BMJ  2005;331:1268 (26 November), doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7527.1268

Letter

Human and animal health: strengthening the links

Animal and human case for reforming current food policies

EDITOR—The avian flu threat shows the importance of links between the medical and veterinary professions, but the debate needs to extend into the hidden costs of current food policy.

Food policy is still excessively reliant on market efficiencies, by minimising price and maximising choice.¹ Although the obesity epidemic has brought the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO) together on the socioeconomic costs of the nutrition transition,² the associated animal health and welfare costs are easily overlooked. In 2003 the WHO and FAO emphasised the adverse health impact of cheap, convenient, energy dense foods that are high in fats but drew back from the implications for the meats and dairy fats industries.^{2 3} The point was not lost on industry, however, which funded defensive economic assessments.⁴

Historically, a good public health case existed for reducing the price of foods, particularly meats. Vets have helped deliver that policy. Today, vets help farmers control the diseases and other welfare concerns that intensive farming inadvertently promotes. Doctors, in turn, deal both with farmers' health, as farmers struggle to remain in business, and with the public's health, damaged by the modern diet.

So, should vets and doctors join together to examine the case for radically reforming current food policy? The links between reduced human health and farm animal welfare are matters of public interest that lie across and within the professions' respective purviews. Considerable cultural pressure exists to rethink food policy, not least to internalise the public health costs of industrialised food processing and distribution systems.⁵ Moreover, many consumers now tend to associate good human health with good animal welfare,⁶ and the health professions are being asked to encourage a dramatic shift in national diets.³ Thus, the time is right for joint veterinary and medical debate about food policy, and even a shared position.

Atlantic Veterinary College, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, Canada C1A 4P3
chewson{at}upei.ca

Department of Health Management and Food Policy, City University, London EC1V 0HB

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Competing interests: None declared.

References

1. Lang T. What is food and farming for? The (re)emergence of health as a key policy driver. In: Buttel FH, McMichael P, eds. New directions in the sociology of global development. New York: Elsevier (in press): 123-45.
2. Popkin BM. An overview on the nutrition transition and its health implications: the Bellagio meeting. Publ Health Nutr 2002;5: 93-103.
3. World Health Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases. Report of the joint WHO/FAO expert consultation. Geneva: WHO, FAO, 2003. (WHO Technical Report Series, No 916.)
4. Irz X, Shankar B, Srinivasan C. Dietary recommendations in the report of a joint WHO/FAO expert consultation on diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases (WHO Technical Report Series 916, 2003): potential impact on consumption, production and trade of selected food products: report for the International Federation of Agricultural Producers and Institute for European Food Studies: 59. Reading: University of Reading Department of Agricultural and Food Economics, 2003.
5. Pretty JN, Ball AS, Lang T, Morison JIL. Farm costs and food miles: an assessment of the full cost of the UK weekly food basket. Food Policy 2005;30: 1-20[CrossRef]
6. Harper G, Henson S. Consumer concerns about animal welfare and the impact on food choice (EU FAIR CT98-3678). Brussels: European Commission, 2005. www.europa.eu.int/comm/food/animal/welfare/index_en.htm (accessed 17 Nov 2005).

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This article has been cited by other articles:

• Hewson, C. J. (2006). Hidden Costs of Food Production: The Veterinarian's Role. jvme 33: 561-566 [Abstract] [Full text]  

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