Web references (as supplied by author)

Fig A, B A displaced intracapsular fracture before (A) and after (B) treatment with a cemented Thompson hemiarthroplasty

Fig C, D  A subtrochanteric fracture before (C) and after (D) treatment with an intramedullary nail

Web references (as supplied by author)

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10. Pathak G, Parker MJ, Pryor GA. Delayed diagnosis of femoral neck fractures. Injury 1997;28:299-301.
11. Chana R, Noorani A, Ashwood N, Chatterji U, Healy J, Baird P. The role of MRI in the diagnosis of proximal femoral fractures in the elderly. Injury 2006;37:185-9.
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13. Parker MJ, Pryor GA, Thorngren K-G. Handbook of hip fracture surgery. Butterworth-Heinemann publications. Oxford 1997.
14. Parker MJ. Proximal femoral fractures. In Classification of musculo-skeletal trauma. Pynsent PB, Fairbank JCT, Carr AJ. Butterworth-Heinemann publications, Oxford. 1999
15. Parker MJ. Trochanteric and Subtrochanteric fractures. Oxford Textbook of Orthopaedics and Trauma. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2001.
16. Bedat B, Rossier J, Peter R. Garden 1 fractures of the femoral neck: conservative or surgical treatment. J Bone Joint Surg[Br] 1997;79-B(Suppl II)243.
17. Conn KS, Parker MJ. Undisplaced intracapsular hip fracture: results of internal fixation in 375 patients. Clinical Orthopaedics 2004;421:249-254.
18. Cserhati, Kaz r G, Manninger J, Fekete K, Freny¢. Non-operative or operative treatment for undisplaced femoral neck fractures: a comparative study of 122 non-operative and 125 operatively treated cases. Injury 1996;27:583-8.
19. Parker MJ, Handoll HHG, Bhargava A. Conservative versus operative treatment for hip fractures (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 4,2000. Oxford: Update Software.
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21. Salkeld G, Cameron ID, Cumming RG, Easter S, Kurrle SE and Quine S. Quality of life related to fear of falling and hip fracture in older women: a time trade off study. BMJ 2000;320:341-6.
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23. Bhandari M, Devereaux PJ, Swiontkowski MF, Tornetta III P, Obremskey W, Koval KJ, Nork S, Sprague S, Schemitsch EH, Guyatt GH. Internal fixation compared with arthroplasty for displaced fractures of the femoral neck: a meta-analysis. J Bone Joint Surg[Am] 2003;85-A:1673-1681.
24. Masson M, Parker MJ, Fleischer S. Internal fixation versus arthroplasty for intracapsular proximal femoral fractures in adults (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2003. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Fig A, B A displaced intracapsular fracture before (A) and after (B) treatment with a cemented Thompson hemiarthroplasty

Fig B

Fig C, D  A subtrochanteric fracture before (C) and after (D) treatment with an intramedullary nail

Fig D