System-IT#.DE. OR Hormones-and-Agents-Acting-On-The-Endocrine-System-TO#.DE.)

67,731

22. (Miscellaneous-Drugs-and-Agents-AE#.DE. OR Miscellaneous-Drugs-and-Agents-IT#.DE. OR Miscellaneous-Drugs-and-Agents-TO#.DE.)

4,756

23. (Natural-Product-AE#.DE. OR Natural-Product-IT#.DE. OR Natural-Product-TO#.DE.)

185,633

24. (Organic-Compound-AE#.DE. OR Organic-Compound-IT#.DE. OR Organic-Compound-TO#.DE.)

289,122

25. (Pharmaceutical-Vehicles-and-Additives-AE#.DE. OR Pharmaceutical-Vehicles-and-Additives-IT#.DE. OR Pharmaceutical-Vehicles-and-Additives-TO#.DE.)

24,309

26. (Respiratory-Tract-Agent-AE#.DE. OR Respiratory-Tract-Agent-IT#.DE. OR Respiratory-Tract-Agent-TO#.DE.)

20,085

27. (Urinary-Tract-Agent-AE#.DE. OR Urinary-Tract-Agent-IT#.DE. OR Urinary-Tract-Agent-TO#.DE.)

25,184

28. Therapy-AE#.DE. OR Therapy-IT#.DE. OR Therapy-TO#.DE.)

144

29. (adverse ADJ drug OR adverse ADJ reaction OR side ADJ effect).TW.

524,887

30. or / 1-29

721,323

31. Restrict 29 to articles relating to humans

540,102

Ethnicity

32. (Aborigine$ OR Aboriginal$ OR Indigenous people$ OR Indigenous population$ OR Maori$).AB. OR (Aborigine$ OR Aboriginal$ OR Indigenous people$ OR Indigenous population$ OR Maori$).TI.

3,613

33. (Inuit$ OR Eskimo$ OR Aleut$).AB. OR (Inuit$ OR Eskimo$ OR Aleut$).TI.

1,324

34. (Native American OR Native Americans OR Native Canadian OR Native Canadians OR Native Alaskan OR Native Alaskans OR American Native$ OR Alaskan Native$ OR Canadian Native$ OR American Indian$ OR Canadian Indian$ OR Amerind$).AB. OR (Native American OR Native Americans OR Native Canadian OR Native Canadians OR Native Alaskan OR Native Alaskans OR American Native$ OR Alaskan Native$ OR Canadian Native$ OR American Indian$ OR Canadian Indian$ OR Amerind$).TI.

3,729

35. (Negro$ OR Afro$ OR African).AB. OR (Black NEAR Race OR Black NEAR Ethnic$).AB. OR (Negro$ OR Afro$ OR African).TI. OR (Black NEAR Race OR Black NEAR Ethnic$).TI.

34,143

36. (Caucasian$ OR Caucasoid$ OR Europid$ OR white NEAR race OR white NEAR ethn$).AB. OR (Caucasian$ OR Caucasoid$ OR Europid$ OR white NEAR race OR white NEAR ethn$).TI.

19,132

37. (Arabs OR Arabic OR Bedouin$ OR Semit$ OR Jew$ OR Israeli$).AB. NOT (Gum ADJ Arabic).AB. OR (Arabs OR Arabic OR Bedouin$ OR Semit$ OR Jew$ OR Israeli$).TI. NOT (Gum ADJ Arabic).TI.

12,726

38. (Asian$ OR Chinese OR Japanese OR Oriental$ OR Thai$ OR Phillipino$ OR Filipino$ OR Taiwanese).AB. OR (Asian$ OR Chinese OR Japanese OR Oriental$ OR Thai$ OR Phillipino$ OR Filipino$ OR Taiwanese).TI.

120,676

39. (Indians OR Bengalis OR Kashmiris OR Gujaratis OR Tamils OR Bangladeshi OR Pakistani OR Sri Lankan).AB. OR (Indians OR Bengalis OR Kashmiris OR Gujaratis OR Tamils OR Bangladeshi OR Pakistani OR Sri Lankan).TI.

16,937

40. Hispanic$.AB. OR Hispanic$.TI. OR Latino$.AB. OR Latino$.TI.

7,934

41. Nonwhite.AB. OR Nonwhite.TI. OR minority.AB. OR minority.TI.

19,281

42. (32 and 33) OR (32 and 34) OR (32 and 35) OR (32 and 36) OR (32 and 37) OR (32 and 38) OR (32 and 39) OR (32 and 40) OR (32 and 41)

819

43. (33 and 34) OR (33 and 35) OR (33 and 36) OR (33 and 37) OR (33 and 38) OR (33 and 39) OR (33 and 40) OR (33 and 41)

2,793

44. (34 and 35) OR (34 and 36) OR (35 and 37) OR (35 and 38) OR (35 and 39) OR (35 and 40) OR (35 and 41)

363

45. (35 and 36) OR (35 and 37) OR (35 and 38) OR (35 and 39) OR (35 and 40) OR (35 and 41)

8,582

46. (36 and 37) OR (36 and 38) OR (36 and 39) OR (36 and 40) OR (36 and 41)

5,951

47. (37 and 38) OR (37 and 39) OR (37 and 40) OR (37 and 41)

702

48. (38 and 39) OR (38 and 40) OR (38 and 41)

3,832

49. (39 and 40) OR (39 and 41)

1,226

50. 40 and 41

282

51. or / 42-50

18,952

52. Ethnic difference.DE.

7,380

53. Race difference#.DE.

12,393

54. (Race OR Races OR Racial OR Ethnic$ OR Intra race OR Intra Races OR Intra racial OR Intra ethnic$ OR Inter race OR Inter races OR Inter racial OR Inter ethnic$).AB. OR (Race OR Races OR Racial OR Ethnic$ OR Intra race OR Intra Races OR Intra racial OR Intra ethnic$ OR Inter race OR Inter races OR Inter racial OR Inter ethnic$).TI.

50,17335

55. 51 or 52 or 53 or 54

67,978

47. 31 and 46

2,651

48. Remove case reports

2,579

Medline Search Strategy

ADRs

1. Amino-acids-AE#.DE OR Amino-Acids-PO#.DE. OR Amino-Acids-TO#.DE.

15,252

2. Peptides-AE#.DE. OR Peptides-PO#.DE. OR Peptides-TO#.DE.

24,874

3. Proteins-AE#.DE. OR Proteins-PO#.DE. OR Proteins-TO#.DE.

26,986

4. Anti-allergeic-agents-AE#.DE. OR Anti-allergeic-agents-PO#.DE. OR Anti-allergeic-agents-TO#.DE.

2,132

5. Respiratory-system-agents-AE#.DE. OR Respiratory-system-agents-PO#.DE. OR Respiratory-system-agents-TO#.DE.

14,115

6. Anti-inflammatory-agents-AE#.DE. OR Anti-inflammatory-agents-PO#.DE. OR Anti-inflammatory-agents-TO#.DE.

34,727

7. Anti-rheumatic-agents-AE#.DE. OR Anti-rheumatic-agents-PO#.DE. OR Anti-rheumatic-agents-TO#.DE.

42,147

8. Inflammation-mediators-AE#.DE. OR Inflammation-mediators-PO#.DE. OR Inflammation-mediators-TO#.DE.

4,157

9. Antineoplastic-agents-AE#.DE. OR Antineoplastic-agents-PO#.DE. OR Antineoplastic-agents-TO#.DE.

88,974

10. Immunosuppressive-agents-AE#.DE. OR Immunosuppressive-agents-PO#.DE. OR Immunosuppressive-agents-TO#.DE.

31,189

11. Carbohydrates-AE#.DE. OR Carbohydrates-PO#.DE. OR Carbohydrates-TO#.DE.

47,330

12. Cardiovascular-agents-AE#.DE. OR Cardiovascular-agents-PO#.DE. OR Cardiovascular-agents-TO#.DE.

64,275

13. Central-nervous-system-agents-AE#.DE. OR Central-nervous-system-agents-PO#.DE. OR Central-nervous-system-agents-TO#.DE.

122,287

14. Alkylating-agents-AE#.DE. OR Alkylating-agents-PO#.DE. OR Alkylating-agents-TO#.DE.

14,941

15. Angiotensin-II-type-1-receptor-blockers-AE#.DE. OR Angiotensin-II-type-1-receptor-blockers-PO#.DE. OR Angiotensin-II-type-1-receptor-blockers-TO#.DE.

201

16. Antimetabolites-AE#.DE. OR Antimetabolites-PO#.DE. OR Antimetabolites-TO#.DE.

24,527

17. Calcium-channel-agonists-AE#.DE. OR Calcium-channel-agonists-PO#.DE. OR Calcium-channel-agonists-TO#.DE.

343

18. Calcium-channel-blockers-AE#.DE. OR Calcium-channel-blockers-PO#.DE. OR Calcium-channel-blockers-TO#.DE.

5,599

19. Chelating-agents-AE#.DE. OR Chelating-agents-PO#.DE. OR Chelating-agents-TO#.DE.

3,674

20. Enzyme-activators-AE#.DE. OR Enzyme-activators-PO#.DE. OR Enzyme-activators-TO#.DE.

10

21. Enzyme-inhibitors-AE#.DE. OR Enzyme-inhibitors-PO#.DE. OR Enzyme-inhibitors-TO#.DE.

83,486

22. Enzyme-reactivators-AE#.DE. OR Enzyme-reactivators-PO#.DE. OR Enzyme-reactivators-TO#.DE.

27

23. Fibrinolytic-agents-AE#.DE. OR Fibrinolytic-agents-PO#.DE. OR Fibrinolytic-agents-TO#.DE.

14,000

24. Free-radical-scavengers-AE#.DE. OR Free-radical-scavengers-PO#.DE. OR Free-radical-scavengers-TO#.DE.

3,998

25. HIV-fusion-inhibitors-AE.DE. OR HIV-fusion-inhibitors-PO.DE. OR HIV-fusion-inhibitors-TO.DE.

30

26. Ionophores-AE#.DE. OR Ionophores-PO#.DE. OR Ionophores-TO#.DE.

504

27. Neurotransmitter-agents-AE#.DE. OR Neurotransmitter-agents-PO#.DE. OR Neurotransmitter-agents-TO#.DE.

77,295

28. Nitric-oxide-donors-AE#.DE. OR Nitric-oxide-donors-PO#.DE. OR Nitric-oxide-donors-TO#.DE.

727

29. Potassium-channel-blockers-AE#.DE. OR Potassium-channel-blockers-PO#.DE. OR Potassium-channel-blockers-TO#.DE.

83

30. Sodium-channel-blockers-AE#.DE. OR Sodium-channel-blockers-PO#.DE. OR Sodium-channel-blockers-TO#.DE.

29

31. Anesthetics-combined-AE.DE. OR Anesthetics-PO.DE. OR Anesthetics-TO.DE.

126

32. Antispermatogenic-agents-AE#.DE. OR Antispermatogenic-agents-PO#.DE. OR Antispermatogenic-agents-TO#.DE.

251

33. Astringents-AE#.DE. OR Astringents-PO#.DE. OR Astringents-TO#.DE.

50

34. Central-nervous-system-depressants-AE#.DE. OR Central-nervous-system-depressants-PO#.DE. OR Central-nervous-system-depressants-TO#.DE.

68,544

35. Central-nervous-system-stimulants-AE#.DE. OR Central-nervous-system-stimulants-PO#.DE. OR Central-nervous-system-stimulants-TO#.DE.

7,073

36. Emetics-AE#.DE. OR Emetics-PO#.DE. OR Emetics-TO#.DE.

256

37. Growth-substances-AE#.DE. OR Growth-substances-PO#.DE. OR Growth-substances-TO#.DE.

10,285

38. Hallucinogens-AE#.DE. OR Hallucinogens-PO#.DE. OR Hallucinogens-TO#.DE.

2,591

39. Hormones-hormone-substitutes-and-hormone-antagonists-AE#.DE. OR Hormones-hormone-substitutes-and-hormone-antagonists-PO#.DE. OR Hormones-hormone-substitutes-and-hormone-antagonists-TO#.DE.

43,787

40. Hypnotics-and-sedatives-AE#.DE. OR Hypnotics-and-sedatives-PO#.DE. OR Hypnotics-and-sedatives-TO#.DE.

10,518

41. Hypoglycemic-agents-AE#.DE. OR Hypoglycemic-agents-PO#.DE. OR Hypoglycemic-agents-TO#.DE.

5,138

42. Immunologic-and-biological-factors-AE#.DE. OR Immunologic-and-biological-factors-PO#.DE. OR Immunologic-and-biological-factors-TO#.DE.

100,095

43. Muscle-relaxants-central-AE#.DE. OR Muscle-relaxants-central-PO#.DE OR Muscle-relaxants-central-TO#.DE.

3,365

44. Narcotic-antagonists-AE#.DE. OR Narcotic-antagonists-PO#.DE. OR Narcotic-antagonists-TO#.DE.

1,485

45. Natriuretic-agents-AE#.DE. OR Natriuretic-agents-PO#.DE. OR Natriuretic-agents-TO#.DE.

12

46. Neurotransmitter-agents-AE#.DE. OR Neurotransmitter-agents-PO#.DE. OR Neurotransmitter-agents-TO#.DE.

77,295

47. Peripheral-nervous-system-agents-AE#.DE. OR Peripheral-nervous-system-agents-PO#.DE. OR Peripheral-nervous-system-agents-TO#.DE.

82,883

48. Protective-agents-AE#.DE. OR Protective-agents-PO#.DE. OR Protective-agents-TO#.DE.

19,279

49. Reproductive-control-agents-AE#.DE. OR Reproductive-control-agents-PO#.DE. OR Reproductive-control-agents-TO#.DE.

26,887

50. Anti-allergic-and-respiratory-system-agents-AE#.DE. OR Anti-allergic-and-respiratory-system-agents-PO#.DE. OR Anti-allergic-and-respiratory-system-agents-TO.DE.

15,317

51. Anti-infective-agents-AE#.DE. OR Anti-infective-agents-PO#.DE. OR Anti-infective-agents-TO#.DE.

94,473

52. Antilipemic-agents-AE#.DE. OR Antilipemic-agents-PO#.DE. OR Antilipemic-agents-TO#.DE.

3,697

53. Antineoplastic-and-immunosuppressive-agents-AE#.DE. OR Antineoplastic-and-immunosuppressive-agents-PO#.DE. OR Antineoplastic-and-immunosuppressive-agents-TO#.DE.

99,563

54. Dermatologic-agents-AE#.DE. OR Dermatologic-agents-PO#.DE. OR Dermatologic-agents-TO#.DE.

16,794

55. Hematologic-gastrointestinal-and-renal-agents-AE#.DE. OR Hematologic-gastrointestinal-and-renal-agents-PO#.DE. OR Hematologic-gastrointestinal-and-renal-agents-TO#.DE.

61,170

56. Coenzymes-AE#.DE. OR Coenzymes-PO#.DE. OR Coenzymes-TO#.DE.

196

57. Cytochromes-AE#.DE. OR Cytochromes-PO#.DE. OR Cytochromes-TO#.DE.

32

58. Enzyme-precursors-AE#.DE. OR Enzyme-precursors-PO#.DE. OR Enzyme-precursors-TO#.DE.

185

59. Enzymes-AE#.DE. OR Enzymes-PO#.DE. OR Enzymes-TO#.DE.

6,147

60. Micronutrients-AE#.DE. OR Micronutrients-PO#.DE. OR Micronutrients-TO#.DE.

19

61. Vitamins-AE#.DE. OR Vitamins-PO#.DE. OR Vitamins-TO#.DE.

6,716

62. Gastrointestinal-agents-AE#.DE. OR Gastrointestinal-agents-PO#.DE. OR Gastrointestinal-agents-TO#.DE.

22,680

63. Hematologic-agents-AE#.DE. OR Hematologic-agents-PO#.DE. OR Hematologic-agents-TO#.DE.

27,098

64. Renal-agents-AE#.DE. OR Renal-agents-PO#.DE. OR Renal-agents-TO#.DE.

13,026

65. Heterocyclic-compounds-AE#.DE. OR Heterocyclic-compounds-PO#.DE. OR Heterocyclic-compounds-TO#.DE.

161,411

66. Hormone-antagonists-AE#.DE. OR Hormone-antagonists-PO#.DE. OR Hormone-antagonists-TO#.DE.

7,368

67. Hormones-AE#.DE. OR Hormones-PO#.DE. OR Hormones-TO#.DE.

37,309

68. Biological-factors-AE#.DE. OR Biological-factors-PO#.DE. OR Biological-factors-TO#.DE.

37,848

69. Biological-products-AE#.DE. OR Biological-products-PO#.DE. OR Biological-products-TO#.DE.

20,582

70. Immunologic-factors-AE#.DE. OR Immunologic-factors-PO#.DE. OR Immunologic-factors-TO#.DE.

59,538

71. Lipids-AE#.DE. OR Lipids-PO#.DE. OR Lipids-TO#.DE.

23,755

72. Macromolecular-substances-AE#.DE. OR Macromolecular-substances-PO#.DE. OR Macromolecular-substances-TO#.DE.

15,190

73. Neurotransmitter-agents-AE#.DE. OR Neurotransmitter-agents-PO#.DE. OR Neurotransmitter-agents-TO#.DE.

77,295

74. Neurotransmitters-AE#.DE. OR Neurotransmitters-PO#.DE. OR Neurotransmitters-TO#.DE.

8,848

75. Nucleic-acids-nucleotides-and-nucleosides-AE#.DE. OR Nucleic-acids-nucleotides-and-nucleosides-PO#.DE. OR Nucleic-acids-nucleotides-and-nucleosides-TO#.DE.

9,163

76. Nucleic-acids-AE#.DE. OR Nucleic-acids-PO#.DE. OR Nucleic-acids-TO#.DE.

470

77. Nucleosides-AE#.DE. OR Nucleosides-PO#.DE. OR Nucleosides-TO#.DE.

8,157

78. Nucleotides-AE#.DE. OR Nucleotides-PO#.DE. OR Nucleotides-TO#.DE.

824

79. Pharmaceutical-preparations-AE#.DE. OR Pharmaceutical-preparations-PO#.DE. OR Pharmaceutical-preparations-TO#.DE.

15,382

80. Polycyclic-compounds-AE#.DE. OR Polycyclic-compounds-PO#.DE. OR Polycyclic-compounds-TO#.DE.

70,296

81. (Drug-Therapy-AE#.DE.)

28,354

82. (adverse ADJ drug OR adverse ADJ reaction OR side ADJ effect).TW.

125,762

83. or / 1-82

643,895

84. Restrict 83 to humans

505,060

Ethnicity

85. (Aborigine$ OR Aboriginal$ OR Indigenous people$ OR Indigenous population$ OR Maori$).AB. OR (Aborigine$ OR Aboriginal$ OR Indigenous people$ OR Indigenous population$ OR Maori$).TI.

5,342

86. (Inuit$ OR Eskimo$ OR Aleut$).AB. OR (Inuit$ OR Eskimo$ OR Aleut$).TI.

2,057

87. (Native American OR Native Americans OR Native Canadian OR Native Canadians OR Native Alaskan OR Native Alaskans OR American Native$ OR Alaskan Native$ OR Canadian Native$ OR American Indian$ OR Canadian Indian$ OR Amerind$).AB. OR (Native American OR Native Americans OR Native Canadian OR Native Canadians OR Native Alaskan OR Native Alaskans OR American Native$ OR Alaskan Native$ OR Canadian Native$ OR American Indian$ OR Canadian Indian$ OR Amerind$).TI.

5,136

88. (Negro$ OR Afro$ OR African).AB. OR (Black NEAR Race OR Black NEAR Ethnic$).AB. OR (Negro$ OR Afro$ OR African).TI. OR (Black NEAR Race OR Black NEAR Ethnic$).TI.

49,142

89. (Caucasian$ OR Caucasoid$ OR Europid$ OR white NEAR race OR white NEAR ethn$).AB. OR (Caucasian$ OR Caucasoid$ OR Europid$ OR white NEAR race OR white NEAR ethn$).TI.

21,344

90. (Arabs OR Arabic OR Bedouin$ OR Semit$ OR Jew$ OR Israeli$).AB. NOT (Gum ADJ Arabic).AB. OR (Arabs OR Arabic OR Bedouin$ OR Semit$ OR Jew$ OR Israeli$).TI. NOT (Gum ADJ Arabic).TI.

16,015

91. (Asian$ OR Chinese OR Japanese OR Oriental$ OR Thai$ OR Phillipino$ OR Filipino$ OR Taiwanese).AB. OR (Asian$ OR Chinese OR Japanese OR Oriental$ OR Thai$ OR Phillipino$ OR Filipino$ OR Taiwanese).TI.

114,378

92. (Indians OR Bengalis OR Kashmiris OR Gujaratis OR Tamils OR Bangladeshi OR Pakistani OR Sri Lankan).AB. OR (Indians OR Bengalis OR Kashmiris OR Gujaratis OR Tamils OR Bangladeshi OR Pakistani OR Sri Lankan).TI.

24,446

93. Hispanic$.AB. OR Hispanic$.TI. OR Latino$.AB. OR Latino$.TI.

10,770

94. Nonwhite.AB. OR Nonwhite.TI. OR minority.AB. OR minority.TI.

20,902

95. (85 and 86) OR (85 and 87) OR (85 and 88) OR (85 and 89) OR (85 and 90) OR (85 and 91) OR (85 and 92) OR (85 and 93) OR (85 and 94)

1,051

96. (86 and 87) OR (86 and 88) OR (86 and 89) OR (86 and 90) OR (86 and 91) OR (86 and 92) OR (86 and 93) OR (86 and 94)

501

97. (87 and 88) OR (87 and 89) OR (87 and 90) OR (87 and 91) OR (87 and 92) OR (87 and 93) OR (87 and 94)

3,826

98. (88 and 89) OR (88 and 90) OR (88 and 91) OR (88 and 92) OR (88 and 93) OR (88 and 94)

10,524

99. (89 and 90) OR (89 and 91) OR (89 and 92) OR (89 and 93) OR (89 and 94)

6,710

100. (90 and 91) OR (90 and 92) OR (90 and 93) OR (90 and 94)

826

101. (91 and 92) OR (91 and 93) OR (91 and 94)

5,036

102. (92 and 93) OR (92 and 94)

691

103. (93 and 94)

1,395

104. or / 95-103

23,704

105. ethnic$ difference.TW.

2,755

106. race difference OR races difference OR racial$ difference.TW.

2,774

107. (Race OR Races OR Racial OR Ethnic$ OR Intra race OR Intra Races OR Intra racial OR Intra ethnic$ OR Inter race OR Inter races OR Inter racial OR Inter ethnic$).AB. OR (Race OR Races OR Racial OR Ethnic$ OR Intra race OR Intra Races OR Intra racial OR Intra ethnic$ OR Inter race OR Inter races OR Inter racial OR Inter ethnic$).TI.

62,375

108. 104 OR 105 OR 106 OR 104

76,089

109. 84 and 108

1,937

101. Remove case reports

1,863

Appendix 2—Data extraction forms [posted as supplied by author]

Ethnicity and adverse drug reactions

Reference No:

Title:

Discrete data extraction form—ethnicity and adverse drug reactions

Appendix 3 [posted as supplied by author]

Authors did not generally describe the context in which ethnic or racial classifications were made and therefore we extracted data for the ethnic group as described in the each paper. A wide variety of terms was used by the studies to describe different ethnic groups, reflecting the lack of consensus on the appropriate use of such terms, particularly between North American and European researchers. In order to present the data using consistent terminology, we used the following terms. The term Black was used to describe a person with African ancestral origins, who self identifies, or is identified, as Black, African or Afro-Caribbean. The term East Asian was used to describe people whose ancestry is in Far East Asian countries such as China, Japan and Korea. South Asian was used to identify a person whose ancestry is in the countries of the Indian subcontinent, including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. Finally, the term White was used to describe people with European ancestral origins who identify, or are identified, as White or Caucasian.

Reference list for included studies [posted as supplied by author]

w1. Kostis JB, Packer M, Black HR, Schmieder R, Henry D, Levy E. Omapatrilat and enalapril in patients with hypertension: the Omapatrilat Cardiovascular Treatment vs. Enalapril (OCTAVE) trial. Am J Hypertens 2004;17:103-11.

w2. Wright JT, Jr., Dunn JK, Cutler JA, Davis BR, Cushman WC, Ford CE et al. Outcomes in hypertensive black and nonblack patients treated with chlorthalidone, amlodipine, and lisinopril. JAMA 2005;293:1595-608.

w3. Julius S, Cohn JN, Neutel J, Weber M, Turlapaty P, Shen Y et al. Antihypertensive utility of perindopril in a large, general practice-based clinical trial. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich ) 2004;6:10-17.

w4. Burkhart DG, Brown NJ, Griffin MR, Ray WA, Hammerstrom T, Weiss S. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor-associated angioedema: higher risk in blacks than whites. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 1996;5:149-54.

w5. Abbosh J, Anderson JA, Levine AB, Kupin WL. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor-induced angioedema more prevalent in transplant patients. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1999;82:473-76.

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