Problem based learning was developed in the late 1960s and has been the most influential innovation in medical education during the past 40 years. Essentially, problem based learning is a small group teaching method that combines the acquisition of knowledge with the development of generic skills and attitudes. Educationally, it is theoretically grounded in adult learning theory and constructivism and is predicted to produce a better learning environment and improved outcomes in terms of graduate knowledge, skills, and attitudes.

Implementation of problem based learning requires fundamental changes in the way educators conceive, design, deliver, and assess the curriculum.1 Despite the cost and resource implications, problem based learning has been introduced to varying degrees throughout the world—for example, it is used in most medical schools in the United States and many new medical schools in developing countries. Given this wide scale adoption, why is problem based learning still a controversial topic? The …