Cough and breathlessness not responding to inhalers
BMJ 2009; 338 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b1862 (Published 27 May 2009) Cite this as: BMJ 2009;338:b1862- Ratna Alluri, staff grade, respiratory medicine,
- Mahendran Chetty, specialist registrar, respiratory medicine,
- Graeme P Currie, consultant respiratory physician
- 1Chest Clinic C, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN
- Correspondence to: R Alluri ratna.alluri{at}nhs.net
A 29 year old unemployed woman who had never smoked was referred to the outpatient clinic with a 10 month history of non-productive cough, breathlessness, and chest tightness. Her exercise tolerance had reduced dramatically from breathlessness on exertion to symptoms at rest over six months. She had been treated for asthma in the community for six months before attendance, although inhalers had conferred little improvement in symptoms. She lived alone and had kept budgies for several years.
She did not have cyanosis or clubbing. Her pulse rate was 80 beats/min regular, blood pressure was 124/88 mm Hg, and her heart sounds were normal. On auscultation she had vesicular breath sounds with fine inspiratory bilateral basal crackles.
Routine haematological and biochemical parameters were normal. Her urinalysis was negative. Chest radiography showed diffuse bilateral air space consolidation, and electrocardiography was normal. Her forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were 1.8 l (predicted 3.3 l) and 2.1 l (3.9 l), respectively.
Questions
1 What do the spirometry results show?
2 What is the differential diagnosis?
3 What investigations are required?
4 What is the likely diagnosis and what treatment is warranted?
Answers
Short answers
1 The FEV1 to FVC ratio is ≥0.7 (0.84 in this case) and both …
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