The responsibilities of researchers, research institutions, funding agencies, and journals for upholding ethical working practices are spelt out in a new report.1

The InterAcademy Council (IAC) and the Global Network of Science Academies (IAP), which have collaborated on the report, say that researchers have the primary responsibility for upholding standards of responsible conduct in research, but they are not alone.

Global research and development expenditures nearly doubled between 1996 and 2009 to $1.3 trillion (£0.8 trillion; €1 trillion). That research is increasingly complex, interdisciplinary, and international in scope.

The report identifies fundamental values and principles that researchers should incorporate into every part of the …