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[Posted as supplied by the author]
Extra table
Congenital malformations with 2-digital ICD10 codes in singletons according to time to pregnancy (TTP) and infertility treatment|
ICD10 code |
No (%) singletons born of fertile couples (TTP £ 12 months) (group A; n=50 897) |
Singletons born of infertile couples who conceived naturally (TTP>12 months) (group B; n=5764) |
Singletons born of infertile couples who received infertility treatment (group C; n=4588) |
||||||
|
No (%) |
Hazard ratio (95% CI) with group A as reference* |
No (%) |
Hazard ratio (95% CI) with group A as reference* |
Hazard ratio (95% CI) with group B as reference*† |
|||||
|
Crude |
Adjusted‡ |
Crude |
Adjusted‡ |
Crude |
Adjusted‡ |
||||
|
Nervous system (Q00-Q07) |
|||||||||
|
Q00 |
0 |
0 |
- |
- |
0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q01 |
2 (0.0) |
0 |
- |
- |
0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q02 |
17 (0.3) |
5 (0.9) |
2.60 |
2.20 (0.80-6.05) |
3 (0.7) |
1.96 |
1.79 (0.51-6.25) |
0.75 |
0.88 (0.20-3.80) |
|
Q03 |
21 (0.4) |
9 (1.6) |
3.79 |
3.91 (1.76-8.66) |
3 (0.7) |
1.59 |
1.89 (0.55-6.49) |
0.42 |
0.54 (0.14-2.02) |
|
Q04 |
19 (0.4) |
4 (0.7) |
1.86 |
1.69 (0.56-5.03) |
5 (1.1) |
2.93 |
2.87 (1.04-7.89) |
1.58 |
2.28 (0.58-9.06) |
|
Q05 |
20 (0.4) |
4 (0.7) |
1.77 |
1.60 (0.54-4.75) |
3 (0.7) |
1.66 |
1.61 (0.47-5.50) |
0.94 |
0.92 (0.20-4.18) |
|
Q06 |
5 (0.1) |
2 (0.3) |
- |
- |
0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q07 |
8 (0.2) |
0 |
- |
- |
3 (0.7) |
4.16 |
3.64 (0.92-14.42) |
- |
- |
|
Eye, ear, face and neck (Q10-Q18) |
|||||||||
|
Q10 |
51 (1.0) |
6 (1.0) |
1.04 |
1.07 (0.46-2.52) |
7 (1.5) |
1.55 |
1.58 (0.71-3.53) |
1.48 |
1.62 (0.53-4.94) |
|
Q11 |
2 (0.0) |
1 (0.2) |
- |
- |
1 (0.2) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q12 |
14 (0.3) |
1 (0.2) |
- |
- |
1 (0.2) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q13 |
22 (0.4) |
5 (0.9) |
2.01 |
2.04 (0.76-5.46) |
0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q14 |
12 (0.2) |
2 (0.3) |
- |
- |
0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q15 |
7 (0.1) |
1 (0.2) |
- |
- |
0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q16 |
8 (0.2) |
1 (0.2) |
- |
- |
1 (0.2) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q17 |
30 (0.6) |
8 (1.4) |
2.38 |
2.11 (0.95-4.65) |
3 (0.7) |
1.15 |
1.04 (0.31-3.46) |
0.49 |
0.50 (0.13-1.91) |
|
Q18 |
52 (1.0) |
8 (1.4) |
1.37 |
1.36 (0.64-2.90) |
6 (1.3) |
1.32 |
1.45 (0.62-3.42) |
0.96 |
1.12 (0.38-3.30) |
|
Circulatory system (Q20-Q28) |
|||||||||
|
Q20 |
36 (0.7) |
4 (0.7) |
0.98 |
0.92 (0.33-2.61) |
5 (1.1) |
1.55 |
1.45 (0.56-3.74) |
1.57 |
1.39 (0.37-5.29) |
|
Q21 |
319 (6.3) |
53 (9.2) |
1.47 |
1.43 (1.06-1.91) |
39 (8.5) |
1.36 |
1.37 (0.97-1.91) |
0.93 |
0.91 (0.60-1.39) |
|
Q22 |
41 (0.8) |
3 (0.5) |
0.65 |
0.59 (0.18-1.91) |
3 (0.7) |
0.82 |
0.75 (0.23-2.46) |
1.26 |
1.28 (0.25-6.43) |
|
Q23 |
34 (0.7) |
3 (0.5) |
0.78 |
0.75 (0.23-2.46) |
2 (0.4) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q24 |
138 (2.7) |
12 (2.1) |
0.77 |
0.77 (0.42-1.39) |
15 (3.3) |
1.22 |
1.29 (0.75-2.21) |
1.58 |
1.51 (0.70-3.25) |
|
Q25 |
62 (1.2) |
7 (1.2) |
1.00 |
1.02 (0.46-2.24) |
8 (1.7) |
1.44 |
1.48 (0.70-3.12) |
1.44 |
1.48 (0.53-4.13) |
|
Q26 |
12 (0.2) |
1 (0.2) |
- |
- |
2 (0.4) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q27 |
13 (0.3) |
0 |
- |
- |
1 (0.2) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q28 |
18 (0.4) |
5 (0.9) |
2.46 |
2.22 (0.81-6.07) |
0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Respiratory system (Q30-Q34) |
|||||||||
|
Q30 |
18 (0.4) |
1 (0.2) |
- |
- |
4 (0.9) |
2.47 |
2.21 (0.73-6.72) |
- |
- |
|
Q31 |
37 (0.7) |
4 (0.7) |
0.96 |
0.77 (0.27-2.18) |
5 (1.1) |
1.50 |
1.32 (0.51-3.40) |
1.57 |
1.97 (0.52-7.52) |
|
Q32 |
22 (0.4) |
2 (0.3) |
- |
- |
2 (0.4) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q33 |
16 (0.3) |
2 (0.3) |
- |
- |
1 (0.2) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q34 |
5 (0.1) |
0 |
- |
- |
0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Cleft lip/palate (Q35-Q37) |
|||||||||
|
Q35 |
34 (0.7) |
9 (1.6) |
2.34 |
2.37 (1.12-5.00) |
3 (0.7) |
0.98 |
0.98 (0.30-3.23) |
0.42 |
0.37 (0.10-1.40) |
|
Q36 |
35 (0.7) |
3 (0.5) |
0.76 |
0.70 (0.21-2.30) |
1 (0.2) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q37 |
64 (1.3) |
9 (1.6) |
1.24 |
1.14 (0.56-2.31) |
3 (0.7) |
0.52 |
0.49 (0.15-1.59) |
0.42 |
0.40 (0.11-1.52) |
|
Digestive system (Q38-Q45) |
|||||||||
|
Q38 |
49 (1.0) |
9 (1.6) |
1.62 |
1.41 (0.69-2.90) |
3 (0.7) |
0.68 |
0.63 (0.19-2.04) |
0.42 |
0.39 (0.10-1.46) |
|
Q39 |
24 (0.5) |
5 (0.9) |
1.84 |
2.10 (0.79-5.57) |
5 (1.1) |
2.31 |
2.65 (0.98-7.12) |
1.26 |
1.26 (0.36-4.45) |
|
Q40 |
46 (0.9) |
6 (1.0) |
1.15 |
1.15 (0.49-2.72) |
6 (1.3) |
1.45 |
1.62 (0.68-3.84) |
1.26 |
1.46 (0.46-4.65) |
|
Q41 |
17 (0.3) |
2 (0.3) |
- |
- |
2 (0.4) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q42 |
24 (0.5) |
1 (0.2) |
- |
- |
1 (0.2) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q43 |
45 (0.9) |
8 (1.4) |
1.57 |
1.44 (0.67-3.08) |
9 (2.0) |
2.24 |
2.03 (0.98-4.21) |
1.42 |
1.46 (0.56-3.86) |
|
Q44 |
4 (0.1) |
2 (0.3) |
- |
- |
0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q45 |
3 (0.1) |
0 |
- |
- |
2 (0.4) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Genital organs (Q50-Q56) |
|||||||||
|
Q50 |
0 |
0 |
- |
- |
0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q51 |
1 (0.0) |
0 |
- |
- |
0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q52 |
19 (0.8) |
1 (0.4) |
- |
- |
7 (3.1) |
4.20 |
4.38 (1.79-10.72) |
- |
- |
|
Q54 |
140 (5.4) |
12 (4.1) |
0.76 |
0.81 (0.45-1.47) |
19 (8.0) |
1.51 |
1.61 (0.99-2.62) |
1.98 |
1.92 (0.92-4.00) |
|
Q55 |
17 (0.7) |
2 (0.7) |
- |
- |
4 (1.7) |
2.68 |
2.27 (0.75-6.90) |
- |
- |
|
Q56 |
3 (0.1) |
1 (0.2) |
- |
- |
0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Urinary system (Q60-Q64) |
|||||||||
|
Q60 |
15 (0.3) |
2 (0.3) |
- |
- |
2 (0.4) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q61 |
18 (0.4) |
1 (0.2) |
- |
- |
1 (0.2) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q62 |
115 (2.3) |
14 (2.4) |
1.08 |
1.07 (0.61-1.86) |
21 (4.6) |
2.03 |
1.88 (1.17-3.02) |
1.89 |
1.78 (0.89-3.54) |
|
Q63 |
23 (0.5) |
2 (0.3) |
- |
- |
2 (0.4) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q64 |
42 (0.8) |
6 (1.0) |
1.26 |
1.37 (0.58-3.25) |
3 (0.7) |
0.80 |
0.88 (0.27-2.87) |
0.63 |
0.75 (0.18-3.10) |
|
Musculoskeletal system (Q65-Q79) |
|||||||||
|
Q65 |
176 (3.5) |
27 (4.7) |
1.36 |
1.40 (0.92-2.12) |
19 (4.1) |
1.21 |
1.35 (0.84-2.19) |
0.89 |
1.01 (0.55-1.85) |
|
Q66 |
422 (8.3) |
62 (10.8) |
1.30 |
1.35 (1.03-1.77) |
60 (13.1) |
1.60 |
1.66 (1.26-2.18) |
1.23 |
1.29 (0.90-1.85) |
|
Q67 |
115 (2.3) |
16 (2.8) |
1.23 |
1.22 (0.72-2.06) |
23 (5.0) |
2.23 |
2.28 (1.45-3.61) |
1.81 |
1.87 (0.98-3.56) |
|
Q68 |
157 (3.1) |
15 (2.6) |
0.85 |
0.95 (0.56-1.62) |
12 (2.6) |
0.85 |
0.95 (0.52-1.71) |
1.01 |
0.92 (0.43-1.99) |
|
Q69 |
32 (0.6) |
8 (1.4) |
2.21 |
2.35 (1.07-5.15) |
5 (1.1) |
1.74 |
1.89 (0.73-4.92) |
0.79 |
0.84 (0.27-2.62) |
|
Q70 |
45 (0.9) |
4 (0.7) |
0.79 |
0.78 (0.28-2.18) |
5 (1.1) |
1.24 |
1.21 (0.47-3.07) |
1.57 |
1.33 (0.35-4.98) |
|
Q71 |
25 (0.5) |
1 (0.2) |
- |
- |
2 (0.4) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q72 |
27 (0.5) |
2 (0.3) |
- |
- |
1 (0.2) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q73 |
0 |
0 |
- |
- |
0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q74 |
64 (1.3) |
8 (1.4) |
1.11 |
1.09 (0.52-2.30) |
10 (2.2) |
1.75 |
1.75 (0.89-3.46) |
1.59 |
1.59 (0.62-4.08) |
|
Q75 |
105 (2.1) |
18 (3.1) |
1.52 |
1.50 (0.90-2.49) |
16 (3.5) |
1.70 |
1.72 (1.01-2.95) |
1.12 |
1.27 (0.64-2.53) |
|
Q76 |
14 (0.3) |
0 |
- |
- |
3 (0.7) |
2.41 |
2.10 (0.58-7.62) |
- |
- |
|
Q77 |
4 (0.1) |
2 (0.3) |
- |
- |
0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q78 |
9 (0.2) |
3 (0.5) |
2.97 |
2.57 (0.68-9.68) |
3 (0.7) |
3.79 |
3.37 (0.88-12.96) |
1.29 |
1.38 (0.27-7.08) |
|
Q79 |
40 (0.8) |
5 (0.9) |
1.11 |
1.10 (0.43-2.81) |
5 (1.1) |
1.40 |
1.43 (0.56-3.68) |
1.27 |
1.16 (0.33-4.07) |
|
Other malformations (Q80-Q89) |
|||||||||
|
Q80 |
7 (0.1) |
2 (0.3) |
- |
- |
2 (0.4) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q81 |
0 |
0 |
- |
- |
1 (0.2) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q82 |
20 (0.4) |
4 (0.7) |
1.77 |
1.81 (0.61-5.37) |
5 (1.1) |
2.80 |
3.27 (1.19-8.94) |
1.57 |
1.69 (0.44-6.44) |
|
Q83 |
2 (0.0) |
0 |
- |
- |
0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q84 |
3 (0.1) |
0 |
- |
- |
3 (0.7) |
11.10 |
10.1 (1.9-51.94) |
- |
- |
|
Q85 |
18 (0.4) |
0 |
- |
- |
2 (0.4) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q86 |
0 |
1 (0.2) |
- |
- |
0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q87 |
30 (0.6) |
9 (1.6) |
2.66 |
2.52 (1.18-5.37) |
6 (1.3) |
2.25 |
2.36 (0.96-5.77) |
0.84 |
0.93 (0.33-2.66) |
|
Q88 |
0 |
0 |
- |
- |
0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q89 |
129 (2.5) |
12 (2.1) |
0.82 |
0.82 (0.45-1.50) |
11 (2.4) |
0.95 |
0.96 (0.52-1.79) |
1.15 |
0.98 (0.43-2.25) |
|
Chromosomal abnormalities (Q90-Q99) |
|||||||||
|
Q90 |
57 (1.1) |
6 (1.0) |
0.93 |
0.88 (0.38-2.05) |
6 (1.3) |
1.17 |
1.04 (0.44-2.45) |
1.26 |
1.27 (0.40-4.06) |
|
Q91 |
10 (0.2) |
1 (0.2) |
- |
- |
0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q92 |
3 (0.1) |
0 |
- |
- |
0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q93 |
3 (0.1) |
0 |
- |
- |
2 (0.4) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q94 |
0 |
0 |
- |
- |
0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q95 |
0 |
0 |
- |
- |
0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q96 |
5 (0.1) |
1 (0.2) |
- |
- |
1 (0.2) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q97 |
0 |
0 |
- |
- |
0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q98 |
3 (0.1) |
0 |
- |
- |
0 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Q99 |
20 (0.4) |
1 (0.2) |
- |
- |
1 (0.2) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
*Cox regression, hazard ratio was calculated only for 3 or more cases of children with malformations in both comparison groups.
†Analysis restricted to infertile couples.
‡Adjusted for maternal age at conception, pre-pregnancy body mass index, smoking, alcohol intake, coffee consumption, and occupational status.