Long term mortality after starvation during the Leningrad siege: Crucial confounding factor was overlooked

doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7435.346

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Michael D Croft, salaried general practitioner (michael.croft@hertsmere-pct.nhs.uk)

Gateways Surgery, Shenley, Hertfordshire WD7 9LP

EDITOR—Sparén et al retrospectively analysed outcomes, in terms of cardiovascular mortality, in siege survivors and have selected as controls men of similar age who did not experience the siege.1 The data show that survivors have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. The authors conclude that the process of starvation has adversely affected the physiology of the men who experienced food shortages at a critical …