How Islam changed medicine: Ibn Sina (Avicenna) saw medicine and surgery as one

doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7533.120-b

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John Urquhart, professor of biopharmaceutical sciences, University of California at San Francisco (urquhart@ix.netcom.com)

Palo Alto, CA 94301 USA

Editor—In the second Al Hammadi lecture at the St Andrew's Day symposium on therapeutics at the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh in 2002, I contrasted Ibn Sina's Canon of Medicine, …