Intended for healthcare professionals

  1. Research
  2. Calcium supplements...
  3. Calcium supplements with or without vitamin D and risk of cardiovascular events: reanalysis of the Women’s Health Initiative limited access dataset and meta-analysis
CCBYNC Open access
Research

Calcium supplements with or without vitamin D and risk of cardiovascular events: reanalysis of the Women’s Health Initiative limited access dataset and meta-analysis

BMJ 2011; 342 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d2040 (Published 19 April 2011) Cite this as: BMJ 2011;342:d2040

Related articles

See more

Cited by...

  • Methodological quality of recommendations on vitamin D and calcium - a systematic review of bone health guidelines
  • Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Calcium Supplements, Calcified Atheroma, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
  • Oral Calcium Supplements Associate With Serial Coronary Calcification: Insights From Intravascular Ultrasound
  • Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes in Patients With Prediabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
  • Impact of serum calcium levels on local and total body bone mineral density: A Mendelian randomization study and an age stratum analysis
  • Association between vitamin D supplementation and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis
  • Genetic predisposition to increased serum calcium, bone mineral density, and fracture risk in individuals with normal calcium levels: mendelian randomisation study
  • Serum magnesium and calcium levels in relation to ischemic stroke: Mendelian randomization study
  • The yin and yang of magnesium and calcium: New genetic insights for stroke?
  • Calcium and vitamin D do not prevent fractures in community-dwelling adults
  • Calcium and vitamin D: To supplement or not?
  • Vitamin D in Cardiovascular Disease
  • Optimizing calcium and vitamin D intake through diet and supplements
  • Calcium supplementation in osteoporosis: useful or harmful?
  • Flavonoids, Dairy Foods, and Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health: A Review of Emerging Biologic Pathways
  • Dietary Approaches for Stroke Prevention
  • Dietary calcium intake and risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and fracture in a population with low calcium intake
  • Decreased magnesium status may mediate the increased cardiovascular risk associated with calcium supplementation
  • Risk of Ischemic Stroke Associated With Calcium Supplements With or Without Vitamin D: A Nested Case-Control Study
  • Fragility Fractures Are Associated with an Increased Risk for Cardiovascular Events in Women and Men with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Population-based Study
  • Toward personalized calcium and vitamin D supplementation
  • Calcium supplementation and risk of dementia in women with cerebrovascular disease
  • Calcium Intake From Diet and Supplements and the Risk of Coronary Artery Calcification and its Progression Among Older Adults: 10-Year Follow-up of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
  • Calcium intake and mortality from all causes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease: the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort
  • Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review
  • Recommandations en vue de la prevention des fractures dans les etablissements de soins de longue duree
  • Recommendations for preventing fracture in long-term care
  • Calcium intake and bone mineral density: systematic review and meta-analysis
  • Calcium intake and risk of fracture: systematic review
  • Web of industry, advocacy, and academia in the management of osteoporosis
  • Overdiagnosis of bone fragility in the quest to prevent hip fracture
  • Vitamin D, the autonomic nervous system, and cardiovascular risk
  • Determinants of aortic bioprosthetic valve calcification assessed by multidetector CT
  • The Importance of Ventricular-Vascular Uncoupling
  • Cross-sectional analysis of calcium intake for associations with vascular calcification and mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes from the Diabetes Heart Study
  • Serum magnesium, phosphorus, and calcium are associated with risk of incident heart failure: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
  • Guidelines for the Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association
  • Calcium supplements associated with increased risk of cardiovascular death in men but not women
  • Vitamin D and risk of cause specific death: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational cohort and randomised intervention studies
  • Response to Letter Regarding Article, "Serum Alkaline Phosphatase and Phosphate in Cerebral Atherosclerosis and Functional Outcomes After Cerebral Infarction"
  • The role of vitamin D supplementation in the risk of developing pneumonia: three independent case-control studies
  • Long-term calcium supplementation may have adverse effects on serum cholesterol and carotid intima-media thickness in postmenopausal women: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
  • Increased Risk of Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Diabetes Is Associated With Metformin
  • Influence of calcium supplements on the occurrence of cardiovascular events
  • Opposite impacts of dietary versus supplemental calcium on cardiovascular health
  • What is the appropriate MHRA regulatory response to calcium's increased cardiovascular risk?
  • Dietary calcium intake and risk of stroke: a dose-response meta-analysis
  • Differences between self-reported and verified adverse cardiovascular events in a randomised clinical trial
  • Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation in Women: Making Sense of Conflicting Data
  • Modifying effect of calcium/magnesium intake ratio and mortality: a population-based cohort study
  • An inappropriate response?
  • Problems with epidemiological approach and conclusions-the response
  • Calcium intake is not associated with increased coronary artery calcification: the Framingham Study
  • Combined vitamin D and calcium supplementation may reduce fracture risk in institutionalised older people but has uncertain role in cancer prevention
  • Calcium Builds Strong Bones, and More Is Better--Correct? Well, Maybe Not
  • A Review of Calcium Supplements and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
  • Increased calcium intake may reduce risk of primary hyperparathyroidism
  • Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation During Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer: A Critical Review
  • Incremental Cholecalciferol Supplementation up to 15 {mu}g/d Throughout Winter at 51-55{degrees} N Has No Effect on Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Risk in Healthy Young and Older Adults
  • Calcium supplements: bad for the heart?
  • Calcium supplements may increase the risk of cardiovascular events in postmenopausal women
  • Reply to RT Chlebowski et al
  • Calcium for prevention of weight gain, cardiovascular disease, and cancer
  • Serum calcium level is associated with metabolic syndrome in the general population: FIN-D2D study
  • Does calcium supplementation increase risk of myocardial infarction?
  • DTB Select: 6 | July 2011
  • Authors' response to editorial
  • A reanalysis too far?
  • Claims do not hold water
  • Analysis of absolute incidence tells different story
  • Evidence of harm is unconvincing
  • Calcium, With or Without Vitamin D, Raises Risk for Adverse Cardiovascular Events
  • Do calcium plus vitamin D supplements increase cardiovascular risk?
Back to top