- Keith A Stokes, senior lecturer1
- 1Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
- k.stokes{at}bath.ac.uk
Heneghan and colleagues’ accusation of bias is based on certain specific criteria: lack of randomisation, lack of allocation concealment, lack of blinding, lack of intention to treat, and use of a surrogate outcome measure.1 These are important considerations in the design of any study, but they are not relevant to all study designs and to all primary outcome measures. To suggest …
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