What are odds?

Researchers investigated the association between genitourinary infections that occur from the month before conception to the end of the first trimester and gastroschisis. A case-control study design was used. The mothers of 505 offspring with gastroschisis were identified as cases and mothers of 4924 healthy liveborn infants as controls. Women self reported urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted infections.1

A genitourinary infection was reported by 81 cases compared with 425 controls. The odds of genitourinary infection was 81/424 for cases and 425/4499 for controls (table⇓). A significant association was reported between self reported genitourinary infections just before conception until early pregnancy and gastroschisis (adjusted odds ratio 1.5, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 1.9). The odds ratio was adjusted for maternal age, body mass index before conception, smoking, and Hispanic ethnicity.