Endgames Statistical Question Confounding in case-control studies BMJ 2010; 341 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c5136 (Published 22 September 2010) Cite this as: BMJ 2010;341:c5136 Article Related content Metrics Responses Peer review Related articles Endgames Matching Published: 12 November 2009; BMJ 339 doi:10.1136/bmj.b4581 Endgames Odds ratios II Published: 15 September 2010; BMJ 341 doi:10.1136/bmj.c4971 Endgames Multiple significance tests Published: 10 June 2010; BMJ 340 doi:10.1136/bmj.c2963 See more Units of sampling, observation, and analysis BMJ October 09, 2015, 351 h5396; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h5396 Randomised controlled trials: understanding confounding BMJ September 25, 2015, 351 h5119; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h5119 Understanding the ecological fallacy BMJ September 21, 2015, 351 h4773; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h4773 How to read a funnel plot in a meta-analysis BMJ September 16, 2015, 351 h4718; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h4718 Understanding the Hawthorne effect BMJ September 04, 2015, 351 h4672; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h4672 Cited by... Confounding in case-control studies IIFulltext