Until May of this year, the Department of Health advised pregnant women in England not to drink “more than one to two units of alcohol once or twice a week.” Since then, both the department and the British Medical Association have changed their stance;1 2 pregnant women are now told to avoid alcohol completely. There is no new evidence so why the change?

Fetal alcohol syndrome is a serious condition and is clearly a consequence of heavy alcohol intake during pregnancy.3 Although rare (128 cases in England in 2002-3), it is the leading cause of non-genetic intellectual disability in the Western world. The incidence of the broader range of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders is more difficult to determine, for various reasons, including difficulty in diagnosis, under-reporting, and confounding.4