Search step

Explanation

Patient inclusion criteria

1. exp Hypertension/

Exploded MESH heading ‘Hypertension’

Words in title: ‘hypertension’ or truncated ‘hypertensiv’

Words in abstract at least twice: ‘hypertension’ or truncated ‘hypertensiv’

1 OR 2 OR 3

intervention Inclusion criteria

Exploded MESH heading ‘Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory’ or ‘Blood Pressure Monitors’ or ‘Blood Pressure Determination’

‘blood pressure’ within five words of truncated ‘measur’ or truncated ‘monitor’ in title or abstract

4 OR 5 OR 6

‘home’ or truncated ‘self’ in title or abstract

Exploded MESH heading ‘Telemedicine’

truncated ‘telemedic’ or truncated ‘telemonitor’ in title or abstract

8 OR 9 OR 10

Blood pressure measurement AND home monitoring

Blood pressure measurement AND home monitoring AND Hypertension

truncated ‘random’ or truncated ‘placebo in title or abstract or subject heading or publication type

(truncated ‘double’ or truncated ‘single’ or truncated ‘triple’ or truncated ‘treble’) in combination with (truncated ‘blind’ or truncated ‘mask’)

publication type clinical trial or controlled clinical trial

17. exp randomized controlled trials/ or randomized controlled trials.tw,sh. (27378)

Exploded MeSH heading Randomized Controlled Trials or randomized controlled trials as a textword or subject heading

publication type randomised controlled trial

19. or/25-29 RCTs

14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18

COMBINING patient group, intervention and STUDY DESIGN

20. 13 and 29

Blood pressure measurement AND home monitoring AND Hypertension AND RCTs

Date

First author

Blind outcome assessment

Who took outcome blood pressure

Automatic machine

Method of taking outcome blood pressure

1975

Carnahan

Yes

clinic nurses

not stated

Not stated

1976

Haynes

Yes

researcher

not stated

"standardised method"

1978

Johnson

Yes

researcher

not stated

Average of 2nd and 3rd readings 5 minutes apart

1982

Earp

not stated

clinic staff

not stated

‘Average' blood pressure at 'routine clinic visit'

1984

Pierce

Yes

clinic staff

not stated

medical records

1984

Stahl

No

clinic nurse

No

Average of previous 6 months readings

1988

Binstock

not stated

clinic nurse

not stated

Not stated

1991

Midanik

not stated

researcher

not stated

Not stated

1992

Soghikian

No

researcher

No

Second of two resting measurements, 1 minute apart

1993

Muhlhauser

not stated

clinic staff

not stated

Mean of last two BPs in medical records

1996

Friedman

Yes

researcher

not stated

Average of 2 readings 5 minutes apart

1997

Zarnke

Yes

researcher

Yes

24 hr ambulatory BP

1999

Bailey

not stated

research nurse

not stated

Sitting

2000

Mehos

Not stated

researcher

No

Average of 2 readings

2000

Vetter

Not stated

clinic physician

No

BP measured in morning before medication, after 5 mins rest. Mean of three sitting measurements.

2001

Artinian

Yes

researcher

Yes

After 5 mins rest, mean of 2 readings

2001

Broege

not stated

researcher

Yes

Average daytime ambulatory BP

2001

Rogers

Yes

research nurse

Yes

24 hr ambulatory BP

author

Number of patients

Percentage above target

Relative risk

Definition

I

C

I

C

(95% CI)

Haynes,1976

20

18

70

89

0.79 (0.57 to 1.10)

dbp>=90

Earp,1982 (1 year)

74

41

39

34

1.15 ( 0.69 to 1.91)

dbp>=95

Earp,1982 (2 year)

55

34

25

21

1.24 ( 0.56 to 2.75)

dbp>=95

Stahl,1984 (1 year)

125

149

29

36

0.79 ( 0.56 to 1.13)

not defined

Stahl,1984 (2 year)

108

116

33

28

1.17 ( 0.79 to 1.74

not defined

Mulhauser,1993

86

74

85

86

0.98 (0.86 to 1.11)

dbp>90 or sbp>140

Mehos,2000

18

18

56

78

0.71 ( 0.44 to 1.16)

dbp>90 or sbp>140

Vetter,2000

296

326

34

40

0.84 (0.68 to 1.03)

dbp>90

Author

Number of subjects

Baseline sbp

Follow up sbp

Fall from baseline

Intervention effect

I

C

I

C

I

C

I

C

(95% CI)

Carnaham,1975

49

48

153

157

135

146

18.0 (16.5)^b

10.5 (16.5) ^b

7.5 (0.9 to 14.1)

Haynes,1976

20

18

NR

NR

NR

NR

NC

NC

Johnson,1978

69

67

NR

NR

NR

NR

NC

NC

Earp,1982

74

41

NR

NR

NR

NR

NC

NC

Earp,1982

55

34

NR

NR

NR

NR

NC

NC

Pierce,1984

55

58

183 (23)

180 (24)

NR

NR

32.1 (22.3)

33.3 (20.1)

-1.2 (-9.0 to 6.6)

Stah,1984 (1 year followup)

125

149

168

167

NR

NR

NC

NC

Stahl,1984 (2 year follow up)

108

116

168

167

NR

NR

NC

NC

Binstock,1988

23

32

156

151

135

148

21.0 (16.5) ^b

3.0 (16.5) ^b

18.0 (9.2 to 26.8)

Midanik,1991

74

72

144 (16)

144 (17)

143 (16)

145 (18)

1.6 (14.5)

-0.8 (14.2)

2.4 (-2.3 to 7.1)

Soghikann,1992

200

190

137 (17)

140 (18)

136 (20)

142 (17)

1.4 (17.9)

-1.8 (16.5)

3.2 (-0.2 to 6.6)

Mulhauser,1993

86

74

162 (14)

161(13)

154(16)

158 (18)

8.0 (17.0)

3.0 (18.0)

5.0 (-0.5 to 10.5)

Friedman,1996

133

134

170

167

NR

NR

11.0 (16.5) ^b

10.6 (16.5) ^b

0.4 ( -3.6 to 4.4)

Zarnke,1997

20

11

NR

NR

NR

NR

NC

NC

Bailey,1999

31

29

156 (22)

155 (22)

148 (17)

142 (16)

8.0 (19.5) ^a

13.0 (19.2)^a

-5.0 (-14.8 to 4.8)

Mehos,2000

18

18

158 (16)

154 (15)

NR

NR

17.1 (14.0)

7.0 (18.5)

10.1 (-0.6 to 20.8)

Vetter,2000

296

326

166 (14)

168 (14)

145 (16)

148 (15)

21.0 (15.1) ^a

20.5 (14.2) ^a

0.5 ( -1.8 to 2.8)

Artinian,2001

6

9

149 (14)

142 (17)

124 (14)

143 (11)

24.7 (13.8) ^a

-0.9 (13.6) ^a

25.6 ( 11.4 to 39.8)

Broege,2001

20

18

150 (22)

144 (20)

146 (11)

144 (19)

4.0 (16.5) ^a

0.0 (19.5) ^a

4.0( -7.6 to 15.6)

Rogers,2001

60

61

4.9 (13.0)

0.1 (13.2)

4.8 (0.1 to 9.5)

Author

Number of subjects

Baseline dbp

Follow up dbp

Fall from baseline

Intervention effect

I

C

I

C

I

C

I

C

(95% CI)

Carnaham,1975

49

48

102

104

91

93

10.4 (9.3)^b

10.4 (9.3) ^b

0.0 ( -3.7 to 3.7)

Haynes,1976

20

18

99 (6)

98 (6)

93 (6)

96 (6)

5.4 (7.2)

1.9 (8.5)

3.5 (-1.5 to 8.5)

Johnson,1978

69

67

103 (7)

104 (9)

95 (9)

96 (11)

8.5 (9.7)

8.1 (10.0)

0.4 ( -2.9 to 3.7)

Earp,1982

74

41

NR

NR

NR

NR

NC

NC

Earp,1982

55

34

NR

NR

NR

NR

NC

NC

Pierce,1984

55

58

107 (8)

104 (9)

NR

NR

19.1 (10.7)

17.8 (9.1)

1.3 ( -2.4 to 5.0)

Stah,1984 (1 year)

125

149

110

109

90

92

20.1 (9.3) ^b

17.0 (9.3) ^b

3.1 ( 0.9 to 5.3)

Stahl,1984 (2 year)

108

116

110

109

91

90

19.9 (9.3) ^b

19.0 (9.3) ^b

0.9 ( -1.5 to 3.3)

Binstock,1988

23

32

93

90

82

89

11.0 (9.3) ^b

1.0 (9.3) ^b

10.0 ( 5.0 to 15.0)

Midanik,1991

74

72

91 (9)

93 (8)

92 (10)

94 (9)

-1.0 (10.0)

-0.9 (8.0)

-0.1 ( -3.0 to 2.8)

Soghikann,1992

200

190

86 (8)

86 (11)

86 (10)

88 (10)

-0.1 (9.6)

-1.7 (9.6)

1.6 ( -0.3 to 3.5)

Mulhauser,1993

86

74

100 (7)

98 (7)

95 (9)

96 (11)

6.0 (11.0)

2.0 (10.0)

4.0 ( 0.7 to 7.3)

Friedman,1996

133

134

86

84

NR

NR

5.4 (9.3) ^b

3.3 (9.3) ^b

2.1 ( -0.1 to 4.3)

Zarnke,1997

20

11

9.3

9.3

NR

NR

NC

NC

Bailey,1999

31

29

93 (11)

95 (11)

89 (11)

89 (11)

4.0 (11.1)^a

6.0 (10.8)^a

-2.0 ( -7.5 to 3.5)

Mehos,2000

18

18

91 (11)

90 (10)

NR

NR

10.5 (7.6)

3.8 (8.9)

6.7 ( 1.3 to 12.1)

Vetter,2000

296

326

102 (6)

102 (6)

89 (8)

90 (8)

13.2 (7.2) ^a

11.9 (6.9) ^a

1.3 (0.2 to 2.4)

Artinian,2001

6

9

90 (6)

91 (9)

76 (11)

89 (11)

14.6 (8.6) ^a

2.1 (9.7) ^a

12.5 ( 3.2 to 21.8)

Broege,2001

20

18

81 (12)

82 (13)

80 (8)

83 (12)

1.0 (10.0) ^a

-1.0 (12.5) ^a

2.0 ( -5.2 to 9.2)

Rogers,2001

60

61

NR

NR

NR

NR

2.0 (8.3)

-2.1 (9.1)

4.1 (1.0 to 7.2)

Author

Number of subjects

Baseline map

Follow up map

Fall from baseline

Intervention effect

I

C

I

C

I

C

I

C

(95% CI)

Zarnke,1997

20

11

96 (9)

100 (6)

NR

NR

0.9 (5.8)

-1.9 (4.6)

2.9 ( -0.9 to 6.6)

Mehos,2000

18

18

113 (8)

111 (6)

NR

NR

12.7 (5.9)

4.9 (9.8)

7.8 (2.5 to 13.1)

Rogers,2001

60

61

NR

NR

NR

NR

2.8 (8.9)

-1.3 (9.3)

4.1 (0.9 to 7.3)